考博英语语法重点总结(供参考.doc

考博英语语法重点总结（供参考）kindergarten n. 幼儿园独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装6 n. y1 K4 t% u( ( |+ h考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,独立主格特征. C3 C+ j: iF% c1. 充当句子的状语。% b$ P3 P! u, p2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。, E1 q: & _! F6 Y; ?0 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词9 m$ H( Y: a1 z/ 2 T& k考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,4.With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词）考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,7 8 P. / ; u. c o) z/ O例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home./ q$ ) _( L7 ?& ?9 |考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started.8 x% U# 6 Hv, d8 a考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle).8 m/ i* 6 P5 w+ Y2 Y考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,真题剖析考博论坛-高知社区3 d4 a/ E9 x4 A* t2 J7 K- X4 D0 G2 k(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would47feed them. : x. j. & S; , V) A5 |考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because % x) H+ e7 |9 K练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf _7_ from the door, the world _8_ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do _9_ you really want to do. 考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,2 z; i K; g+ H( S+ 3 q% H8. A. is B. having C. being D. be0 rZ P; O) d: c虚拟语气 U|% A* m, wG+ k7 a$ 2 i1 z! G虚拟语气（2）1 q9 m; f1 c& W考博论坛-高知社区1. （should）+动词原形考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,9 ?- ) a# AIt +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable)+that从句; e! r0 N7 P2 K! g) It +be动词+名词(pity,shame)+that从句/ 8 v0 f$ 0 B) O: p+ H# It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved)+that从句考博论坛-高知社区2 h# d; b7 r7 S# f部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句3 _, $ A$ - o# q: G; r4 R考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,2. Its (high, about) time that +动词过去式 % w3 C) i. R6 z# 考博论坛-高知社区 would rather +动词过去式. i9 y4 j. Ga g/ i真题剖析考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,% 3 _ p5 p x5 7 u(1997) I wouldnt be truthful if I47say that teaching is hard work . $ : - 9 # I/ Z# D2 y$ K6 f c( 47. A. do B. did C. dont D. didnt2 l7 u2 l- X0 Q2 T/ n(1993)The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration52 , and they 53that the professor be sent home. : Ef3 + s2 53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decidedD. * S+ R: E4 g V$ h4 r$ D3 L+ F练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we_15_ this message to heart. ) O U7 * 4 c15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take . 4 g2 , E7 O* t(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even _54_ other facets of life prove disappointing. 考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,4 2 M+ N% b- Q9 o, j3 T(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.)考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,3 ( _, v2 r f1 I& t54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should考博论坛-高知社区) A _+ V5 T( H( l: D8 % Q7 X4 |9 p非谓语动词) f4 o. Z0 I) z4 6 y p- i+ R动名词、分词、不定式。3 dk: W- y7 V$ g主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done)# l5 | t& k: _7 d 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been)o1 V& X: k F- z, V8 H0 P考博论坛-高知社区To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。3 s0 j( m$ l& 7 K, y5 a真题剖析考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,3 V) ! C* j* Wy. (2000) In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies60into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers.$ N1 x9 Z/ R o8 o. I2 C9 T60. A. droppedB. to dropC. droppingD.drops考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,) V: n4 e; r: (2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a59life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. 考博论坛-高知社区5 _( $ d1 + z O, H- g0 J$ H59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative 考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,+ i|5 # B# W9 x主谓一致考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,# S ! C0 g2 h7 _1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。; p* I1 ( c2 z b$ M2 q考博论坛-高知社区 How you got there doesnt concern me., n7 m5 x1 H/ D Growing vegetables needs constant watering.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,! q6 q7 D4 : k; F2.表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。& c# 8 7 4 R3 L3 D6 M% M6 _: r考博论坛-高知社区 Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. k- e7 * x0 e7 G0 W4 W3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。: c! o! _+ D1 v: v. K9 f; 7 C# I考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。. M/ n! d& P3 m7 v& Q8 j Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water).p: j9 n; c- x4 Q+ Z, M考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 # h1 n* U I6 h- N$ 3 ?( Q( OE Everyone knows that youve come here. ; f6 L! |: T i& Y考博论坛-高知社区 If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (-thing 的情况例外)考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,+ Q/ . q/ W9 G. K* q1 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等）考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,% _8 P/ 9 T6 Z N$ p He no less than John is interested in literature.! 8 r% z/ n n* 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut, partlypartly等)8 K. a. d2 q, z& ) L; F Either my father or my brothers are coming. 考博论坛-高知社区9 U( ?9 m3 ! N, z9 d# w9 / Mk8. each,every,many a, no +主语，谓语用单数。考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,: 3 c. H1 n0 w9 f Many a student and teacher has been to the Great W: s) Z* U1 n) e真题剖析, k2 y2 a4 U6 n; Z& V(2000) Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africas cities are growing by 10% a year,54 of urbanization ever recorded.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,9 5 r) ?: r2 x H( o! c( 53. A. none B. few C. any D. some * 6 - h2 v3 L考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,倒装# R, e4 I% r/ k4 n8 ! o& O9 % i全部倒装* I$ y8 K+ # 4 S7 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” 考博论坛-高知社区! H F! b% z5 n1 a7 m ?. Q2 OdThere stand big buildings in this district.4 k( Q9 R! |$ i/ Here on the desk lies a pile of books.- m0 g1 K; n7 m! 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)% X7 s/ C5 K0 P8 |* E# f9 V考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,, In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.+ E# Q1 E% ?3 B* Z; u A# P考博论坛-高知社区3. 介词短语作状语位于句首) A4 c, l L! - + o In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy.考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,$ T4 U- w! 6 H/ 3 7 ( j4. 表语位于句首1 t# j m, u( fEspecially remarkable was his flat nose.- A6 P& i5 l. u3 + |Not far from here is a famous university.3 1 # c* f6 o4 S考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文% s6 O4 ; g. XY考博论坛-高知社区She wasnt angry, and neither was I.0 P7 v. R( k f. % 3 u+ o$ ZPeter doesnt like pop music. No more does his brother.( Z9 u2 N7 S, M4 rE考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语）. a1 g8 E9 t2 Y7 o9 w F7 M$ . 考博论坛-高知社区Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil.$ R6 m5 h3 i) |5 b+ e# 考博论坛-高知社区部分倒装考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,, OA+ A0 ?: ? 8 s9 o1. 疑问句& P1 q5 t+ j/ R) 0 Pj2 s: ?2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外）* ; p9 e9 V; Z, 考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,, Never did John speak rudely to his parents.( D& d2 p0 3 V4 i u9 ce) 考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,3. “only+状语”位于句首: Z2 wG2 v9 p: s4 D$ b Only when he comes back can be leave.9 e/ N) t+ n1 M) 4. “hardlywhen”, “scarcelywhen”, “no soonerthan”, “not only(but also)” 位于句首! k8 Z7 S) v6 g0 ZNo sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began.q2 P7 D9 O* p$ k) u$ Q考博论坛-高知社区5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under nocircumstances, on no account)9 O0 I9 O2 E0 Z考博论坛-高知社区 By no means should you break the rules.3 y3 G! S 0 O At no time should we give in to difficulties.- U, I; G* Y- 3 C6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 5 _; , j U* _- Y 8 y7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词”5 , 7 A: a. X9 L2 U( L7 E6 H Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.; Wy: r. U0 d! y- O9 L Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,& T+ N7 O. P1 X8 t( D4 T真题剖析考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,2 A( w: P1 Z! (2000) Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban world. By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of the world drawn by the strange magnetism of urban46.* B, s) Q1 YG- Q+ 考博论坛-高知社区 46. A. way B. life C. area D. people考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,) H3 S: F8 B9 Z: R3 9 E- _; z限定词的用法3 K; w+ n8 l6 h8 C; A, O0 n( t考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,1. Both, each, either, neither (只指两个)考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,% S) z6 S0 c5 D, y2 y2. All, every, each, some, any, no (指两个以上)- s# % E# C9 D3. Some, any, more, (the) most, all, a lot, lots, enough, none (复数可数或不可数); U2 ( A8 o6 n4. Much, (a) little, a good/great deal, less, (the) least (不可数)4 t8 * ; % Neg. “Got any money?” “None at all.”+ N+ r9 T o% Jeg. “Does either side of this street get more sun that the other?” “No, neither side is sunnier than the other.”9 ?3 d5 e% 7 w v, q# U2 Y3 e6 d从句为考察重点考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,3 % r8 3 k5 r+ i2 p2 W* R(1999) The answers given by 200 women to those intimate open-ended questions made me realize that51was wrong could not be related to education in the way it was then believed to be. ) M, |XZ% l$ E# ; I* b- X考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,51. A. whichB. whatC. itD. that5 C/ P+ V; m4 b0 s1 j(1998) They learned to 51their farming habits to the climate and soil. 52 they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving 53, they invited their neighbors, 3 X* h, b E2 A& / v: g考博论坛-高知社区52. A. WhileB. When C. SoD. If 考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,2 V; W: z) O( r(1993) In the United States a commentator remarked that45Japan apparently still used some “primitive tools”,46a Japanese commentator expressed astonishment that the American pens wrote so poorly they could safely be used only once and then discarded. 7 Y e9 R0 a% L7 l* s- u46. A. thoughB. when C. whileD. and that . e; y& . l& H) v% p* G( 考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,! u; g2 R) w- O5 r考博论坛-高知社区omitting the subject : o9 e% Z5 m+ A8 v. R Rather formal use考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,, N; T( U/ S0 E: 让步状语从句以 although, though, while, or whilst 开头时通常与主句共享主语, 从句谓语用分词形式。考博论坛-高知社区 Q6 N) ?/ h$ l! O$ r6 I8 W! O) OKWhilst he liked cats, he never let them come into his house.2 _9 D- k# h. v1 Y5 x3 x% k- eWhilst liking cats, he never let them come into his house., M+ C) ?3 1 E& UBoth the journalists, though greeted as heroes on their return from prison, not long afterwards quietly disappeared from their newspapers.这四个词还可用在名词、形容词或副词词组前，如： It was an unequal marriage, although a stable and long-lasting one. 考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,/ % V2 g: l1 v; t2 o, XThough not very attractive physically, she possessed a sense of humour.% FN+ ! / t4 g7 A9 * Y- xV/ xWHILE! . X4 l; G# y8 r% j& v4 N g1. He stayed with me while Dad talked with Dr. Smith.* f* F7 G) W+ R. y3 q2 mY/ v8 M2. I often knit while watching TV.考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,; e4 f4 W- i+ v9 V1 E3. While I have some sympathy for these fellows, I think they went too far.8 l) z% D2 o+ q: JAND7 g1 w! u1 V3 U/ mP- L- k1. often used to link clauses考博论坛-高知社区9 o0 S, C|3 2 K6 JI came here in 1922 and I have live here ever since./ g# J: X$ w; p3 n2. When you are giving advice or a warning, you can use “and” to say what will happen if something is done.5 k, G9 A& m* p7 B S7 b7 Z* nGo by train and youll get there quicker.7 . L- K- y7 # G! L2 BDo as youre told and youll be all right.( |0 J7 ! M) u2 T) y+ w考博论坛-高知社区WHERE 9 6 f3 * Q* _2 |% _1. She was standing exactly where you are standing now. s7 f7 Q, s K7 W% S# i2 O考博论坛-高知社区2.In 1963 we moved to Boston, where my grandparents lived.( w3 v* # ) s2 O$ D2 W9 m考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,3.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. ( Z1 H* n+ _& J- s. i( v o/ m% r4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. 考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,1 _! r+ P4 k8 y7 Vi- g5 l$ Q5.Now, where were we? Oh yes, we were talking about John.& _% k+ w& JC8 o$ K7 6.Where others might have been satisfied, Dawson had higher ambitions. (difference)t8 & T5 E% b! B+ YWHICH . x, ) C3 N 考博论坛-高知社区(本身无意义，必须接在名词或代词后面)8 G$ q# F) 5 k3 d) f1.定语从句引导词 Did you see the letter which came today? 6 c+ t& k0 U 0 g+ 7 ?% K Now they were driving by the houses which Andy had described.2 U2 j! T3 I! tw2 q, x考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,, 2.分割句子，补充说明 The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase. 4 Y7 u* D1 d) Z+ b2 O: r! E考博论坛-高知社区 He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.: y. $ a) c% v0 l# P: | She may have missed the train, in which case she wont arrive for another hour.5 za$ _* W$ Q考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,THAT 多用于同位语从句和thing的定语从句中。% * D9 C3 c$ Z; Z y& e W考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,WHAT; h! O- p4 |9 w. 3 Y( . X3 W (有实际意义，可用于宾语从句和主语从句)_; Y Z 2 e1. No one knows exactly what happened.考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,! f P6 e7 * H* p5 x2.It is not clear to what extent these views were shared.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,0 * k: G3 s7 m- J: d7 r3.I could get you a job here if thats what you want.2 x3 h6 w8 r# Fh! t* L3 i考博论坛-高知社区 4. What that kid needs is some love and affection. 6 t u b8 S& C5. What matters is the British people and British jobs.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,/ U5 U# v. k: vAS% c) e7 I8 Q- 9 L( a# y1.比较& ?; o3 L e9 j3 VHis last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as popular./ They want peace as much as we do. 8 r1 6 3 l8 1 I$ _ 2.作为，正如 Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive. , y N7 L4 P f0 t/ s b, XDavid, as you know, has not been well lately. 7 a+ |) 1 s# I; c6 Z3.看作，看待8 + b+ b. - JThe result of last weeks election will be seen as a victory. Y0 _$ 8 3 0 G! P考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,, 4.当时候= while or when : z& R3 9 v9 x) s+ t, l考博论坛-高知社区 I saw Peter as I was getting off the bus. 考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,6 3 b5 c2 x, ( K7 _1 H5.原因 As it was getting late, I turned around to start for home. , a( A 0 f) 2 s# 考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,, 6.让步= though Try as she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,1 # b5 P / J Z6 j$ |The bag has narrow straps, so it may be worn over the shoulder or carried in the hand.8 K A+ |, B! s3 8 m, E考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,Id be in trouble if I let on. So I kept mum.d8 ; ( c7 6 y考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,When the meal was finished, Rachel washed up and made coffee.9 s g r2 B+ a考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,I would have liked to have learnt French, but I was denied (=not given) the opportunity.考博论坛-高知社区 p$ N2 e( Y. k. b+ pThe opportunity was denied (to) me at school.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,) x; N5 u: ( CThe prestige is denied (to) the classroom teacher. M+ r7 V7 A0 P4 G6 V# 2 Z考博论坛-高知社区 The classroom teacher is denied the prestige.考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,2 d K1 g$ V N: R/ p5 R过去分词与形容词的语义差：3 P: R8 g g! S& 考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,1.Destructive:causing damage to people or things& F6 q7 sU% k$ Mg7 p考博论坛-高知社区the destructive power of modern # g* ! t5 Di7 k2 9 F Damaged: being in a bad state考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,* Z# D/ n! R% k* ?( V) bemotionally damaged children6 n7 ! Tf7 i2 3 U2.Respected:admired by many because of achievements 4 o/ R1 c9 z ( n& m1 u; Y5 lHes one of the most respected managers in the game.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,,N: A* Uo4 j6 g3 J4 _ Respectful: feeling or showing respect. f2 $ g t( D% b7 U% a! W+ i; q3 e考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,, They listened in respectful silence.考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,,8 ( U + r8 L A1 h3. Preferred : Her own preferred methods of exercise are hiking and long