Book8_U3_语法.doc

倒装句在英语中，我们把主语在前谓语动词在后的句子叫陈述句，把谓语动词放在主语前面的句子叫倒装句。如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫完全倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。1. 完全倒装 用于 there be 句型。 例如：There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有几位学生。 There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. 教室的前面有一棵大树。 用于“here (there, now, then)不及物动词主语”的句型中，或以 in, out, up, down, away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。 例如：Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。 注意： (1) 主语是代词时，主语和谓语不倒装。 (2) here，there 放在句首通常用一般现在时。 Here it is. 给你。（你要的东西在这儿。） Here he comes. 他来了。 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常将其全部倒装。 例如：South of the city lies a big steel factory. 城市南边有一家大型钢厂。 From the valley came a frightening sound. 从山谷里传来了可怕的声音。 表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”： (1) 形容词连系动词主语 Present at the meeting were Mr. Li, Mr. Wang and many other teachers. 出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多老师。 (2) 过去分词连系动词主语 Gone are the days when we used foreign oil. 我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。 (3) 介词短语 be 主语 Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things. 在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西。 用于 so, neither, nor 开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相一致。 例如：He has been to Canada. So have I. 他去过加拿大，我也去过。 You cant speak French. Neither can she. 你不会说法语，她也不会。 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或是上下文紧密衔接时。 例如：They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river. 他们来到一个小村庄，村庄前面是条大河。 Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens. 在金字塔里面有埋葬国王和王后的墓室。2. 部分倒装 用于疑问句。 例如：Do they work in the factory? 他们在这家工厂上班吗？ 用于省略的虚拟条件状语从句。 例如：Had I seen him yesterday, I wouldnt go to his house now. 如果我昨天见到他了，我现在就不去他家了。 as (though) 引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Young as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然很年轻，但知道很多。 Try as he would, he might failed again. 他虽然可以试试，可能还会失败。名词+ as (though) + 主语+动词King as he was, he was unhappy.Child as he is, he knows to help others.注意：如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前无形容词时，不用冠词；若有形容词要用冠词。 Child as he was, he had to make a living. 他虽是个孩子，但得糊口。 A bad-tempered man as Mr. Liu is, he loves us deeply. 刘老师脾气不好，但他深深地爱着我们。形容词 + as (though) + 主语+动词Successful as he is , he is not proud.Impossible as it seems, it is true.副词+ as (though) + 主语+动词Much as I like Paris, I cant live there.Hard though they tried, they could not make her change her mind.Fast as you read, you cant finish the book in two days.动词+ as (though) + 主语+动词。主语后的动词常为 may might，would，等情态动词。当然，若要表示陈述事实，则用did，do。Object as you may, I will go.Try as he might, he could not solve the problem.Lost money as we did, we got a lot of experience.Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his speech against slavery.分词 + as (though) + 主语+动词Raining hard as it is, Im going out for a walk.Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 用于 no sooner than , hardly when 和not until 等句型。 例如：No sooner had I come in, the telephone rang. 我刚进屋，电话铃就响了。 Not until 12 did he go to sleep. 直到 12 点他才入睡。 用于 never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，at no time，not only等开头的句子。 例如：Never shall I do this again. 我绝不会再做此事。 Seldom does he come late. 他很少迟到。 用于“only状语”开头的句子。 Only in the way can we learn English well. 只有这样我们才能学好英语。 Only then did he know he was wrong. 直到那时他才知道他错了。 用于“so形容词/副词”放在句首的so that句子。 例如：So young is the boy that he cant join the army. 这孩子没到参军的年龄。 So fast is he running that he can keep up with the bike. 他跑得快得能跟上自行车。现在，倒装句的用法归纳如下表：种类倒装条件例句完全倒装here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.部分倒装never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首Hardly did I know what had happened.only和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realize the importance of English.not only but also连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒Not only does he know French, but also he is expert at it.neither nor 连接并列的句子，前后都倒装Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.so that, such that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.as引导的让步状语Child as he is, he has learned a lot.so, neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。He can play the piano. So can I.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中May you be in good health!省略if的虚拟条件Were I you, I would not do it in this way.练习：一、单项选择。1. Now _ your turn to recite the text.A. there is B. there comes C. comes D. has come 2. Only then _ how much damage had been caused.A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize 3. Nowhere else along the coast _ such shallow water so far from land.A. is there B. is it C. there is D. it is 4. Never _ a language so widely spread or spoken by so many people as English.A. there has been B. it has been C. has there been D. has it been 5. _ had he got on the train _ he realized he had left his bag in the car.A. Hardly; when B. Hardly; then C. No sooner; when D. No sooner; then 6. Its burning hot today, isnt it? Yes. _ yesterday.A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it 7. _ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious8. Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know 9. In no city of China little _ about the economic development.A. the government cares B. does the government care C. doesnt the government care D. the government doesnt care 10. Autumn coming, down _.A. do the leaves fall B. the leaves will fallC. fall the leaves D. the leaves have fallen11. _can you expect to get a pay rise. A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard 12. _, mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is 13. Not until all the fish died in the river, _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize 14. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized 15. Do you know Jim quarrel with his brother? I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also 16. Only by practicing a few hours every day _ be able to waste much time. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 17. Not until the early years of the 19th century _ what heat is. A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know 18. _got into the room, _ the telephone rang. A. He hardly; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when 19. _ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 20. I dont think I can walk any further. _, lets stop here for a rest. A. Neither can I B. Neither do I C. I didnt think so D. I think so 21. Only in this way _ do it well. A. must we B. we could C. can we D. we can 22. Hardly _ when it began to rain. A. had he arrived B. arrived he C. he had arrived D. did he arrive 23. Jack is a student and studies at the No. 2 Middle School. _. A. It was the same with Mike B. So it is with Mike C. So is Mike D. So does Mike 24. _, I would have given you his address. A. If you asked me B. You had asked me C. Should you have asked me D. Had you asked me 25. _ that they had made an important discovery in science. A. Little they realized B. They had realized little C. Little did they realize D. Little had they realized 26. _ that I couldnt be absorbed in the work. A. They made such talked B. So loudly they talked C. It was noise outside D. Such a loud noise did they make 27. Many a time _ me good advice. A. he gave B. does he give C. he has given D. has he given 28. _ have I seen a better performance. A. Everywhere B. Nowhere else C. Everywhere else D. Nowhere 29. Not a single word _ at the beginning. A. did he say B. has he said C. he said D. he has said 30. Only in an hour ago _ out why he was absent. A. did the teacher found B. the teacher found C. did the teacher find D. had the teacher found 31. _the plane. A. Flew down B. Down flew C. Down was flying D. Down fly 32. Hardly _ when the bus suddenly pulled away. A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop 33. _ I had time, I would have run round that lake again. A. If B. Unless C. Had D.