9AUnit2语法讲义.doc

9A Unit 2 语法讲义一、Would rather.句型的用法 1.我们先来看一下rather这个词用法： rather用作表示程度的副词，意为“相当”“太”，与very, quite, too同义，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：This book is rather bad. 这本书相当差。 rather和quite可用来修饰名词，一般放在冠词前面。 Thats rather / quite a good picture. 那是一副很好的画。 2.以下是重点： Would ratherthan意思是“宁愿.而不原，喜欢.而不喜欢。”在使用时，前面和后面都必须用表示并列的成分。它的否定形式应该在would rather 的后面加not,而不是在would的后面加not，疑问句将would提前。如： would rather 的主要句型有以下2种： 、would rather (not) do sth. 宁愿（不）做某事 、would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 宁愿做事情1，而不愿做事情2. （在此句型中，如果两个动词相同则后面一个动词可以省略。） 例：She would rather stay at home tomorrow. 她宁可明天呆在家。 Id rather not tell you about it . 我宁愿不告诉你此事。 I would rather have the red one than （have）the green one.我宁愿要红的，而不要绿的。 I would rather play football than watch TV. 我宁愿踢足球而不愿看电视。 二、Prefer（=likebetter）和preferto的用法 ： prefer 是动词，它的过去式和过去分词都是preferred .它的意思是“宁愿，更喜欢”，相当于likebetter,后面跟名词或代词，也可接不定式或动名词（短语）。 prefer的重点句型有以下几种： .prefer (not) to do sth. 宁愿（不）做某事= would rather (not) do sth. .prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 宁愿某人(不)去做某事 . prefer to do sth.1 rather than do sth.2 宁愿做事情1，而不愿做事情2. =would rather do sth.1 than (do) sth.2 =prefer doing sth.1 to doing sth.2 (这种句型属于第种句型，to为介词) prefer A to B = like A better than B 喜欢A，而不喜欢B （此句型中to为介词，其中A和B 可以是名词、代词、动名词或动名词短语） 例如：She prefers to stay at home on Sunday.星期天她更喜欢呆在家里。 They preferred their son (not) to go to college. 他们宁愿他们的儿子（不）去上大学。 I prefer to look after the baby rather than clean the room. =I would rather look after the baby than clean the room I prefer the town to the country.我喜欢城镇而不喜欢农村。 =I like the town better than the country. She prefers red to blue.她喜欢红色，而不喜欢蓝色。 =She likes red better than blue. She prefers singing to dancing. 他喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 =she likes singing better than dancing. =She prefers to sing rather than dance. =She would rather sing than dance. I prefer staying at home to going out on Sundays.星期天我喜欢呆在家里，而不喜欢到外面去。 =I like staying at home better than going out on Sundays. =I prefer to stay at home rather than go out on Sundays. =I would rather stay at home than go out on Sundays. 三、由some, any ,no, every.构成的复合不定代词的用法 由some；any ；no 和every 可以与one ,body ,thing构成复合不定代词，它们的用法与some. any 的用法相同。如： -some -any -no -every -body Somebody(有人，某人) Anybody(任何人) Nobody(没有人) Everybody(每人，人人) -one Someone(有人，某人) Anyone(任何人) No one(没有人) Everyone(人人，每人) -thing Something(某事) Anything(任何事) Nothing(没有东西) Everything(一切，事事) Grammar （C） （D） C someone/ somebody, anyone/anybody, and no one/ nobody 以上几个词都是指代人的不定代词，当我们不确定所谈论的人的名字或不需要提及他的名字时，就可以用不定代词来表示。 1.someone/somebody 用来表示“某人”，常用于肯定句中。 e.g. There is someone in the fitting room. Somebody wants to see you at the gate. 2.anybody/ anyone 表示“任何人”。常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何人”的含义时也用anyone/anybody。 e.g. Anyone（who feels tired or weak） should wear red that makes you feel energetic. Has anybody come? There is not anyone in the room. Please tell me at once if anyone calls me. 3. no one/ nobody 表示“没有人”；“没有任何人”。本身是否定词，当然用于否定句中。no one 常用于书面语，nobody常用于口语中。（nobody = not anybody） E.g. No one has come. Nobody knows where he is. 注意：以上不定代词在含义上都是单数，所以后面的动词要用单数形式。 e.g. Somebody has taken away the book. If anyone calls me, tell him Ill come back soon. D something, anything, nothing, none something, anything, nothing, none 也是不定代词，something, anything, nothing 常指物，代表不确定的某样东西或不需要提起名字的某样东西。 none 既可指代人，也可指代物。 1.something 表示“某物”，常用于肯定句中。 e.g. Simon has something in his bag. Something is wrong with my bike. 2.anything常用于否定句和疑问句中。有时在肯定句中或if条件状语从句中要想表达“任何东西”的含义时也用anything。 e.g. For a better life, he will do anything. Did he find anything? She didnt say anything about it. 3.nothing, none 表示否定的意思，none 还可以和of连用，做主语或宾语。(具体区别请参与第四项)（nothing = not anything） e.g. I have nothing to say. None of us want(s）to go there. -Are there any cakes in the fridge? -No, there is none left. 学习时请特别注意以下几点： 1.以上不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式. Everything is ready, Lets start our party. 2.不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时, 该形容词、动词不定式要放在其后。 There is nothing wrong with your computer. 3.在表示请求、建议或邀请等期待一个肯定回答时，用some系列, 而不用any系列。 Can you do something for me? I really need your help. (表请求) Could you pass me something to drink?(表请求) Why not ask someone for help?(表建议) Arent you do something for you son? (希望得到肯定回答) 你难道不打算为你儿子做点事吗？ 4. any系列一般用于否定句和疑问句中，但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if条件从句中，表示“任何人（物）”的含义. Anyone (who goes into this room) will be punished.(处罚) 5.当句中有little, seldom, hardly，without等半否定意义的动词、形容词、介词或如tooto等具有否定意义的其它结构时，通常用any系列词项。如： I have finished it without anyones help. I am too busy to play with anybody. 6.every系列一般用于肯定句中，如果用于否定句则表求部分否定（不完全否定）。如： Not everyone likes sandwiches.(不是每个人都喜欢吃三明治) 7.在everyone, everybody, nobody, no one(指人的不定代词)出现的上下文中，要用复数人称代词与之对应。 Everybody is busy, and they are working on the farm. Everyone was running as fast as they could. 8. 当陈述句的主语是指人的复合不定代词（-one,-body）时，其反意疑问部分的主语用they， 当陈述句的主语是指物的复合不定代词（-thing）时，其反意疑问部分的主语用it. Everyone is here , arent they? 人都到了，是吗？ Everything is ready, isnt it ? 一切准备好了，是吗？ Somebody is waiting for me at the gate , aren t they? 有人在门口等我，是吗？ 9.回答how many 或how much开头的问句用 none, 回答who开头的问句用 nobody 或no one 回答what 引导的问句用nothing。如： -How many boys are there in the classroom? -None. -Who is in the classroom ? -Nobody./No one. -Whats she doing? -Nothing. 10.注意none, nothing, no one的区别: none 可以和of 连用，其它的不能和of连用; none 与all 反义。（详见第四部分） 以下为附加内容： 四、none用法补充：none既可指人，也可指物，它只是指在一定范围内，代替上下文已出现过的名词。 none可指没有人或没有东西，在句中作定主语或宾语。作主语时，谓语动词可用单数。也可用复数。如： “How many birds are there in the tree?”“None”.“树上有多少只鸟？”“一只也没有”。 “Are there any students in the classroom?”“None”. “教室里有学生吗？”“一个也没有。” I understood none of the questions. 这些问题我都不懂。 I wanted some ropes but there wa