商务英语2012年期中小测.doc

一、短语汉译英1、依法实施 enforce by low2、作出赔偿 make compersations3、发盘 make offer 4、共同基金 the common pool，the mutual fund5、腾出资金 release of funds6、运输保险 cargo insurance7、已知的保费 known premium8、航空运输 air freight/transport/traffic , airport traffic / air transport9、零库存系统 just-in-time inventory systems10、商业全球化 globalization of business11、电子数据交换 EDI electronic data inter change12、FOB free on board 装运港船上交货13、国际商会 International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)14、贸易惯例 trade practice15、滚装滚卸运输 roll-on and roll-off traffic16、合同正文 the contract proper17、寄售交易 consignment transactions18、购货确认书 sale(purchase)confirmation19、资金周转 capital turnover20、循环信用证 revolving credit21、双重保障 the double assurance22、不可撤销信用证 the irrevocable credit(L/C)23、仲裁 arbitration24、自有承运人 private carriers25、生产方式 the method of product /production approach26、总计 amount to / add up to27、保证金 margin28、紧急需要 in emergency need29、超过了 exceed;over above 30、托运人 consignor ;the shipper31、货交承运人FCA free from carrier32、近海的 the short -sea33、目的港 port of destination34、缔约双方 the contracting parties35、不可抗力 force majeure36、有效期 validity period 37、首次询盘 first enquiry38、贴现 dicount39、光票信用证 clean credit40、远期承兑交单 D/A documents aganist acceptance 二、句子汉译英1、还盘是对发盘的拒绝，一旦作出还盘，原报盘即失效而失去约束力。(P123)A counter-offer is a refusal of the offer which will be invalid and unbinding once a counter-offer is made.2、毫无疑问，一个没有先进的运输系统的社会仍是原始落后的社会。(P202)There is no doubt that a society without an advanced transportation system remains primitive.3、保险是一种风险转移机制，通过保险，个人或企业将生活中的一些不确定因素转移给其他人。(P214)Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism, by which the individual or the business enterprise can shift some of the uncertainty of life to the shoulders of others.4、在即期信用证情况下，提示汇票和正确无误的单据后便立即付款。(P176)In the case of sight credits, payment can be made promptly upon presentation of draft and impeccable shipping documents.5、只要存在比较优势，两个贸易伙伴便都能够分享贸易所获，利用比较利益而进行贸易能够在各国间提高效益，因为这样做可以改善一个国家的经济状况而不损害另一个国家的境况。(P69) Where comparative advantage exists , two trading parners are both able to share in the gains from trade. Trade to exploit comparative advantage promotes efficiency among coutries , since it can make one country better off without making another worse off . 6、保险货物是一种目的在于把风险从进口商和出口商的肩上转移到专门承担风险的保险人一方的活动。(P214)Cargo insurance is an activity aiming at moving the burden of risk from the exporters and importers to the underwriters.7、将受损人的利益恢复到损害发生前的相同状态就是赔偿原则。(P216) Indemnity（赔偿） holds that a contract of insurance is one which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was in before the loss occurred.8、赔偿金额一般包括发票金额加上运输费用及保险费再加上一个商定的百分比，如10%；(P225)The compensation payable generally includes the invoiced cost plus freight, the insurance premium, and an agreed percentage, say 10%.9、将受损失人的利益恢复到损害发生前的状态的合同就算保险合同。(P225)A contract of insurance is one which restores a person who has suffered a loss into the same position as he was in before the loss occurred.10、实质上，反向贸易指的是各种货物和服务的直接交换，由于反向贸易经常是在欠发达国家和计划经济国家之间进行的，它一般与这些国家的经济政策目标相联系的。11、期权(选择权)是指在特定的时间内按规定的价格购买或出售一种证券的权利；(P282)Options are contracts giving the right to buy or sell a security at an agreed price within a particular period of time.12、政府满足公共部门借贷需要的方法之一就是出售金边债券。(P282)One of the ways the government meets the public Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling gilt-edged stocks.13、跨国公司是在一个以上的国家拥有、控制和经营资产的商业组织。(P67)A multinational enterprise is a business organization that owns, controls and manages assets in more than one country.14、除了国际总部外，跨国公司还有各种地区性的私营方面的分部。15、国际货币基金组织旨在向那些付款方面有困难的基金会员国家提供中期贷款。(P255)The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term loans to those members with payment difficulties.16、调整措施应该特别有力，以大大加强国际收支地位。三、英汉互译P1491、Translate the following passage into Chinese: Documentary collection is a means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.跟单托收是一种付款方法，当货物汇票所示金额付清后，或客户承兑汇票作为指定日期付款的契约时，货物才交给买方。 The exporter sends the bill of exchange and the shipping documents to his bank, which forwards them to a bank in the customers country. This bank, or the exporters agents in the country concerned, takes the documents to the customer. If it is a sight bill the customer pays the amount directly. If it is a time bill he signs the bill, which means he has “accepted” it for payment within a certain specified time. In return for either payment or acceptance of payment, the customer is handed the shipping documents which give title to the goods.出口商把汇票和货物单据交给他的银行，该银行再将汇票和单据交给客户国家的银行。该银行或出口商在有关国家的代理把单据交给客户。如果是即期汇票，客户便直接支付。如果是远期汇票，他在汇票上签字，意思是承兑该汇票，在指定时间内付款。 The customer now has authority to collect the goods, which may already have arrived at the port of destination. The customers bank forwards the money, which it has received, to the exporters bank, which pay the exporter for the goods.现在客户便有权提货，该货物可能已到达目的港，客户的银行将收到的货款转给出口商的银行，该银行即把货款付给出口商。2、Translate the following passage into English: 在跟单托收中(In documentary collection，)出口商将汇票以及代表货物所有权的装运单据寄给其银行(the exporter sends the draft and the shipping documents representing title to the goodds to his bank,)，该银行将汇票和单据转给进口商所在国的另外一家银行，这家银行再联系客户。(which forwards them to another bank in the importers country ,which in turn contacts the customer.)在付款交单的情况下，只有在货款付清后，才把单据交给进口商(In the case of documents against paymemt(D/P),documents will not be released to the importer until payment is effected.) 付款交单有即期和远期两种形式。(There are D/P at sight and D/P after sight