新标准高职实用综合教程(第2版)第四册-unit3翻译.doc

Why AmericansWould RatherDrive1 My dailycommuteto and from work generally takes about 25 minutes.Trafficand weather sometimes make it last 45 minutes or more.But if Ive got a good song to listen to, a long commute doesnt upset me.In fact, I dont mind my lonely drive at all I rather like it.2 And Im not the only one.3 In a recent survey of drivers in the U.S., 45 percent agreed that driving was their time to think and enjoy being alone.Only 30 percent disagreed; the rest wereneutral.This was an issue with no gender gap:there were as many women as men who said they liked their drive time. Nor was it an issue of age: only among people older than 55 was the number who didnt enjoy driving greater than the number who did.4 “The car offers a rare space over which the drivers have total control,” writes Alan Smith in the survey.“Here they can breathe in the middle of thebreathlesspaceof work and home, phones, and the Internet.”Smith also uses evidence collected by other scholars to confirm that drivers are far lessnegativeabout the time they spend in the car than experts have previously believed.5 But experts hardly agree that Americans generally like to drive themselves to work.For decades we have been urged to get out of our cars and into masstransit.Weve been told that cars are bad for the environment and bad for communities.Weve been hit with heavy gastaxesand we hear regular demands that they be made even heavier.6 Nevertheless, we drive.Only 5 percent of commuters take mass transit to work and the number has been dropping.While the use of cars has increased more than 85 percent since 1970, the use of mass transit buses, subways, trolleys, commuter trains has dropped by 3 percent.Today mass transit represents barely 1 percent of the nationssurfacepassenger travel.7 Almostwithout exception, every time a city builds or expands a subway system, the percentage of commuters using public transitdecreases.At a cost of more than $10 billion, Washington D.C. built a large subway network in the 1970s and 1980s.It now carries a smaller proportion of the regions commuters than the old bus and trolley system did 30 years ago.8 It is not that Americans wouldnt listen to their experts, but it isreasonableto prefer private cars to public trains and buses.Cars and highways are available 24 hours a day.They go almost everywhere.They sharplyreducetravel time in America, the average mass transit commute takes 42 minutes while the average commuter driving to work makes it in only 20.Andwithout question, cars and highways are safer: death rates are much lower for cars and highways especially interstate highways than for most forms of mass transit.9 It isnt a “love affair” with cars that keeps Americans behind the wheel. It is the freedom, flexibility, and efficiency that automobiles provide.Nor is this an American phenomenon.Anywhere people have the choice, they choose to drive.In Europe, automobile use has risen steadily for decades.Since 1989, in what was East Germany, the number of people using mass transit has been reduced by 50 percent; the number using cars now equals that in the former West Germany.10 People who dislike cars need to face the reality: Americans would rather drive.Subways and commuter trains, no matter how much is spent on them, willaccount foronly a small proportion of commuter trips.We have far more mass transit than we need, but not nearly enough highwaylanes.So it is high time to start spending the money where it is most needed. 我每天上下班花在路上的时间大约为25分钟，有时由于交通和天气的原因，要花45分钟甚至更长的时间。但如果有一首好歌听着，在路上待久一点也并不让我感到心烦。事实上，我一点都不反感独自驾车，我很喜欢这样呢。 2而且，喜欢驾车上下班的并非我一人。 3最近对美国驾车族的调查发现，45%的人认为驾车是他们进行思考和享受独处的时间。只有30%的人不同意此看法，其余的人对此不置可否。在这个问题上没有性别差异：在喜欢开车时光的人中，男女各半；也没有年龄差异，只有在年龄超过55岁的人群中，不喜欢独自开车的人数超过了喜欢的人数。 4在调查报告中，艾伦史密斯写道：“车给驾车人提供了一个可以完全由他们操纵的难得空间。他们在工作、家庭、电话、互联网的快节奏生活中喘不过气来，而在这个空间里，他们可以歇口气。”史密斯还使用了其他学者收集到的证据来证明，开车的人对花在车里的时间远远没有专家们原先认为的那么反感。 5但是专家们还是不承认美国人一般都喜欢开车上班。几十年来，我们一直受到敦促：走出自家的车子，去乘坐公共交通工具。有人一直跟我们说汽车污染环境、危害社区。我们已被征收了高额的汽油税,并且常听见有人要求汽油税收得更重些。 6然而，我们仍然驾车。只有5%的上班族乘坐公共交通工具上下班，而且他们的人数还一直在减少。从1970年到现在，私家车的使用增加了85%，而公共交通工具，如巴士、地铁、电车、通勤列车的使用下降了3%。如今公共交通仅占全国地面客运的1%。 7几乎无一例外，每次一个城市修建或延伸一条地铁线，使用公共交通上下班的人数比重就会随之下降。在20世纪七八十年代，华盛顿特区耗资一百多亿美元，建造了一个庞大的地铁系统。但它现在运载的本地上班族的比例比30年前老式巴士和电车运载的还要少。 8这并非美国人不愿听专家们的建议，而是因为选择自驾车代替乘坐火车和公共汽车确实情有可原。汽车和高速公路一天24小时都可使用，而且四通八达,可以去任何地方。出行的时间也大大减少 在美国，利用公共交通工具上下班的时间平均为42分钟，而自己开车上下班平均花费时间仅为20分钟。而且毫无疑问，自驾车和高速公路也更安全：开车和在高速公路上的事故死亡率远远低于公共交通，尤其是在州际公路上。 9并不是对汽车的“爱恋”使美国人更愿意驾