四级冲刺准备.doc

阐述主题题型作文写作步骤1、目前污染问题已经成为人们普遍关注的一个问题；2、造成污染问题的原因；3、解决办法。第一段：主题句：_has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：1、Wherever we turn, we find _.2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：主题句：The real problem with _ is _.扩展句：1、It is _ that _.2、It is also _ that _.3、Ironically, it is _ itself that _.第三段：结尾句：We must do something to solve _.扩展句：1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of _.2、Then we _3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to _can this problem be solved.框架填充第一段：主题句： Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.扩展句：1、Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.2、And this is threatening the survival of the human race.第二段：主题句：The real problem with pollution is people.扩展句：1、It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.2、It is also people that destroy tbiologic balance of nature.3、Ironically, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants.第三段：结尾句：We must do something to solve our environmental problems.扩展句：1、First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.2、Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.3、Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.范文Pollution has become a serious problem about which we worry.Wherever we turn, we find pollution: polluted air, polluted water, polluted food and polluted environment.And this is threatening the survival of the human race.The real problem with pollution is people.It is people that throw millons of tons of waters into rivers, lakes and seas.It is also people that destroy tbiologic balance of nature. Ironically, it is the people themselves that must breathe, eat and drink their own pollutants.We must do something to solve our environmental problems.First of all,we must let everyone see the imprtance of keeping our enviroment clean.Then we make more strict laws to protect our surroundings from being spoiled.Only when everyone makes a joint-effcet to eliminate pollution can this problem be solved.正反观点题型作文写作步骤1、加入WTO给我们带来的好处；2、加入WTO给我们带来的不利方面；3、我们该如何做。作文框架结构第一段：文章的开头开篇句句：_finally succeeded in _ after manys efforts.扩展句：_ will influence _ greatly.第二段：表达正面观点主题句：_ brings _ many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：1、As _ , _ can _.2、Whats more, _.第三段：表达反面观点主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：1、_ can also bring us some challenges. For example, _.2、In addition, it will be more difficult for _ to _, as _.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法结尾句：However, _ does more good than harm to _.扩展句：What we should do is to _.正反观点作文填充框架第一段：文章的开头开篇句句： China finally succeeded in jointing the WTO after manys efforts.扩展句： This event will influence the economy in China greatly.第二段：表达正面观点主题句： Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.扩展句：1、As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.2、Whats more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with less pay.第三段：表达反面观点主题句：Every thing has two aspects.扩展句：1、 Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges. For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition.2、In addition, it will be more difficult for us to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.第四段：结尾，表明自己看法结尾句：However, this great event does more good than harm to us.扩展句：What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.范文China finally succeeded in jointing the WTO after manys efforts.This event will influence the economy in China greatly.Jointing the WTO brings China many benefits and opportunities.As a member coutry, China can enjoy many rights that can boost the development of the economy in China.Whats more, the Chinese people can buy productd of high quality with less pay.Every thing has two aspects.Joining the WTO can also bring us some challenges. For example, some producers may be wiped out because of the intense competition. In addition, it will be more difficult for us to get a job, as the requirement for the employees will become higher.However, this great event does more good than harm to us.What we should do is to improve ourselves to become qualified for certain positions and live a better life.图表题型作文写作步骤1、下图所示为1978年，1985年1997年中国贫困线以下人口的变化情况，请先描述其变化。2、请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从改革开放、高科技在生产中的应用等）3、你认为解决目前中国贫困人口还有什么困难或者问题。架构阶段第一段：说明图表开篇句：As the bar chart shows, _ during the years of _ to _.扩展句：1、As early as _.2、Then _ years later, _.3、And arriving in the year _, _.第二段：解释图表变化原因主题句：Several factors contribute to _.扩展句：1、_. (原因1)2、And _.(原因2)3、Furthermore, _ (原因3)4、All these result in _.第三段：提出解决办法结尾句： However, _ is faced with some problems.扩展句：1、With _, _, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging.2、So my principle is to pay due attention to _, but not just to _.填充阶段第一段：说明图表开篇句：As the bar chart shows, the number of people below the poverty line decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to 1997.扩展句：1、As early as 1978, about 250 million people were under the poverty line.2、Then seven years later, the number became three fifths that of 1978.3、And arriving in the year 1997, the number was reduced to 50 millions.第二段：解释图表变化原因主题句：Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease of the below-poverty population.扩展句：1、 The reform and opening following 1978 enabled the peasants to become much better off. (原因1)2、 And with the development of Chinese economy, that policy also omproved city dwellers lives greatly.(原因2)3、 Furthermore, the high-tech introduced made it possible for the countrys economy as a whole to take off. (原因3)4、 All these result in the great fall of the Chinese population below the poverty line.第三段：提出解决办法结尾句： However, a further decrease in the number of poverty-stricken people is faced with some problems.扩展句：1、 With quite few employees being laid off, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging.2、So my principle is to pay due attention to the newcomers, but not just to care for the poor, say , in remote mountain areas.范文As the bar chart shows, the number of people below the poverty line decreased dramatically during the years of 1978 to 1997.As early as 1978, about 250 million people were under the poverty line.Then seven years later, the number became three fifths that of 1978.And arriving in the year 1997, the number was reduced to 50 millions.Several factors contribute to the sharp decrease of the below-poverty population. The reform and opening following 1978 enabled the peasants to become much better off.And with the development of Chinese economy, that policy also omproved city dwellers lives greatly.Furthermore, the high-tech introduced made it possible for the countrys economy as a whole to take off.All these result in the great fall of the Chinese population below the poverty line.However, a further decrease in the number of poverty-stricken people is faced with some problems.With quite few employees being laid off, the effect of which is not only discouraging, but also challenging.So my principle is to pay due attention to the newcomers, but not just to care for the poor, say , in remote mountain areas.听力:听力关键词：一、转折性词汇：课堂上强调了很多的涵义发生180度转弯的BUT转折题，要学会听BUT，还有yet, however, though, whereas, unfortunately, unexpectedly,instead, rather than, other than, to be frank, frankly speaking, to tell you the truth,etc.二、逻辑类词汇：就是因为所以不但而且这一类的词，表原因的because, because of, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, now that, according to, 表结果的therefor, so, as a result, consequently, eventually, 表递进的apart from, in addition, furthermore, whats more, moreover,etc.三、最高级词汇：形容词和副词的最高级永远是最需要关注的，most importantly, the most popular. the biggest of.四、事实罗列词汇：在这些词汇后就是关键和重要的事实性息，actually, in fact, as a matter of fact,etc.五、序数词后面，最重要的是the first, firstly and finally.六、情态动词：sb.has got to, can , could, may, might, need,should, ought to,etc.七、重要形容词：表示重要的词，important, crucial, chief,major,significant, the only, unique, essential, necessary, vital, etc. 重要场景词：一、机场(飞机上) 重点1.机场地点Security check(安检处) Gate(登机口) Terminal (航站楼)Check-in counter (换票柜台) Customs (海关)2. 机场人物Airhostess/stewardess (空姐) steward (空哥、空少) flight attendant (飞机乘务员)3. 飞机动作Take off/land (起飞、降落) ascend/descend(上升、下降)postpone/delay/cancel (推迟、延迟、取消)最近题目例句：(2007-12)I hope you are packed and ready to leave. (我希望你已经打包完毕准备出发了)I have packed my passport in one of my bags. (我把护照装在一个包里了)二、餐厅 重点1.点菜：Order menu wine list (酒单) alcohol steak French Fries (薯条)2. 埋单：Check the bill please!(埋单!) Treat (请客) split the bill (分开付)三、酒店 次重点最新考点(2007-6/12)Reservation (高频词,预定) honeymoon suite (07年6月词汇，蜜月套间)hotel clerk (07年6月词汇，等于receptionist) discount (07年6月词汇, 折扣)free continental breakfast (07年6月词汇，免费的清淡早餐)四、图书馆 重点1.书籍：journal 学术类刊物 (08-6)原句：did you check the pile of the journals you borrowed for the library the other day?(你查过那一摞头几天从图书馆借来的学刊了么?)volume 卷 current/back issue 现/过刊 periodical 期刊2.人物：librarian 图书管理员重点主题短语词汇分析(必备+必背)Campus life 校园生活1. 作业词汇：assignment paper essays book/research report composition 作文textbook教科书/reference book参考书(07-6) copy 副本搭配词汇还有：be through with sth 结束，完成(两次考到)due 到期 have sbs hands full with sth 忙于做某事(07-12)2. 课程形式词汇：Seminar(06-6、07年6月词汇，研讨会) 原句： do you have the seminar schedule with you?(你有研讨会的日程表么?)optional course/elective (选修课) evening/day course (晚间/白天课程 09-12词汇)compulsory course/requirement (必修课) presentation (多次考到，展示或演示课)09-12出现的一些新课程名称：advanced physics (高级物理) data processing (数据处理)computer programming (计算机程序)3 名称freshman(大一) sophomore(大二) junior(大三) senior(大四)(05年考点)graduate(毕业生) undergraduate (在校生，本科生) postgraduate (研究生)tutor(导师) graduate school (研究生院)Job hunting 求职 (长对话重点)Job applicant candidate (06-6、08-12 候选人) apply for applicationPosition/post (多次考到。职位) resume (简历，注意发音，多次考到)recruit (连续考到。招聘) reputation(声望。06-6/09-12出现)resign (退休，多次考到)benefit (package) (福利，两次考到) paid vacation (带薪假期)social security (美国的社会保险) relocation expenses (异地补偿费用)phased retirement (08-12 阶段性退休) be laid off (解雇 09-12考点)hotel consultant (08-6 酒店咨询) sales manager(08-12 销售经理)Administrative work (08-12 行政工作)2008-6the job will involve much train travel (工作中会经常有火车旅行的机会)tell me about your present job.2008-12There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales managers job. And finallyit was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified(合格).(20个候选人竞争销售经理的职位。最后就剩我们三个了，不过那两个人看起来胜算更大。)promotion(09-6/12连续考到)09-6 I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled.(我听说你升职了，你开心死了吧)not really, the new office is huge,but the work load has doubled.(也不见得，新办公室挺大的，但是工作量也翻倍了)alter v. 改变，改动，变更dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)consume v. 消耗，耗尽spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，candidate n. 候选人campus n. 校园liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的transform v. 转变，变革；transmit v. 传播，播送；传递transplant v. 移植transport vat. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具shift v. 转移；转动；转变vary v. 变化，改变，使多样化swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的mild a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的boundary n. 分界线，边界vague a. 模糊的，不明确的extreme a. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，过分agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏approve v. 赞成，同意，批准stimulate vt. 刺激，激励acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会battery n. 电池（组）barrier n. 障碍；棚栏career n. 生涯，职业petroleum n. 石油delay vt/n. 推迟，延误，耽搁route n. 路；路线；航线ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，pl.废墟scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度temple n. 庙宇tend vi.易于，趋向trend n. 趋向，倾向tendency n.趋向，趋势ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端undergo v. 经历，遭受abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写 vt. 使适应bachelor n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉vacant a. 空的，未占用的organ n. 器官，风琴excess n. 过分，过量，过剩expend v. 消费expand v. 扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀expense n. 开销，费用private a. 私人的，个人的individual a. 个别的，单独的 n. 个人，个体personal a. 个人的，私人的；亲自的personnel n. 总称 人员，员工；人事部门grant vt. 授予，同意，准予grand a. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的acknowledge v. 承认；致谢calendar n. 日历，月历optimistic a. 乐观outstanding a. 杰出的，突出的，显著的export n. 出口（物） v. 出口，输出import n. 进口（物） v. 进口，输入impose vt. 把.加强(on)；采用，利用religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰victim n. 牺牲品，受害者offend v. 冒犯，触犯bother v. 打搅，麻烦internal a. 内部的，国内的beforehand ad. 预先，事先radiation n. 放射物，辐射range n. 幅度，范围 v. （在某范围内）变动wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹 v. 想知道，对.感到疑惑isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立issue n. 问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期ban vt. 取缔，禁止valley n. 山谷，峡谷consistent a. 坚固定；一致的，始终如一的continuous a. 继续的，连续（不断）的explore v. 勘探removal n. 除去，消除identify vt. 认出，鉴定 n. 身份；个性，特性poverty n. 贫穷resistant a. (to) 抵抗的，抗.的，耐.的resolve vt. 解决；决定，决意adult n. 成年人advertise v. 为.做广告agency n. 代理商，经销商focus v. （使）聚集 n. 焦点，中心，聚焦forbid vt. 不许，禁止debate n. /v. 辩论，争论debt n. 欠债decade n. 十年global a. 全球的；总的scan vt. 细看；扫描；浏览significance n. 意义；重要性virtue n. 美德，优点virtual a. 实际上的，事实上的target n. 目标，靶子 vt. 瞄准decline v. 拒绝，谢绝；下降illusion n. 错觉emotion n. 情感，感情awful a. 极坏的，威严的，可怕的necessity n. 必需品；必要性pursue vt. 追逐；追求；从事，进行deserve vt. 应受，应得，值得professional a. 职业的，专门的security n. 安全，保障talent n. 才能，天资；人才nevertheless ad. 仍然，然而，不过medium a. 中等的，适中的 n. 媒介物，新闻媒介competent a. 有能力的，能胜任的competition n. 竞争，比赛disturb vt. 打搅，妨碍infer v. 推论，推断promote vt. 促进；提升region n. 地区；范围；幅度register v/n.登记，注册cancel vt. 取消，废除variable a. 易变的，可变的aspect n. 方面；朝向；面貌core n. 果心，核心maintain vt. 维持，保持；坚持，主张attitude n. 态度commit vt. 犯（错误，罪行等），干（坏事等）comment n. /vt. 评论distinguish vt. 区分，辨别moral a. 道德上的，有道德的prominent a. 突出的vivid a. 生动的version n. 版本，译本；说法strategy n. 战略，策略tense a. 紧张的 v. 拉紧 n. 时态avenue n. 林荫道，大街available a. 现成可用的；可得到的comparable a. (with, to) 可比较的，类似的diverse a. 不同的，多种多样的release vt. /n. 释放，排放；解释解脱survey n. /vt. 调查，勘测wealthy a. 富裕的adjust v. 调整，调节attach vt. 系，贴；使附属profit n. 利润，益处；v. 有益于，有利于humble a. 谦逊的；谦虚的illegal a. 不合法的，非法的 award vt. 授予，判给 n. 奖品，奖金aware a. 意识到comedy n. 喜剧principle n. 原则，原理vain a. 徒劳的，无效的undertake vt. 承担，着手做；同意，答应unique a. 唯一的，独特的obstacle n. 障碍（物），妨碍opportunity n. 机会，时机architecture n. 建筑学biology n. 生物学geography n. 地理（学）entertainment n. 娱乐；招待，款待enthusiasm n. 热情，热心entry n. 进入，入口处；参赛的人（或物）environment n. 环境simplify vt. 简化sorrow n. 悲哀，悲痛stuff n. 原料，材料 vt. 填进，塞满terror n. 恐怖burden n. 重担，负荷mature a. 成熟的nucl