高中英语定语从句讲解及练习.doc

Step 1 Leading-in （导入）用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。He is a clever student. He is a student who is good at English. He lives in a small village. His grandfather lived there before. I know a girl who lives in the village too. Her name is Wang Fang. Wang Fangs father is a farmer. He is a hard-working farmer.Step 2 语法讲解1：有关定语从句的几个概念1）功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2）位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后：Those who are willing to attend the party sign here please.3）先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词4）关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词2：关系词的双重身份及其选用原则1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分 。 指代 关系词 定语从句后在从句中做句子成分人 who 主语(说明是“谁”) 人 whom 宾语(说明是“谁”)人或物 whose定语(说明是“谁的”)人或物that 主语 /宾语物 which 主语 /宾语时间when 时间状语原因why原因状语地点where 地点状语人物/事件/句子as 主语/宾语/表语 3：熟记如下原则:A：关系词只能用which 的定语从句1） .先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? 2）.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 3）.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。B:关系词只能用that的情况: 1）. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 2）.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? 3）.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 4）. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 5）.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? 6）.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 注：由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.C: 关系副词when与where、why：when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which；where指地点 = in / at / from / which；why指原因 = for which1）I heard the reason_ he gave .2）I heard the reason _he was late . 3）Is this the factory _ you visited yesterday？ 4）Is this the factory _you worked before？5）I will never forget the days_we spent together_we travelled in America.4.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 定语从句练习一定语从句的理解： 用来修饰名词或代词的词成为定语：例如： a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 能否再举出类似的例子_以上的定语都是单词或短语，如果定语是句子时，便成为定语从句。 I know the girl in red I know the girl who is in red (这样变化帮助理解，前者表示更简洁，所以一般我们会在无法用某个词汇或短语来修饰名词或代词时，我们选择定语从句来帮助)I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) （定语从句）I know the girl who is in red. 找出被修饰的词是_。这个词就成为先行词。其中连接两个句子的是_。 它就成为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当_。二试一试：观察下列几组简单句，并试着写出定语从句。(后面附有定语从句中关系词的用法，先学习后，可以帮助)I know the woman. The woman is come from France. _He loves the dog. His mother bought the dog for him._This is the soldier. The soldier saved the boys life. _ He was friendly to the stranger. He met the stranger in the street. _Lilly bought the book. The books cover is pink. _The boy studies hard. The boys father is a doctor. _This is the school. My mother works in the school. _I still remember that day. You left for Beijing on that day. _Could you explain the reason? You were late for the reason. _I will never forget the time. I spent the time with my grandparents. _ 三：翻译：1：我在一中读书。 2：我在一中读书，一中是宣威最好的学校之一。（用定语从句） 3：我热爱中国文化。 4：我热爱中国文化，中国文化历史悠久。（用定语从句） 1.Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom4.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea. A. which B. who C. what D. how7.I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 8.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 9.Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 10.-What kind of music do you like? -I like music _ has great lyrics. A. that B. what C. who D. whose11.That is the only thing _ I bought from the supermarket. A. which B. that C. what D. where12.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D. in which13.The computer _ last week has gone wrong.