七不定代词.docx

七、不定代词不定代词不定代词有两类：由 body， one， thing 构成的合成代词：Somebody anybody everybody nobodySomeone anyone everyone no oneSomething anything everything nothing作代词的限定词：all another any both each either otherfew little many much neither none some还有不能兼作代词的限定词（形容词）（主要是every no）合成不定代词Somebody, someone, anybody, anyone:Somebody 和 someone 意思相同，表示“某人”。肯定句用 somebody, someone, 否定句及疑问句中用anybody 和anyone。他们在句中可用作：a. 主语：Somebody (someone) said that youd been ill.Somebody (someone) has turned off the light.Is there anyone (anybody) here who can speak Japanese?b. 宾语或介词宾语：I didnt know anybody at the party.I need somebody to help me in the work.Did he leave any message for anyone?有时可用他们的所有格作定语：Theres no need to hurt anybodys feelings.anybody 和anyone 还可表示“任何人”，在句中可作：a. 主语：Anybody can tell you how to get there.Anyone can do that.b. 宾语或介词宾语：I never discussed it with anybody.She felt that she could do it better than anyone.有时可用它的所有格作定语：I like his music more than anybodys (music).everybody, everyone, everything:everybody 和everyone 意思相同，表示“人人”，everything 表示“一切”，这些词都是单数，在句中都可作：a. 主语：Everybody was glad to see Martin back.We are anxious for everything to be settled.Everyone laughed, me included.b. 宾语：The police questioned everybody (everyone) in the room.He told everybody to remain in their cars.everything 可用作表语：Her son is everything to her.Money isnt everything.everybody 和 everyone 可用于所有格：Everybodys business is nobodys business. 人人都管，没人真管。Something, anything, nothing:Something 和anything 表示“某物（事）”，something 用于肯定句，anything用于疑问句和否定句，nothing 表示“没什么”。这几个代词都可用作：a. 主语Something has happened.Anything is better than nothing.But nothing could make him alter his views.b. 宾语I want something to eat.If you remember anything at all, please let me know.He knew absolutely nothing.c. 表语He thinks hes something.I was cut a little, but it wasnt anything.“whats that strange noise?” “Dont worry, it isnt anything.”Its something to be home again without an accident.not anything 和nothing 的意思一样：I know nothing about it. (I dont know anything about it.)anything 还可表示“任何东西（事情）”：Dont be dependent on anyone for anything.You can take anything you want.nobody, no one (no-one)a. 主语：Nobody seems to notice.Nobody stands on much ceremony with us. 没人跟我们将客套。No one dared speak of it.b. 宾语He walked along in the shadows hoping no one would recognize him.Apart from them, I had nobody to talk to.nobody 还可表示“无关紧要的人”， 用作表语或宾语： He was just a nobody before he met her.Dont marry a nobody like him. 不要嫁给像他那样没有地位的人。Some， any, no 的用法some， any 作代词的用法：some 和any 都表示“一些”，some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句及疑问句。他们可以指人或其它可数的东西（a）, 也可以指不可数的东西（b）, 在句中主要用作主语或宾语：a. Some of the students are from the North.Some smoke and some dont.Did any of your photos come out well?b. Some of the meat has gone bad.I dont need any more money-Ive still got some.Did you give her any?any 还可表示“任何一个”： He was just as hard up as any of us. 他和我们中的任何人一样手头拮据。 Any is good enough for me.Some， any, no 作定语的用法：Some， any, no 都可以作定语，some 和 any 表示“一些”， no 表示“没有”，no=not any。这时他们都是限定词，也可以说是形容词。可以修饰可数名词（a）, 也可以修饰不可数名词（b）:a. Some mushrooms are poisonous.She bought some biscuits.Did he catch any fish?b. I have some work to do this evening.Some French wine is quite sweet.Have you any money on you?any 可表示 “任何（一个）”： He wanted a job, any sort of a job.Any color will do. 什么颜色都行。No 可表示“没有任何-”（a）和“不是一个”（b）:a. No words can express my grief.Time and tide wait for no man.b. Hes no fool, he isnt. 他不是傻瓜，他并不傻。Hes no financial expert.Some 有时也可以用在疑问句和否定句中，这时some (一些) 是正确的，与any 不同，any 是指“是否有一些”：a. 用于请求中：I have run out of envelope. Will you get me some?Would you like some drink?b. 用于反问句中：“Where is the coffee?” “isnt there some in that drawer?”“Lend me some money.” “Didnt he give you some?”Some 有时和可数名词单数一起用，表示“某个”，相当于“a certain”:Ask some typist to come here.Hes living at some place in East Africa.many, few, (a few), much, little, a little 的用法这几个代词都是表示数量的，many, much 表示“多”，few, little 表示“少”。many, few 代表可数名词， much, little 代表不可数名词。many 可用作主语（a）, 宾语（b）:a. Many of the mistakes were just careless.Not many of us will pass the exam.b. How many do you need?Theyve given me too many.much 也可用作主语（a）或宾语（b）:a. Much of the information has been inaccurate.Much hangs on his decision. 许多事都有赖于他的决定。b. I havent time to do much.I have much to talk over with him.few 表示“很少”（负面意义，有“不足”的意味），也可作主语（a）或宾语(b):a. Few of the players really play well.Very few of the books are easy enough for me.b. We saw few of the sights as we had so little time.I knew few of the people there.a few 表示“有几个”，有正面（肯定）意思，相当于several, 也可作主语（a）或宾语（b）:a. Not a few of my friends are vegetarian. 我朋友中不少人吃素。Only a few of the people who applied were suitable.b. Shes written lots of books but Ive only read a few.I met a few of my friends in Paris.little 表示“很少”（意思接近nothing, 是负面含义），也可用作主语（a）或宾语(b):a. The little that I have seen his work is satisfactory.他的工作就我所见到的那一部分而言是令人满意的。 Little is known about his childhood.b. You have done very little for us.He had little to tell us.a little 表示“有一点”（是正面含义，相当于a few , 也可以用 a bit 或 a little bit）, 在句中也可作主语（a）或宾语（b）:a. Theres still a little left.A little will do. 一点就行。b. Tell me a little about his illness.Try and eat a little.这些词都可用作定语，这时有人称作限定词或形容词：many 表示“许多”，用来修饰可数名词，多用在疑问句或否定句中（a），也可在肯定句中修饰主语（b），还可和too, so 等词一起用（c）:a. Do you have many friends? (比较：I have a lot of friends.)Not many people are interested in the activity.b. Many people do not get enough to eat.Many students supported the plan.c. There are too many mistakes in this essay.I never saw so many swans on the lake.much 也表示“多”，用来修饰不可数名词，主要用于疑问句和否定句中（a）, 也可和too, so 用在肯定句中（b）:a. Do you take much interest in it?We dont have much time for it.b. You have given me too much food.So much money has been spent on it. few 表示“很少”，修饰可数名词： We saw few students there. They exchanged few words. a few 表示“几个”，修饰可数名词： He has a few friends in this city.My time is precious; I can only give you a few minutes.little 表示“很少”，修饰不可数名词（意思接近no, 可译为“没有什么”）： We got little help from them.Theres little hope that she will recover.a little 表示“一点”，“有些”（意思接近some）:A little discipline would do him a world of good. 稍微处分他一下会对他有很大好处。Come in and have a little whisky.all, each, none 的用法all 可以作代词，表示可数的人或事物（a）或不可数的人或事物（b），分别可译作“所有的（人）”和“一切”，有时可作同位语（c），后面有时可跟一个定语从句（d）:a. All enjoyed themselves.All were pale and had dark ring under their eyes.b. Now all was changed.I know that all was well with her.c. My children can all swim.She has read them all.d. All that she lacked was training.All I desired was leisure for study.all 还可用作定语（这时有人称作限定词或形容词），表示所有的（a）或整个（b），还可和某些名词一道用作表语（c）:a. All these girls were anaemic.All hope has gone.b. She spent all that year in London.The old man worked hard all his life.c. She was all sweetness.That afternoon it seemed all disappointment.each 可用作代词，表示“每一个（人）”，只用作可数词、单数式，可用作主语（a）或宾语（b）或同位语（c）:a. I tried on two dresses, but neither fits me.Neither of them knew the way.b. Ive read neither of these books.I could answer neither of the questions.c. They neither of them said anything.These two books are neither of them good.the other/others, another 的用法the other/others 可以表示“另外那个（些）”，是指定的一个或一些，可用于可数或不可数名词，可用作主语（a）或宾语（b）:a. One of the boys is named Tom, the other named David.I have two aunts; one lives in Tokyo and the other in Osaka.b. He raised one arm, and then the other.The two brothers often quarrel with each other; one is stubborn, and the other