初中英语阅读第2讲--说明文·教师版.docx

第2讲说明文A篇一、请阅读下面文章，并根据文章选择正确答案Volunteering means spending some of your free time helping others. You may volunteer to help other people, but you can also volunteer to protect animals, the environment, or any other thing that you care about. Volunteering helps others, but it can also help you. If youre worried about something thats happened, doing something can be a great way to cope with（处理） your feelings. Volunteering can let you see your own lifein new ways. Sometimes its easy to worry about things like grades or get angry because you dont have the most expensive shoes or the newest computer game. Volunteering lets you spend some time on others for a while. Lots of people find that they really enjoy volunteering. Volunteer experiences（经历）often put you in a different environment. Doing volunteer work means one very important thing: You make a difference（产生影响）in the world. Volunteering is a great way to have fun with your family, and here are some ideas on how you can do together:Clean up a park, or a road along a river.Plant trees or flowers in your community.Serve food at a homeless shelter. Give meals to people who are elderly or ill at home. Clean up a school or other public buildings. Some schools now require kids to spend some of their time on service to others. Volunteering gives kids a taste of responsibility（责任心）, because people are depending on them for something important. Volunteering also can help kids learn important things about themselves. A volunteer job can even help some kids decide what they want to do when they grow up. So what are you waiting for? Make a plan to start volunteering today!Vocabularies: 1. Volunteering n. 志愿活动；志愿者活动2. volunteer n.志愿者; adj. 志愿的; v.自愿3. care about关心；在乎；担忧；关怀4. cope with 对付；处理；应付5. make a difference有影响；起（重要）作用 6. homeless shelter收容中心；流浪汉庇护所； 7. require v. 要求；需要；想要；命令8. responsibility n.责任；职责；责任感9. depend on 依赖；依靠；凭借10. grow up向上生长；长大；成熟1. To be a volunteer is useful to some students because _.A. they would like very much to buy expensive shoesB. their schools ask them to spend more time serving othersC. it can help them make their own decisions when they are olderD. they can serve food at homeless shelters2. Volunteering can give us a lot so that _. A. we neednt worry about our grades or the environmentB. we can enjoy being served better in different waysC. we have more fun only with our families and friendsD. we should try our best to do more volunteer work3. The reason why students are asked to do some volunteering is that _.A. students should be more responsible for their school work and social workB. students are too lazy to do any work, inside or outside their schools and homesC. students always depend too much on their schools and familiesD. students are always waiting for the decisions of their parents or schools4.What does the underlined word “community” mean in Chinese? A. 公社B. 公司 C. 社区 D. 社团Keys: CDAC练习一. 英英释义1) Aunt Mary volunteered to clean up the kitchen. A. offer help willinglyB. want C. hateD. plan2) I mean to go shopping this afternoon. A. meanB. plan toC. am goingD. mean that I shall3)If you require further information, you should ask the teacher. A. searchB. need C. order D. enquire4) We put off the conference in order to better cope with the tense situation. A. come up with B. mix with C. deal with D. together with5) The sea air has made a difference to his health. A. damagedB. made a difficulty to C. been different fromD. improved Keys: ABBCD二. 词性转换1) mean v. （mean doing sth.）意思是，意味着；（mean to do）打算 _ n. 意义；含义 _ adj. 有意义的 _ adj. 无意义的We fill up our lives with _ tasks.The child read the story but did not comprehend its _.meaningWhat do you _ by opening my letters without permission?meanHe glanced _ at the other policeman, then he went up the stairs.We found no _ differences at all, she says.Keys: meaningless meaning mean meaningfully meaningful2) experience n. 经验，经历 _ adj. 老练的，富有经验的 _ n. 经验者，感受者 We should learn from _ teachers. We had never _ this kind of holiday before.Keys: experienced experienced3) responsibility n. 责任 _ adj. 有责任心的，负责的 _ adv.负责的Do you want to be _ for your own life decisions?It was his _ for foreign affairs that gained him international prestige.Keys: responsible responsibility1. Volunteering 2. volunteer 3. care about 4. cope with 5.make a difference 6. homeless shelter 7. require 8. responsibility 9. depend on 10. grow up三. 选词填空1. She would like to volunteer at a _.2. A little knowledge can_ at a time of death.3. We need to take _ for looking after our own health4. Do not imagine that you can_ all the problems.5. You cant _ your parents forever.6. Tom wants to be a coach when he _.7. She now helps in a local school as a _ three days a week.8. The young people should _ the old.9. _doesnt only improve your life, but also the lives of others10. This _some time and patience.Key: 1. homeless shelter 2. make a difference3. responsibility4. cope with5. depend on6. grows up 7. volunteer8. care about 9. Volunteering10. requires四. 句子翻译Volunteering means spending some of your free time helping others._You make a difference in the world._Some schools now require kids to spend some of their time on service to others._五. 语法填空Some schools now require kidsspend some of their time service to others. gives kids a taste of (reponsible) , because people are depending on them for something important. Volunteering also can help kids learn important things about (them). A volunteer job can even help some kids (decision) what they want to do they grow up. So what are you waiting ? Make a plan to start volunteering today!Keys: to on Volunteeringresponsibility themselvesdecidewhen for 文章点评：通过向大家展示什么是志愿者，志愿者的工作有哪些，以及志愿者工作能够在许多的方面帮助孩子。“顺手捡起一片纸，纯洁的是自己的精神；俯身擦去地上一块污渍，净化的是自己的灵魂。”这句话是一位志愿者的心声，其实我们可以在闲暇之余多去用志愿者的行动充实我们的生活，从我做起，从身边的小事做起。长难句分析：Volunteering means spending some of your free time helping others.此句话中涉及到动名词做主语的知识点。mean + doing“意味着”sb. spend some time(in)doing sth.某人花费时间做某事。动名词做主语的用法：动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：Painting is his hobby. 绘画是他的爱好。Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。如：It is no use talking without doing. 光说不做没有用。不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如：Its so hot. What I want to do now is to have a swim in a river.天这么热，现在我想做的事是在河里游泳。学以致用:What do you think made Mary so upset？ _ her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. LostC. Losing D. Because of losingKey: 该题正确选项为C, losing her new bicycle是句子的主语，谓语made her so upset被省略，losing在此表示具体的动作。寄语：本篇文章中涉及的动名词做主语的句子很多，还有很多非谓语动词的其他用法，大家可以一一找出来，然后分析一下，以后用在所写的作文中。此外，本篇阅读理解的主题是志愿者，志愿者这个主题在中考作文中也是很常见的，所以希望大家可以把本篇文章中比较好的词语、段落一一背诵下来。BYounger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater increase in their waistlines(腰围) over time, a study suggests. The study included 332 African-American and 775 Hispanic-American (拉丁裔美国人) men and women aged 18 to 81. The researchers measured their abdominal (腹部的) fat, at the start of the study and again five years later. Among the people younger than 40 in the research, the study found, those who said they slept for five hours or less each night gained more fat than those who averaged six or seven hours of sleep. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a bigger fat gain - but it was not as much as that seen in short sleepers. The findings, according to the lead researcher Dr. Kristen, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight, and health in general. Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether youre tired during the day, she said. As for why sleep time might affect abdominal-fat gain, there are several facts:People who get too little sleep may be too tired during the day to exercise, while those who spend a lot of time in bed may spend less time being active, comparing to people who sleep fewer hours. Research also suggests that sleep loss changes peoples appetite-regulating hormones（胃口调节荷尔蒙）- which could, in theory, make them overeat. Whats more, depression, which is a feeling of sadness that makes people think there is no hope for the future, could also be a reason. He also noted that it often affects peoples sleep and has been linked to weight gain. Vocabularies 1. increase v. 增加，增大，增多2. suggestv. 建议，提议；暗示；3. measure v. 测量 n. 措施 4. according to 根据5. affect v. 影响；感染；6. whether 是否；不管7. as for至于，关于8. whileconj.在期间；虽然；而9. compare to比较；把.比作10. note v.注意；记录11. be link to与连接；与有关联1._ will get less fat gain according to the passage.A. Younger adults who sleep for five hours or lessB. People who sleep more than 8 hours every dayC. Younger adults who are from Africa or AmericaD. People who sleep about six or seven hours a day2.The underlined word “that” refers to _.A. a fat gainB. sleep habitsC. too little sleepD. too much sleep3.What can we learn from the passage?A. The more we sleep, the more energetic we will be.B. The less we sleep every day, the less fat we will get.C. Those who are in sadness could easily get a bigger fat gain.D. The African and Hispanic adults easily get a greater weight gain.Keys: DAC练习一.单词连线1) measureput forward a plan or idea for someone to think about2) suggestbecomes greater in number, level, or amount.3) affectaction and step4) noteinfluence or cause to change in some way.5) increasebecome aware of something二.词性转换suggest v. 建议 _ n. 建议measure v. 测量；n. 测量，措施 _ n. 测量；计量 度量；尺寸compare v. 比较 _ n. 比较；对照note v. 注意，记录 n. 笔记，票据increase v. 增长 n.增加，增长 _ adj. 渐增的 _adv. 越来越多地；渐增地_ v. 下降，减少Keys: suggestion measurement comparisonincreasing increasingly decrease三.适当形式填空1）She was finding it _(increase) difficult to get about.2）I have lots of _(suggest) for the parks future.3) Since oxygen is _(decrease), temperature is gradually rising.Keys: increasingly suggestions decreasing四.选词填空increasesuggest measure according to affect whether as forwhilecompare to note be link to1. I _ you ask him some specific questions about his past.2. Suddenly, I _ that the rain had stopped.3. It was difficult to _ the precise impact of the labor action.4. The company has _ the price of its cars.5. More than seven million people have been _ by drought.6. I dont know _theyve found anybody yet.7. Both stations _ the airport by city buses.8. _my son, its not all bad.9. The first two services are free, _the third costs 35.00.10. The writer was _Shakespeare.Keys: 1. suggest 2. noted 3. measure 4. increased 5. affected 6. whether 7. are link to 8. As for 9. while 10. compared to五.语法填空 Among the people younger _ 40 in the research, the study found, those who said they slept_ five hours or less each night gained more fat than those who averaged six _seven hours of sleep. Those who slept eight hours or more in bed each night also showed a_ (big) fat gain - but it was not as much as that seen in short _ (sleep). The findings, according to the lead_ (research) Dr. Kristen, support the belief that sleep habits affect weight, _health in general. Sleep is an important part of your overall health - not just in whether youre_ (tired) during the day, she said. Keys: than for or bigger sleepers researcher and tired六.句子翻译1. There is no denying that + S + V .（不可否认的.）翻译：不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经越来越糟。_2.It is universally acknowledged that + 句子 （全世界都知道.）翻译：全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。_3. There is no doubt that + 句子 （毫无疑问的.）翻译：毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。_4. An advantage of is that + 句子（.的一个优点是.）翻译：使用太阳能一个优点是它不会制造任何污染。_ CThe ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way. Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity.“Have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group in Scotland. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.”Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity. The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy, and it is already being used in Scotland.Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “The winds start out by making little ripples (波纹) in the water, but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves,” Taylor said. “Waves are one of natures ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”When waves come towards the coast, people can set up dams(大坝) to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine(涡轮). The turbine can then power an electrical generator(发电机).We will never run out of wave power. Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as oil and coal do.Oceans cover three quarters of the earths surface. That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world. But there are some disadvantages that need us to pay more attention to.Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money. He said that its influence on animals in the sea is still unknown. Besides, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic. With more research, “Many of these problems might be solved,” Taylor said. “Finding more energy sources is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day.”In the future, when you turn on a light button, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!1. We can learn from the passage that_. A. almost every country is making use of the wave power at present B. it is necessary for us to develop wave power instead of oil and coal C. wave power will be sure to make some bad influence on sea animals D. scientists are making efforts to find new ways of fishing and boat traffic 2. What does the fourth paragraph tell us? A. Why scientists are doing the research on wave power. B. What experience that scientists have achieved so far. C. How the wave energy forms and grows bigger. D. Which countries are trying out wave power.3. Whats the writers attitude towards wave power? A. The writer believes that wave power will be used widely by man. B. The writer doubts if wave energy can be changed into electricity. C. The writer is sure the experiments will come to the end some day. D. The writer thinks that wave power isnt worth researching at all.4. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Sea Animals and Wave Power.B. How Do We Get Wave Energy?C. The Advantages of Wave Power.D. Can Waves Make Electricity?Keys: 1:B 2:C 3:A 4:D小题1:细节理解题，由文中语句“Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity. The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy, and it is already being used in Scotland.”可知。小题2:理解归纳题，由文中语句“The winds start out by making little ripples (波纹) in the water, but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into wave s”可知。小题3:细节理解题，由文中语句“Oceans cover three quarters of the earths surface. That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world.”可知。小题4:标题归纳题，纵观全文理解可知。练习一、英英释义。1. The winds start out by making little ripples (波纹) in the water.A. set out B. get off C. begin D. start2. Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as oil and coal do.A. Except B. Apart from C. In addition to D. Except for3. But there are some disadvantages that need us to pay more attenti