外研社八年级英语上册module1-6重点短语及语法

八年级英语上册重点短语及语法Module 1 how to learn English1. in pairs 成双的，成对的2. match- with- 把-与-配对3. welcome back 欢迎回来welcome back to- 欢迎回到4. the way to do sth 做某事的方法5. some advice 一些建议advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 比较：suggest+sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事 suggest doing sth 建议做某事6. try to do sth 尽力做某事 try not to do sth 尽力不要做某事try doing sth 尝试做某事7. as much as possible 尽可能多地8. write down 写下，记下 write them down 把它们写下来9. make a mistake / make mistakes 犯错误10. forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事remember to do sth 记得去做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事11. so many+可数名词复数 如此多的 so much+不可数名词so+adj. 如此12. get to know 开始知道13. agree with sb. 同意某人的观点14. need to do sth. 需要做某事15. key words 关键词 main idea 大意16. Thats a good idea. 那是一个好主意17. what else? 还有什么其他的吗？18. Thanks a lot. = Thank you very much. 非常感谢。19. send sb sth.= send sth to sb 把某物寄给某人20. ask for 请求，寻求 ask for advice 请求建议, ask for help 寻求帮助ask sb for 向某人索要21. improve their English 提高他们的英语22. how to do sth 如何做某事23. basic questions 基本的问题24. several times几次 each time 每次 time 表示次数可数，时间不可数 25. something new 一些新的东西26. the meaning of- -的意思27. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 担心某物、某人28. start a conversation 开始一段对话29. smile at- 对微笑30. speak quickly 快速地说31. take- around 带-参观32. millions of 数百万的33. worry about = be worried about 担心-34. a piece of - 一张/片/块 a piece of paper 一张纸 two pieces of paper两张纸35. It is + adj.+（for sb）+ to do sth （对于某人来说）做某事是怎样的It is + adj.+（of sb）+ to do sth 做某事觉得某人是怎样的。常用句型：提建议的方式We should do sth. 我们应该做某事。 should+v原形Why not do sth-?= why dont you/we do sth-? 为何不做某事呢？What/how about doing sth? 做某事怎么样？Lets do sth. 让我们做某事吧。Shall we do sth? 我们做某事好吗？Its a good idea to do sth. 做某事是一个好主意。Youd better do sth. 你最好做某事。Module 2 my home town and my country1. pretty good = very good 相当好 pretty adv. 非常，很She looks pretty. 她看起来很漂亮。 Pretty adj. 漂亮的2. on the coast 在海岸线上3. in fact 事实上4. in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代5. get bigger and busier 变得更大共更繁忙 get指sthbecome famous 变得有名 become 指sb6. some day 某一天，用于将来时one day 某一天，用于过去时和将来时7. as+adj/adv.原级+as- -和 -一样8. whats the population of +地点？表示人口多和“少”,不用much，little而要用large, small has a population of + 数字 （某地）有-人口9. come from= be from 来自10. in the east of - in 在地点内部 on 两点接壤 to 两地不接壤Chengdu is in the west of Sichuan. 成都在四川的西部。Yunnan is on the south of Sichuan. 云南在四川的南边。Japan is to the east of China. . 日本在中国的东边。11. on the River Cam 在康河河畔12. be famous for + sth 因-而著名be famous as + 职业. 作为-而著名14. such as 比如 列举同类事物中的几个例子 for example 例如 列举一个例子，一般用逗号隔开15. old buildings and churches to visit 可参观的古老建筑物和教堂 Much homework to do 许多要做的家庭作业 Something to eat 一些吃的东西16. be popular with- 17. show sb. sth. = show sth to sb 给某人展示某物语法： 形容词比较级（一）1. 结构：主语+ be动词+ adj.比较级+ than+ 宾语 - 比- 更 She is taller than me. 她比我高。（注意）当比较两个事物时，英语中要用到比较级的句型结构，其中标志词为than.2. adj比较级构成：构成方法原级比较级单音节和少数双音节单词一般在词尾加-ertall, long, short, newTaller, longer, shorter, newer以字母e结尾的形容词直接加rwide, large, nicewider, larger, nicer以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写该字母，再加-erbig, fat, hot, red, thinBigger, fatter, hotter, redder, thinner以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加-erbusy, heavy, earlybusier, heavier, earlier3. 常见的修饰比较级的词有：much -得多, a little有点, even甚至，更Eg: Mike is much stronger than me. 迈克比我强壮得多 She is a little taller than me. 她比我稍高。 Jack works even harder at maths than you 杰克在数学方面比你学得更努力。4. 用比较级表示最高级：比较级+than+any other +可数名词单数Eg: Changjiang is longer than any other river in china 长江比中国任何一条河流都长。. = Changjiang is the longest river in china. 长江是中国最长的河流。5. 比较级常考几种题型。1) 比较级+than Im fatter than you.2) Which 引导的选择疑问句，两者之间Which one is bigger, this one or that one?3) 比较级+比较级 表示 越来越-I m getting fatter and fatter.4) The+比较级，the+比较级 越-, 就越-The harder you work, the better you will do. 你工作越努力，就会做得越好。The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 你吃得越多，就会变得越胖。5) as-as- 和-一样 she is as fat as me. 她比我胖。not as/so-as- -不及- （中间用原级）she isnt as fat as me.她不及我胖.Module3 sports 1. whats the score? 比分是多少?2. whats the matter? = whats wrong? 怎么了？Whats the matter with - ? = whats wrong with- ? -怎么了？3. look tired 看起来很累。4. plenty of = lots of = a lot of =many/much 大量，许多5. not - at all 一点也不，根本不6. thats because - 那是因为7. bad luck 坏运气 good luck 好运气8. Never mind! 别介意！9. fan club 球迷俱乐部10. play against 对抗，同-比赛11. so that +句子 目的是，为了12. warm up 热身13. have a chance of - 有个-机会14. be late for- 迟到，来晚15. be pleased with sth/sb. 对-满意be pleased to do sth 对做某事满意16. what a pity! 多么可惜啊！17. get lost= be lost 迷路lose to- 输给-18. keep fit = keep healthy = stay healthy 保持健康19. all the same仍然at first 首先20. around the world = all over the world21. ed, -ing 结尾的形容词的用法：-ed结尾的修饰人 -ing结尾的修饰物interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的 excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人激动的 relaxed 放松的 relaxing 令人放松的bored 无聊的 boring 枯燥的，乏味的 tired 劳累的 tiring 令人劳累的形容词比较级（二）和副词的比较级1. 构成：部分双音节词和多音节词，在该词前面加more构成比较级。 beautiful- more beautiful interesting- more interesting important- more important dangerous- more dangerous2. 由形容词加ly 构成的双音节词和多音节词，都是在该词前面加ly构成比较级 slowly- more slowly quickly- more quickly 3. 不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad /badly/ illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/ furtherfarthest / furthestoldolder /elderoldest / eldest4.形容词和副词的用法1) 形容词通常放在名词之前，作定语，或者放在系动词(be, look, get, become-)后，作表语 a beautiful flower一朵漂亮的花 The teacher is careful. 这位老师很细心2) 副词修饰动词放在后面Listen carefully很仔细地听 dance really well跳舞跳得真好 run fast/slowly跑得快/慢 module 4 planes, ships, and trains1. what happened? 发生什么事了：Whats happening? 正在发生什么事？Sth happened + 时间/地点 某事发生在-Sth happened to sb 某人出了某事Sb happens/ed to do sth 某人碰巧做某事2. by +交通工具 作方式状语 by bus/train/taxi/plane 乘公交/火车/出租/飞机 实义动词take 表乘坐 take the/a bus 坐公交车 take the underground 乘地铁 Ride a bike= by bike= on a bike/ on one bike 骑自行车 Take the bus = by bus= on/in a bus 乘公交车3. a traffic accident 一起交通事故 by accident 偶然4. most of 大多数的5. heavy traffic 拥挤的交通6. Thats a good choice. 是一个好的选择7. a bit=a little 一点儿（修饰adj/adv） a bit tired 一点儿累8. the same as -和-相同 be different from -和-不同9. far from 远离 be /get close to 离-近10. a crowded street 一条拥挤的街道11. all the time 一直，总是12. Dont worry! = Dont be worried! 别担心！13. 花费 1) take 主语一般是it，或者是sth It takes/took sb some time to do sth.2) Spend主语只能是sb: sb. spend/ some time/some money on sth sb. spend some time/some money (in) doing sth.3) pay主语是 sb： pay for支付sb. pay some money for sth.4) cost 主语是sth, 表示价钱为- sth cost (sb) some money14. have to 不得不 15. wait for 等待 16. at the airport在机场17. because + 句子 因为- because of + 单词/ 短语 由于-18. cross= go across穿过19. however 然而，但是 表示转折，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开语法：形容词和副词最高级的用法1. adj/adv最高级构成：构成方法原级比较级单音节和少数双音节单词一般在词尾加-esttall, long, short, newTallest, longest, shortest, newest以字母e结尾的形容词直接加stwide, large, niceWidest, largest, nicest以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写该字母，再加-estbig, fat, hot, red, thinBiggest, fattest, hottest, reddest, thinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加-estbusy, heavy, earlybusiest, heaviest, earliest2. 部分双音节词和多音节词，在该词前面加most构成最高级。 beautiful- most beautiful interesting- most interesting important- most important dangerous- most dangerous3. adj/adv最高级的用法1) adj/adv最高级+ in/of Jack is the tallest in our class. 杰克是我们班最高的。 Jack is the tallest of the three. 杰克是三个中最高的。2) 选择疑问句中，三者及三者以上时Which student is the tallest, Jim, Joe or Daming? 3) One of +adj/adv.最高级+可数名词复数 表示最-之一 Lao she is one of the most famous writers in china.4) 序数词+ adj最高级Changing river is the first longest river in china.Module 5 Lao Shao Teahouse1. take sb. to sw. 带某人去某地2. You know. 你知道的。3. in the end最后 at the end of- 在- 末尾 at the beginning of在- 的开始4. Thats the main thing. 那是主要的事情。5. No idea.= I have no idea.= I dont know. 不知道。6. common people 普通人7. in the twentieth century 在20世纪8. finish school 毕业9. return= come/go back 回来 return to-= come/go back to-回到某地10. give a warm welcome to - 热烈欢迎-11. translate - into- 把- 翻译成-12. over= more than 超过13. be named= be called - 被称为-14. take place 发生 （指有计划，有预谋的发生） The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing. happen 发生 （指事情偶然或没有预见的发生）An accident happened on the street. 常见动词接双宾语的：1. send sb. sth = send sth to sb 把某物寄给某人2. give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 把某物给某人3. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 把某事告诉某人4. teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某事5. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看6. lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人7. return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb 把某物还给某人8. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 把某物提供给某人9. take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人10. pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人11. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事12. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物13. make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人制作某物14. cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮/烹饪某物15. book sb. sth. = book sth for sb. 为某人预订某物Module 6 Animals in danger 1. at last= in the end = finally 最后2. be interested in sth/ doing sth. 对某事/做某事感兴趣3. think of = think about 想到，想起 What do you think of/ about- ? 你认为- 怎么样4. protect- from- 保护- 免受- 伤害5. take away 带走，拿走 6. grow up 成长7. have a safe place to live 有一个安全的居住地8. in peace 平静地 in danger 处于危险之中9. look after = take care of 照顾10. find out 找出，查明（通过调查）11. help sb (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 12. wild animals 野生动物 in the wild 在野外13. research centre 研究中心 do a lot of research 做大量研究14. difficult situation 严峻的形势 15. in the forest 在森林里16. in order to + do sth 为了- so that + 句子 目的是，为了17. set up 建立 18. develop plans = make plans 制定计划19. many kinds of- 许多种- a kind of-一种语法： 固定搭配：常见动词不定时to do 的用法1. want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 2. plan to do sth. 计划做某事3. offer to