高考非谓语讲解(含解题技巧)ppt课件

.,1,高考语法复习,非谓语动词,.,2,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,2,Thefamousdoctor,givebirthtoababy,helped,thepregnantwoman,lastFriday.,to,.,3,英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：加连词（and/but/so）放入从句变为非谓语动词,Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Whenshegotoffthebus,sheleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butsheleftherhandbagonherseat.,.,4,谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.A.seizing,disappearedB.seized.,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing,两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用and连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,seized和took是并列谓语，disappearing是伴随状语。此题的关键是and的位置，如果and在disappear前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。,.,5,非谓语,不定式（todo),doing(动名词、现在分词),done(过去分词),非谓语动词有哪些？,.,6,非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？,.,7,.,8,1、作主语或表语时,在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用doing；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用todo。,Smokingisnotallowedhere.(表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。)2.Tosmokesomuchisnotgoodforyou.(表具体的、一次性动作、要做的事情。)3.Theirjobisbuildinghouses.(抽象、经常的动作)4.Theirworkistobuildanotherbridgeacrosstheriver.(具体、要做的动作),.,9,1.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_.A.hedliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having,在and连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词fishing和collectingcoins分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”,D,D,.,10,非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：1.并行结构问题，Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.2.需要注意一些结构：A)在Itsnouse(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名词作主语。如：Itsnousequarrellingwithsuchafellow.注意比较：Theresnoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在Its+adj.+todo。注意两种句型：Itseasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加forsb.todoItskind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)后加ofsb.todo,.,11,3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake,B,在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，1.并行结构问题，2.时间问题。todo作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。doing作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。,.,12,注：1动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very,quite等副词来修饰，如：Myjobislookingafterthechildren.Ourdutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul.Thesituationisencouraging.Thiscakeisveryinviting.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.,.,13,注：2过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：,Whathesaidsounds_(convince).Hewas_(interest)inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas_(interest),convincing,interested,interesting,使信服,.,14,类似情况还有：surprisingsurprised,excitingexcited,tiringtired,disappointingdisappointed,encouragingencouraged，amazedamazing,boredboring,pleasingpleased,astonishingastonished.-ed分词Sb.+Link.v+-ed分词-ing分词Sth.+Link.v+-ing分词,人的感觉,事物本身的特点,.,15,2、作宾语时,.,16,不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？,2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别,1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,.,17,1.有些动词后只跟todo作宾语，如：manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(帮助)，want(想要),refuse等。,2.有些动词后只跟doing作宾语，如：avoid,admit,consider,miss,delay/postpone,suggest/advise,finish,practise,enjoy/appreciate,imagine,resist/canthelp,deny,envy,escape,risk,stand,mind,keep/keeponprefer.to.,lookforwardto,beusedto,devoteto,leadto,getdownto,giveup,keepon,succeedin,feellike,bebusy,beworth,havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。Wedontallowfishinghere.Wedontallowpeopletofishhere.,.,18,1)Icantstand_withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost,C,B,.,19,有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：IforgottoclosethedoorbeforeIlefttheroom.Iforgothavingclosedthedoor.Hetriedtowritebetter.(尽量努力地写)Hetriedwritingwithabrush.(用毛笔试着写)Icouldnthelpfinishingit.(不能不结束某事)Icouldnthelptofinishit.(不能帮助结束某事)Theystoppedfishing.(停止钓鱼)Theystoppedtofish.(离开某处出发去钓鱼)Iregrettosaythatthereisnowineinthebottle.(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)Iregretnottakingyouradvice.(后悔),3.remember,forget,regret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop,.,20,4.主动表被动:,want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.+deserve(值得，应受)+doing,使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,tobedone,使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义,.,21,1.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_tomynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,B,注意1：不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,Hedidntknowwhattosay.Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Myquestioniswhentostart.,.,22,3、作补语时,.,23,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.,五看,watch,see,lookat,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listento,hear,一感觉:,feel,2.当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:,allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.,医生建议他去南方.,Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.,+sbtodo,1.能接带to的不定式作补足语的动词,.,24,3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。,Isawhimgoupstairs.（动作全过程）Isawhimgoingupstairs.（动作正在进行）Donthavemewaitingforyououtside?Iwont.Ijusthavemyhaircut.,.,25,Iheardher_(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.ShewasheardtosinganEnglishsong.Iheardher_(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.Shewasheardsingingthesong.(Shewasheardtobesingingthesong.错）IheardtheEnglishsong_(sing)manytimes.IheardtheEnglishsong_(sing)whenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.,sing,singing,sung,beingsung,.,26,Fillintheblank:1.Hewassurprisedtofindhisroomthoroughly_.(clean)2.LastnightIsawhim_(play)theviolinwithhiseyes_(shut).,“被动”,“主动”,cleaned,playing,shut,“被动”,.,27,Iheardmysister_thatsonginEnglishoutside.(sing)Theyonceheardthesong_inEnglish.Motherheardherkid_thedoor.Motherheardthedoor_.(open)Withthetest_(finish),webegantoanalyzetheresult.Wouldyoupleasespeakloudersoasto_?A.makeyouhearB.makeyourselfhearC.makeyouheardD.makeyourselfheard,D,singing,sung,opening,opened,巩固练习三,finished,.,28,Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto,A,为了避免重复，常用省do留to来代替前面的动作。如：e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?Yes,_.A.IdliketoB.Idliketogo注意：不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?Yes,_.A.Idliketobe.B.Idliketo.,A,A,.,29,2.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone,使役动词make/have/letsb.dosth.但改为被动语态后，则应为：bemade/lettodo。注意其它不带to的动词不定式的用法。,此句中的it指代的是acomputer，what在从句中作do的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用peoplehaveacomputerdo这一结构。需要注意的是have的几个常用结构：havesb./sth.do;havesb./sth.done;havesb./sth.doing;havesb./sth.todo,B,A,.,30,4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay,that引导的是定语从句，修饰plan，在从句中作see的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为seetheplancarriedout。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。,感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。,C,A,.,31,4、作定语时,.,32,todo,doing,done都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。1.todo作定语不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Haveyouanythingtosend?（不定式执行者为you)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的吗？(不定式执行者为被省略的me或someoneelse）不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容同位关系Ihavenochancetogothere.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语主谓关系Sheisthelasttoleavetheroom.,.,33,Heislookingfor_.（一间可以住的房子）,Thereisnothing_.,-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?-Itisaverygood_.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,toworryabout,（没有什么可担心的）,aroomtolivein,注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,.,34,2.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：doing表示主动、进行之意；done表示被动与完成；todo表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.Thequestion_(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.,discussed,beingdiscussed,tobediscussed,.,35,注：doing作定语有时意义不同：,awalkingstickAswimmingpoolAsleepingcar,区别,ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy,动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能,现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态,.,36,注意：现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句（避免用现在分词的完成式作定语）e.g.Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.,.,37,5、作状语时,能作状语的有todo,doing,done。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。,.,38,*1.表目的Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.inorderto,soasto（不能放句首）2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表结果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.enoughto,tooto,onlyto,todo作状语,.,39,分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语,而句子本身可与状语从句等句型转换。,.,40,1.Whenweheardthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.=Hearingthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.2.Whenitisheated,themetalexpands.Heated,themetalexpands.3.Becausehedidntknowhowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.=Notknowinghowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.4.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.=Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.,“主动”,“被动”,表示时间,表示原因,=,.,41,5._(look)outofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.=Ifyoulookoutofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.6._(keep)infridge,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.=Iftheyarekeptinfridge,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.,表示条件,Looking,Kept,.,42,7.Thechildrenrushedout,shoutingandjumping.8.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,_byherlittledaughter.(follow)9.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,_herlittledaughter.(follow)10.(consider)asabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.=Althoughitisconsideredasabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.表示让步,表示方式和伴随情况,followed,following,Considered,.,43,11.Thecarwasheldupbythesnowstorm,thus_(cause)thedelay.12.Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,_inthehead.,表示结果,分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调。e.g.,heated,icecanbechangedintowater,When,tired,Iwentonwiththework.,walkinginthestreet,Isawaroadaccident,While,Though,causing,wounded,.,44,现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake2).Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefounddoing作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。todo作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果,A,A,.,45,分词的逻辑主语:分词的逻辑主语一般为_,但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者不一致时，分词前必须有自己的主语，e.g.Ifweatherpermits,wewillhaveafieldtrip.Weatherpermitting,wellhaveafieldtriptomorrow这被称为_。时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔.Timepermitting,wewillvisitmyuncleonmywaytoHangzhou.,主句的主语,分词的独立结构,.,46,1)_(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.2)Generallyspeaking,when_(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If_(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,.,47,*但有些分词作状语属习惯用法，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。如：Judgingfromtheexpressiononhisface,hehadfailedthedrivingtestagainGenerallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.类似的还有:SpeakingofTalkingof,.,48,1._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose2.HesentmeanE-mail,_togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope,loseoneselfinsth.表示“陷入”，主语he为lose的宾语。,注意hoping为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的toget。,C,B,.,49,3.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun4.Findinghercarstolen,_.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp,once在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，故该用过去分词。,本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。,D,D,.,50,动名词的复合结构,动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：做主语时，必须用名词/代词所有格做宾语时，可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格TheyinsistonToms(his)stayinglonger.(有生命，做宾语)ShedidntmindJack(him)cominglate.(有生命，做宾语)Toms(his)comingiswhatwehaveexpected.(有生命，做主语)2.逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthematch?3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone时，只能用名词普通格。Shewasdisturbedbysomebodyshoutingoutside.,.,51,1)Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling2)_madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.MarysmarriedJimC.MarysmarryingJimD.MarysbeingmarriedJim,C,C,.,52,3).Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught4).Thenoiseof_couldbeheardoutinthestreet.A.desksopeningandclosingB.desksopenedandclosedC.desksbeingopenedandclosedD.desksbeingopenedandclosed,C,C,.,53,非谓语动词的时态语态和被动弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在,在谓语表示的动作之后,与谓语表示的动作同时发生,在谓语表示的动作之前,todo/tobedone,todo/tobedone/tobedoing;doing/beingdone;,done;tohavedone/tohavebeendone;havingdone/havingbeendone,.,54,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,细1：不定式的时态,.,55,(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.,(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.,(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作（几乎)同时发生或在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),不定式的时态,.,56,不定式的语态（主被动）,注意：1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式用主动。Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?(Akeyunlocksthedoor)2.不定式和它所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动。(以主语为准）Iknowwhattodo.(Idowhat)Heneedsaroomtolivein.(Helivesinaroom)Ihavegotalettertowrite.(Iwritealetter)Iknowwhatistobedone.(横线为宾语从句，而what是do的动作对象）,.,57,3.不定式前有说明该不定式特性的性质形容词(e.g.easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible等)，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动。（因为adj后往往被认为省去了forone/people)Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.(forsomeonetounderstandthebook)Heishardtotalkto.(foronetotalktohim)Thewaterisnotfittodrink.,.,58,细2：doing时态：如果动名词的动作与谓语动作没有明确的时间先后，多用一般式。e.g.Hiscomingwillbeofgreathelptous.Weareinterestedinplayingchess.如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，通常用完成时态。e.g.Imsorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.但在某些动词或词组后，通常只用动名词的一般式。e.g.Onhearingthebadnews,shecouldnthelpcrying.,.,59,分词的时态:,-ing/-ed+主句（不强调动作先后）;HavingdoneHavingbeendonee.g.1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.2.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.,现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动和被动结构；过去分词无时态和语态变化。,+主句,（强调时间先后）,.,60,高考题点击：Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying,D,A,wouldlovetohavedone表示本想去做，但没做成。,本题的关键是“whatcountryhestudiedin”，由此可知事情发生在过去。,.,61,3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen,本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。,remain后接todo，此处it指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。,D,B,.,62,5._tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed6._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered7.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited,该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。,C,A,D,.,63,8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,with+n./pron.+O.C.构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用settled表示已经解决了的问题；用beingsettled表示正在被解决的问题；用tobesettled表示将要被解决的问题。而此处的tosettle是用来作定语修饰前面的problems。另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。,C,.,64,非谓语动词题目三步走：,空格部分所需的是主句、从句、非谓语动词(即判断应填谓语/非谓语)主被动关系主动被动要根据它做的成分找一个参照物.比如说,非谓语作定语时要看与被修饰词的关系,作宾语补足语时要考虑和宾语的关系,作状语时要考虑和主语的关系.(如果是谓语的话,这一步就是在考虑用主动语态还是被动语态)时间先后顺序非谓语本身没有时态,只是表示与谓语动作的先后关系.如：不定式常表示没有发生的动作；而分词表示伴随发生的动作(有时可以有先后,但不强调先后),如果先于谓语动作发生,经常用havingdone(主动)或havingbeendone(被动).,.,65,一、分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”,_manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.,2._manytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit.,A.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.Thoughhewastold,C,_,A,注意连词,.,66,3.It_ahotday,wedbettergoswimming.,4._arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.,isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.been,C,E,注意标点符号,.,67,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。,二、1.找逻辑主语,1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.4.Convincedofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.,一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。,.,68,A.totakeB.takingC.tobetakenD.taken,D,B,Everything,they,1._everythingintoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.,2.Everything_intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.,.,69,2.分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,“Youcantcatchme!”Janeshouted,_away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing,Jane,thetwostudents,.,70,三、时间先后顺序-分析时态,1.Thebuilding_nowwillbearestaurant.,2.Thebuilding_nextyearwillbearestaurant.,3.Thebuilding_lastyearisarestaurant.,havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.built,_,C,_,B,_,D,.,71,非谓语动词的七大经典原则,.,72,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式（主动todo,被动tobedone）,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词（伴随状语表示主语的动作）,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式（一般位于主句之后）,原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。,原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致,原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（havingdone(主动)havingbeendone(被动)）,原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义,英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则,.,73,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_foraspaceflight.（2007江西卷）A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，故选D。如：Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._thiscake，youllneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.（2006广东卷）A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making,tocatchupthefirstbus.,.,74,3.Asthelightturnedgree