2015年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题及答案

2015年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1 It was unfortunate that she haderasedthe message.A heard of B rubbed out C looked at D spoken out2 He came back home, weary andfatigued.A exhausted B scared C worried D frightened3 The woman living next door is extremelyslender.A slim B tall C weak D pale4 Your accusation iswhollywithout foundation.A almost B probably C evidently D completely5 Hewas obsessed withAmerican horror movies.A kept thinking about B took advantage ofC paid no attention to D cared nothing about6 I have to apologize for myabruptdeparture yesterday.A late B sudden C unfriendly D untold7 I think she made ablunderby announcing it ahead of time.A decision B mistake C promise D plan8 Some astronomerscontendthat the universe may be younger than previously believedA predict B think C suggest D argue9 My room is really verycosy.A cool B cold C clean D comfortable10 She is a lovely andgraciouswoman.A curious B courteous C quiet D shy11 He nevergrumbledabout working overtime.A complained B talked C wrote D spoke12 Shehuggedme like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.A held B embraced C kissed D patted13 Differenthypotheseshave been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.A sentences B comments C theories D conclusions14 I must apologize for myoutrageousbehavior.A courageous B angry C greedy D glorious15 To start with, we need to decide who willpreside overthe meeting.A attend B celebrate C chair D prepare第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Cities “Worse to live in Than 20 Years ago”One thousand people were surveyed about a ranged of issue which affect cities ,and the remarkable findings show that life in todays mega-cities is so stressful that at least two-thirds of those currently living in big cities would like to relocate to the countryside or a small town.The stress of the getting from A to B in big cities is at the top of the list of problems. For many people, the daily commute (通勤) to work is a source of frustration. 40% of the people in the survey have suffered from road rage while stuck in traffic on the way to work.The cost of public transport is also a serious problem. Many people think the price of underground and bus travel is too high and that they have to devote more than 10% of their salary to transport costs.The general cost of living in cities is another problem. The high property prices in most big cities put buying a property out of reach of most first-time buyers. Many young people are priced out of the housing market, and have to take in lodgers to make ends meet, or rent over-priced flats miles away from the city centre. In London, for instance, the price of buying even a one-bedroom flat is so prohibitive that many have given up even considering putting money aside for a deposit.Another issue facing people who live in cities is rising crime. Crime rates have rocketed in many big cities, and many say there are several dangerous no-go areas in their city. Fear of crime is on the increase - street crimes, such as mugging and assault, are now very common - and many are afraid of going out at night alone.Many were also concerned by the lack of green spaces and play facilities for children. Most major conurbations (有卫星城的大都市) surveyed have a far smaller number of parks and gardens than a generation ago. Planning permission seems to have been given for an ever-greater number of supermarkets, office developments and apartments on sites where there were previously green spaces. Many of the respondents in the survey said they felt stressed and suffocated (窒息) in the city, a problem which is compounded by pollution.And finally, the majority of people in the survey were fed up with the constant noise pollution - the roar of traffic, the sound of loud music blaring (发刺耳声) out of a neighbours window, and the constant sound of activity. It is not surprising, then, that the levels of stress-related illnesses among people who live in cities are higher than ever before.Big cities, once a mecca (朝拜的地方) for ambitious people seeking fame and fortune, are now less and less popular among people of all ages. Perhaps the 21st century is set to be the century of the small town and the countryside. .16 Most people in the survey who live in big cities would like to move somewhere smaller.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 Many people in the survey think public transport is reasonably priced.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 It is difficult to buy a flat in London because of the cost.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 The crime rate has remained stable in recent years. .A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 There are fewer green areas in cities than there used to be.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 London has had some success in reducing pollution.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Noise pollution is seen as a big problem by most people in the survey.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有两项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中未第25段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”1) The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupils aged 1116), and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who say they would “seriously consider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.2) The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, and this means that fewer and fewer young people decide to be teachers. Joanne Manners, 24 is a good example. “ I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher training course to become a maths teacherbut when I looked into the details, it became clear that teaching isnt a very lucrative(赚钱的)job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher.”3) Its not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people dont want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Heres the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London:” I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”4) “ It makes me feel so proud.” Says Brian Jones, who works in a secondary school in London. So what does he think the government should do to encourage more people to become teachers?” “My view is that the government should reduce the burden of work on teachers. I find that I always have too much work to do.”5) The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also suggests that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people. Another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teachers can work, in order to reduce stress on teachers. “Hopefully,” the report concludes, “these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching, and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in the future.【题干】23. Paragraph 1_24. Paragraph 2_25. Paragraph 3_26. Paragraph 4_【选项】A . Heavy workload on teachersB. Improvement of children behaviorC. A report on teacher shortageD. A nationwide publicity campaignE. The problem of low salaryF. Students bad behavior and lack of discipline【题干】27. More and more young people are held back from teaching_.28. Parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are_29. The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease_.30. The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising_.【选项】A. their stressB. Their childhood memoriesC. discipline problemsD. because of its low payE. more trainingF. benefits第4部分 阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。Whats Killing the Bats?First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats ( M/otis Lucifugus), but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed bat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌) known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists dont know if the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾) , and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats cant eat enough food, they starve to death. till other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠) bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats. Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat l,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there arent enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat.While bats live a long time for their size - the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years - a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many batspecies in the United States are already protected or endangered.How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bats that seem tobe sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish & Wildlife Department with the details. However,be careful not to touch the animals.31 What is the main idea of this passage?A All species of bats in North America are dying.B Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats.C There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.D The bat deaths are a serious problem.32 What does the first sentence in Paragraph l mean?A The first article on the website is about bees.B Bees usually die before bats.C It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.D Bees have been dying mysteriously.33. The word pipistrelle in Paragraph l refers toA a kind of fungus. B an area in the U. SC a kind of bat. D a special cave.34.The moths in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example ofA insects that bats eat. B diseases that kill bats.C animals that have diseases. D bat species that are starving to death35 What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A To tell the public how to help bats.B To get people to stop killing bats.C To hire workers for the Fish & Wildlife DepartmentD To ask people not to touch dead bats.第二篇 Is There a Way to Keep Britains Economy Growing?In todays knowledge economy, nations design electronics while the Germans export survive on the things they do best. The Japanese engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesnt manufacture much of anything.But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank says the UKs four iconic (标志性的) jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, theyre hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can.Although the countrys trade deficit was more than $ 60 billion in 2006 , UKs largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical (制药lyj) industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services - accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock n roll is an English made by their cutting-edge bands. In other strength to carry the British economy.However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UKs exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in innovation activities , 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).In fact, it might be better to call Britain a servant economy - there are at least 4 million people in service. The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook) clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial ( 体力劳动的)jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector - in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes.36 According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs in Britain today isA law makers. B home servants.C schoolteachers. D business consultants.37 The phrase the cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA the most advanced. B the most popular.C the most political. D the proudest.38 The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006, because they believeA Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world.B Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.C the literary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds.D the world economy is strong enough to carry the British economy.39 Which of the following is true about the creative industries in Britain?A They contribute a lot to the countrys trade deficit.B They are not doing as well as those in other European nations.C They cant make a profit out of their innovation activities.D They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.40 It can be inferred from the passage thatA the gift of talking can keep the British economy growing.B the British government is over-confident in its economy.C the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU.D being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain.第三篇The Sandwich GenerationToday people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However, the reality is often very different. In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life.Around the world, there are millions of people who are sandwiched in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household - a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, peopleare living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States, for example, was about 40, whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons.lts also more common for todays young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial or emotional support.Young adults feel sandwiched between their financial responsibilities and their desire to enjoy life. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents future needs, such as special financial care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic (长期困扰的) exp