牛津高中英语模块四语言点.doc

牛津高中英语模块四语言点 Unit 1 Advertising一、Reading说服某人（不）做1. persuade sb (not) to do sth: persuade sb into(out of) doing sth:persuade sb that / of sth: 使某人相信 persuasion: pswein n. (1) 说服U (2) 信仰，信念singpersuasive: psweisiv adj. 有说服力的 How can we persuade her to come out with us? We persuaded him out of buying unnecessary things. We are persuaded of the justice of her case. 我们相信对她案件的审理是公正的。2. be meant to do sth: 旨在做；应该做 The program is meant to show the different stages of the progress. I think the police are meant to protect people.3. altogether: adv. (1) 完全地；(2) 总之；(3) 总计 I dont altogether agree with you. The weather was bad and the food was dreadful. Altogether the holiday was very disappointing. 天气又坏，吃的又糟。总之，这次假日很扫兴。 You owe me 68.03 dollars altogether.4. innocent: adj. (1) 无罪的，清白的 (2) 天真的，纯真的 innocence: n. 无罪，清白；纯真 be innocent of sth: 没犯罪He was innocent of murder. 他没犯谋杀罪。an innocent girl: 一个纯真的女孩 5. make a fool of sb: 愚弄fool sb into doing sth: 欺骗某人做 be no fool: 为人精明 You should not make a fool of yourself with this joke. Dont be fooled into believing into their promises. She is no fool in this case. She has earned much with great efforts.6. cure: vt. 治愈；解决 n. 药物，疗法；对策 (for) cure sb of sth: 治愈解决 The doctor cured her of cancer. The nasty shock cured him of his inquisitiveness forever. 那沉重的教训根除了他凡事爱打听的毛病。 What is the cure for the difficulty of the homeless?7. be pleased with sth: 对满意 be pleased at sth: 因为而高兴 be pleased to do sth: 乐意做；因为做而高兴 Are you pleased with you new flat? All the teachers are pleased at the exam result. The Governor is pleased to accept the invitation. 总督欣然接受了邀请。8. comment on make a comment on sth: 评论 comment that: no comment: 无可奉告 Have you any comment(s) to make on the recent development? 你对最近的时态发展有什么评论吗? Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister commented that no decision had been made yet. 首相对询问选举日期一事称尚未作出决定。 -Will you resign?-No comment.9. fall for sth: 上的当；爱上 They met, fell for each other, and got married six weeks later. The salesman said the car was in good condition, and I was foolish enough to fall for it.10. play a trick on sb: 欺骗捉弄 trick sb into doing sth: 欺骗某人做 trick / cheat sb out of sth: 骗取某人 Clients were tricked into doing the business. Her partner tried to trick her out of her share. 她的合伙人企图骗走她的股份。11. aim: n. 目标，目的； 瞄准 take aim at sth: 瞄准 He has only one aim in lifeto become rich. Take careful aim at the target before firing. vt. 瞄准，针对 aim sth at sb: 把瞄准；将针对 be aimed at sth: 瞄准针对；旨在 He aimed the gun at the door. This anti-smoking campaign is mainly aimed at young teenagers. The measures are aimed at gaining complete control over the government. vi. 瞄准，对准(at) 致力于，旨在 aim at sth: 瞄准 aim at / for sth: 力争 aim at doing sth: 致力于旨在做 The hunter aimed at the lion and fired. She is aiming at / for the scholarship. We aimed at doubling our production. 【例题】1. The farmers built long fences, _ keeping the wild dogs out of them. A. aim at B. aim for C. aiming at D. aiming for 答案为C。 2. The education program_ combining brain work with manual labor is being widely spread through the country. A. to aim at B. aim at C. having aim at D. aimed at 答案为D。12. benefit: (1) vt. & vi. 有益；受益 benefit sb: 有益于 benefit from sth: 受益于 These facilities have benefited the whole town. Who can benefit most from the new tax law? (2) n. 益处U；救济金，保险金U，C be of benefit to sb / be beneficial to sb: 对有益 The credit cards will be of great benefit to our customers. Many laid-off workers in the city live on unemployment benefits.13. When it comes to sth / speaking of sth: 当谈到时 When it comes to classical music, we often think of Beethoven.14. promote: vt. (1)促进，增进 The organization works to promote friendship between nations. (2) 提升，晋升 promote sb to sth: He was promoted to sergeant(中士). (3) 宣传，推销 Your job is to promote the new book. promotion: prmun n. 提升，晋升；促进，推销15. consult: v. 咨询，请教；商量；查阅 consult sb about sth: 就咨询某人 consult with sb about sth: 与某人商量 More people are consulting him about social security(社会保障). He went to town consulting his doctor. consult a dictionary. The president consulted with European leaders about refugee issues before taking action.二、Grammar1. recommend: vt. 推荐，建议，劝告，介绍recommend that / doing sth: 建议.recommend sb to sth: 建议某人做向某人推荐.recommend sth to sb:recommend sb sth:recommend sb for sth / as sth: 推荐某人做为 He recommended that we (should) read the novel. I recommend buying the dictionary. The government always recommends people to live on their own. I will recommend him as the general manager.2. purchase: vt. 购买，采购n. 采购；购买的东西 purchaser: n. 购买人 purchasing power: 购买力 The purchase price figures out at about two million dollars. 交易的价格计算在200万美元左右。 China has sent two large purchasing groups to the U.S. since last year. 去年以来,中国向美国派去两个庞大的采购团. Inflation reduces the purchasing power of people living on fixed incomes. 靠固定收入生活的人其购买力因通货膨胀而下降. 三、Task1. multiply: (1) vt. 乘，使乘以 Four multiplied by five is twenty. 使成倍增加 Such examples could be multiplied indefinitely.这样的例子不胜枚举。 使繁殖 Hot weather multiplied the bacteria in the food rapidly. (2) vi. 迅速增加；繁殖 As we climbed up the mountain, the dangers and difficulties multiplied. Rabbits multiply quickly.2. be optimistic about sth: 对乐观 She is not optimistic about the outcome.3. think twice about doing sth: 慎重考虑 You should think twice about employing someone youve never met.4. bargain: n. 便宜货；协议 vi. 讨价还价 make a bargain with sb: 与达成协议be a bargain: 真便宜 Thats / Its a bargain. 一言为定at a bargain: 以低价bargain with sb about / over sth: 就与某人讨价还价 John made a satisfactory bargain with him. It is a real bargain. 真便宜 I bought the painting at a bargain. We bargained with her about the computer.5. get into sth: (1) 穿上 (2) 开始从事 (3) 开始参与 (4) 得到形成 (5) 熟悉 I cant get into these shoes; they are too small. 这双鞋太小了，我穿不进去。 He got into publishing in 1978. 他1978年开始从事出版业。 get into an argument: 开始争论。 get into bad habits: 染上恶习。 I havent got into my new job yet. 我还未熟悉新工作。四、Project1. reach: vt. 与取得联系；影响 Reach her at home on 0355-694162. 拨打0355-694162到她家联系她。2. have sth in mind: 记得，想到 have sth on ones mind: 担心 What do you have in mind when seeing the scene? My daughter has been on my mind so much lately because I still havent got any letters from her. 我最近很担心我女儿，因为我仍然没有收到她的任何来信。3. figure out sth: 想出，理解，计算出 Can you figure out what to do?4. determine: vt. 确定，查明；决定 determine sth: 确定，查明；决定 determine to do sth: 决定做 determine what happened exactly. He determined to learn Greek.5. determined: adj. 有决心的；坚定的；坚决的 determination: ditminein n. 决心，毅力，决定 be determined to do sth: 决心做 a determined attitude. I am determined to find out who is responsible for this. Obama has many measures since he took office, _ to strengthen the American economy.A. determined B. determine C. being determined D. to be determined答案为A。6. appeal: (1) vi. 恳求，呼吁；吸引；上诉appeal to sb for sth: 向某人恳求呼吁appeal to sb to do sth: 恳求呼吁某人做appeal to sb against sth: 就向上诉appeal to sb: 吸引 The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime. She appealed to the kidnappers to release her son. The book doesnt appeal to me. She appealed to the high court against her sentence(判决). (2) n. 恳求，呼吁；吸引力；上诉 an appeal for help: 恳求帮助 The new fashion soon lost its appeal.7. get sb to do sth: 让某人做 get sth done: 让被做 I dont know how to get other students to talk with me. The mother get her baby hanged on her back. 这个母亲把她的小孩背在背上。8. be concerned with sth: 涉及；关心 be concerned about sth: 关心，担心（=be concerned with） We will not be concerned with the development of the subject in this area. The program of this morning is concerned with earthquake prediction.9. get sth across (to sb): 把传达给；使某人理解 He is good at getting his ideas across.10. put sth together: 整理出；拼凑；组装 Put a machine together.11. educate sb on / about sth: 在方面教育 We must educate people on the importance of protecting the environment.12. convince sb to do sth: 说服某人做 What convinced you to vote for them?13. urge: vt. (1) 敦促，力劝 (2) 极力主张，强调 n. 强烈的欲望，冲动 urge sb to do sth: 敦促力劝某人做 urge that: 极力主张，强调(从句用should do，should 可以省略) The headmaster urged us to hand in our homework. My friends urged that we should apply for the position.14. shock sb into doing sth: 提醒某人做 We must shock people into noting the harm caused by the typhoon.15. die of sth: 死于(内因) die from sth: 死于(外因) The patient died of heart attack. Many drivers die from the accident caused by drunken driving.Unit 2 Sports events一、Reading1. be delighted to do sth: 乐意做be delighted that: 很高兴be delighted at sth: 因为而高兴 We are delighted that you have come here. I was delighted at the news that he had passed the exam.2. significance: n. 重要性，意义 be of significance: 重要，有意义 So far, research hasnt produced anything of great significance. What is the significance of the contract?3. every: 每隔every + 基数词 + n(复数): 每.every + 序数词 + n(单数): 每到第.every other + n(单数): 每隔一every few + n(复数): 每隔几 every 3 weeks: 每三周（每隔两周） every third week: 每到第三周（每隔两周） every other line: 每隔一行 every few days: 每隔几天4. compete: vi. 比赛，竞争 compete with / against sb for sth: 与某人就比赛竞争competition: kmpitin n. 比赛，竞争competitive: kmpetitiv adj. 比赛的，竞争的competitor: kmpetit n. 比赛者，竞争者 She is competing with her sister for attention(争宠). boxing / chess / beauty competition competitive sports: 竞争性体育运动5. bring sth to life: 赋予以生命；使生动 bring sth back to life: 使重生In the story the artists brought the statue to life.6. under the name of sth: 以为别名笔名 He wrote his novels under the name of John.7. absence: n. 不在，缺席，缺乏 in / during ones absence: 在不在时in the absence of sth: 由于缺乏 The accident happened in / during your absence. Police had to release the boy in the absence of hard evidence. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 人不见，心更念；久别情更深。8. gold medal: 金牌 silver medal: 银牌 bronze medal: 铜牌9. hang on: vi. (1) 紧紧抓住 (2) 稍等 (3) 坚持不懈 hang on to sth: (1) 保留，保存 (2) 抓紧 We all hung on as the bus swung around a sharp bend(急转弯). Hang on! I will be back in a minute. I know you are tired, but try to hang on a bit longer. I should hang on to those old photosthey may be valuable. Hang on to that rope, and dont let go. 抓紧那根绳子，不要松手。10. attempt: n. & vi. 尝试，努力；试图，企图尝试试图努力做 attempt to do sth: make an attempt to do sth: in an attempt to do sth: 为了. Every time I attempt to convince her, she will shout at me. In an attempt to control the inflation, the government took many measures.11. push the boundary of sth: 挑战的极限这个短语还有如下出现形式：push boundaries；push boundaries of sth；push the boundaries of sth。其含义是： 1. extend something beyond limits 将某事物延伸超出界限；2.go beyond the usual limits 突破通常限制或约束；开拓，开辟；拓展 Nowadays some people are wearing a good-looking USB drive around the neckas a necklace whichpushes boundaries of taste. 现在有些人在脖子上带个漂亮的U盘当做项链，U盘项链拓展了品味的概念界限。 Wen Jiaobao is trying to push Chinas political boundaries.温家宝正努力突破中国的政治常规。 M.I.A. said she makes music to push the boundaries of her own creativity, rather than please anyone else.M.I.A.说她制作音乐目的在于开拓她自己的创造力，而不是取悦于什么人。12. join sb in doing sth: 和一起做 Mother joins me in sending you our best wishes.二、project1. enter sth into sth: 把输入加入到中 He showed me how to enter data into the computer.2. meet the requirement: 满足要求3. in order fro sb to do sth: 为了使某人 in order for sth to be done: 为了使某事被 In order for him to write the essay well, she helped him collect more information. in order for the survey to be conducted effectively, we have made full preparations.4. budget: n. 预算C vt. & vi. 编制预算；安排 budget sth for sb: 为编制预算 budget sth: 安排 budget for sth: 为编制预算 The budgeted one million dollars for a new library. She is extremely busy, so she has to budget her time carefully. The old couple budgeted for the coming year. Its essential to balance ones budget.量入为出是很重要的。 She tried to keep her monthly budget below $ 400.5. make way for sth: 给让路；让位于 The people stepped aside to make way for the riders.6. score: v. 得（分），进球 n. 分数；进球；比分；二十 基数词 + score + n: 几十 scores of sth: 许多的，大量的 He scored in the final minute of the game. score a goal: 进一个球。 Two score books are donated to the students. Chinese badminton team defeated the Japanese team by a score of 5 to 1.7. be out of the tournament: 比赛出局。8. keep a close watch on sth: 密切注视keep a close watch on the enemys movements. 密切注视敌人动向。9. tie: (1) vt. 打成平局；系，绑，捆 tie sth up: 系住；停泊；捆绑 be tied with sb: 与打成平局 We tied our boat up along the port. tie his feet up. At the end of the season, we are tied with the Japanese team. (2) n. 领带；关系；绳子，带子；平局 The ties of our friendship will last forever. Each team scored twice and the game ended in a tie. 每个队都有两次得分，打成平局。10. The eagles went home angry and bitter. (Page 39, Line 14)划线部分为形容词作状语，表示伴随状态。 _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. Surprisedly 答案为B。11. drop: vt. 停止；淘汰；放弃 I am going to drop badminton and play soccer instead.Unit 3 Tomorrows world一、Reading1. connect: vt. (1)连接，连结 connect sth to / with sth: This railway connects London with Edinburgh. We can connect the machine to the your hi-fi device. These appliances should not be connected to the power supplies. (2) 联系 connect sth with sth: 把与联系起来 be connect with sth: 与有关 He was connected with that crime. vi. 连接，连结 sth connect to / with sth: The wire connects with that one.2. add to sth: 增加The bad weather added to our difficulties.3. give out: vt. (1)分发，发布； (2) 发出； (3)发表 give out leaflets: 分发传单 The sun gives out heat. The news was given out on the radio. vi. 耗尽，用光 My money began to give out.4. be disappointed with sb / sth: 对失望 de disappointed at sth: 因为而失望 be disappointed to do sth: 对做感到失望 I was disappointed with his performance. She was disappointed at losing the game. He was disappointed to hear that they were not coming.5. convenience: n. 方便，便利，便利设施for convenience: 为了方便起见 at ones convenience: 在方便的时候 convenience food: 方便食品 convenience store: 便利店 We bought the house for convenience, its near the school. We should(会) be grateful if you would reply at your earliest convenience.6. bring sth alive: 使变得有趣 He added to some humor to bring the story alive.7.in reality事实上，实际上in factas a matter of factactually 二、Grammar1. make a profit: 获利 They made a profit of ten pence on every copy they sell. 他们每售出一本获利十便士。2. respectively: 分别地，各自地 The salesclerks and the teachers got pay rise of 6% and 9% respectively.3. close (sth) down: vt. & vi. 关闭；倒闭，停业 close the shop down. Many businesses have closed down because of the recession. 因为经济衰退许多企业纷纷倒闭。指控某人4. accuse sb of sth: charge sb with sth:He was accused of theft. / He was charged with theft.5. fade: vt. 使褪色 The strong sunlight has faded the curtains. vi. 褪色，凋落，衰弱 fade away: 逐渐消失，衰弱，变弱 The flowers faded for want of water. The color fades when exposed to light. The sound of the footsteps faded awaty.6. Its about / high time + 从句: 该做了。（从句多用一般现在时） Its about / high time we went to the beach for a rest.7. chief: (1) adj. 主要的，首要的，首席的 -in-chief: 总的；为首的；最高级别的 commander-in-chief: 总司令 editor-in-chief: 总编辑 chef-in-chief: 主厨 Smoking is one of the chief causes of lung cancer. (2) n. 首领，首长；酋长 Police chief: 警察局长三、Project1. on the shore: 在岸上2. blow sth up: (1) 给充气 (2) 炸毁 (3) 放大（照片） I blew the tyre up last night. The police station was blown up by terrorists. What a lovely photo! Why havent you blown it up?3. in terror: 惊恐地 The citizens fled in terror when the earthquake occurred.4. push sth up: 使增加上涨 A shortage of building land will push property values up. 建筑用地缺乏将造成房地产价格上涨。5. zip: (1) n. 拉链 do up your zip: 拉上你的拉链 undo your zip: 拉开你的拉链 (2) v. (使)快速移动，拉上拉链 zip (sth) up: 拉上的拉链 zip sth open / shut: 拉开拉上的拉链 We zipped through the customs and went aboard the plane. Would you please zip me up? The jacket zips open easily. 这夹克衫的拉链很容易拉开。 He zipped the suitcase shut.6. evolve: vt. & vi. (使)逐渐形成 vi. 进化 evolution: ,evlun,i:vlu:n n. 进化论； 演变，逐步发展 The American constitution was planned; the British constitution evolved. 美国宪法是精心制定的，英国宪法是约定俗成的。 He has evolved a new theory after many years of research. 经过多年的研究，他逐渐形成新的理论。 Many animals evolved from lower forms of life. 许多动物由