2015仁爱英语中考复习-冠词用法-中考冠词考点-巩固练习

2015年中考复习-冠词篇专题 冠词冠词定冠词不定冠词theaan零冠词不用冠词 知识概要冠词在英语中只有3个词，分为两类：不定冠词a与an，定冠词the。 a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前，an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物，可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。一、不定冠词的用法 (a/an)基本用法例句1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物This is a book.这是一本书。2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他种类A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。3. 泛指某人或某物A girl is waiting for you.有个女孩在等你。4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于everytwo kilometers an hour 每小时两千米five lessons a week 一星期五节课twice a month 一个月两次5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”There is a strong wind in South China.在华南地区将有一股强风。6. have/take+a+“抽象名词”与该名词的动词同义have a swim=swimhave a walk=walkhave a talk= talkhave a look= lookhave a dance=dancehave a drink=drinkhave a rest= rest 7. 用于某些固定词组中a few/a little/a bit 一点儿have a cold 感冒have a good time 玩得高兴，过得愉快live a life 过着生活in a hurry 匆忙for a while 过了一会儿a great many 许多a number of 许多make a face 做鬼脸7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前a knife and a fork 一副刀叉二、定冠词的用法 (the)1. 表示双方都知道的或事物Give me the book, please.请给我那本书。2. 表示特指或者上文已提到过的人或事物I have a book. The book is very interesting.我有一本书。这本书很有趣。3. 表示世界上独一无二的事物The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。4. 用在序数词、形容词最高级前面，以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前The first lesson is very easy.第一课很简单。He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的一个。She is the most careful student in my class.她是我们班最认真的学生。5. 用于姓氏的复数形式表示一家人或夫妻俩The Greens are watching TV now.格林一家人现在正在看电视。6. 用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物The orange is orange.橘子是橘黄色的。7. 用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前提示例外的情况: Mount Tai 泰山China Daily 中国日报The Great wall 长城The United States 美国The Summer Palace 颐和园8. 与某些形容词连用表示一类人The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。9. 用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前Jilin is in the north of China.吉林位于中国的北部。I like playing the piano.我喜欢弹钢琴。10. 用在固定词组中in the morning/In the afternoon/In the evening 在早晨/中午/晚上in the daytime 在白天in the end 最后all the time 一直at the same time 同时by the way 顺便说in the open air 在户外at the age of 在岁时at the beginning 在开始时on the other side of 在的另一边in the middle of 在中间注意：1. 当定冠词与all, half, both, double等词连用修饰名词时，定冠词放在这些词之后。 Look, all the books are here. 瞧，所有的书都在在这儿。 Both the boys are from Class 1, Grade 2. 这两个男孩都是二年级一班的。 They walked half the journey. 他们走了旅程的一半。2. 当定冠词与表示倍数、分数的词连用时，需要放在这词之后。 The bed is three times the size of that one. 这张床是那张床的3倍大。 The rope is one third the length of that one. 这根绳子是那根绳子的1/3长。三、零冠词的用-不用冠词的一些场合1. 某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国家、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词China is a great country.Mary lives in New York.2. 名词前已经有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰时，不用冠词Every student likes English in our class.3. 表示节日、日期、星期、月份、季节的词前面，但若特指某年的某月份或某年的季节，则需要在月份、季节前面加theJune 1 is Childrens Day.Spring comes after winter.4. 称呼或表示头衔的名词前This is Professor Li.Whats wrong, Granny?5. 三餐、球类及学科名词前（若三餐前用零冠词，但如果三餐前有形容词修饰，则要用冠词。）We all like English.After a quick breakfast, he went to work.6. “专有名词+普通名词构成”的名称Nanjing Road7. 与by连用的交通工具名称前By bus, by train8. 公共节假日名称之前New Years Day9. 用在表特定的公园、街道、车站、学校、桥等名词前Peoples Park10. 在一些成对出现的短语中arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）四、需要注意的一些问题1. a/an的使用的情况a 用于元音音素an 用于辅音音素a good student 一个好学生a useful book 一本有用的书 /ju:sfl /a university 一所大学 /,ju:nvst /a one-hour trip 一次一个小时的旅行 / wn /an easy wayThere is an “f” in the word “five”.有一个“f”在5这个单词里。an hour 一个小时 /au/an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩子 /nst/an umbrella 一把雨伞 /mbrel /2. 序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别the+序数词表示“第几”a+序数词表示“又一，再一”The cake is delicious, and I would like a second one.蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一块。3. 在句型“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位”中要用the,而不用物主代词。 动词人介词the人体部位含义takesb.bythe hand抓住某人的手hitsb.on the head打某人的头pat sb.on the shoulder拍某人的肩he face打某人的脸4. 名词被其他词修饰，不定冠词a或an的位置需要注意(1) such/half/what/many + a+名词 He left in such hurry that he forgot to close the door. It took me half an hour to write the letter. What an interesting book it is! Many a man has gone to the big cities for work. 许多人到大城市去打工。(2) so/how/too+形容词+a/an+名词 She was so nice a girl that she took the bind man to the station. How nice a film this is!(3) quite/ rather + a/an+形容词+名词 a/an + very+形容词+名词 quite a good book 一本有用的书 rather a useful tool 非常用用的工具 a very interesting story 一个非常有趣的故事5. 有定冠词与无定冠词的区别1. go to school 上学（是学生）go to the school 到学校去（不一 定是学生）2. go to bed 就寝，上床睡觉go to the bed 向床边走去，走到床关（不一定是睡觉）3. in hospital 因病住院in the hospital 在医院里（不一定是病人）4. at table 吃饭at the table 在桌子旁边5. at school 在上学at the school 在学校里6. in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里7. in future 今后in the future 将来8. in front of （外部的）前面in the front of （内部的）前面9. next year 明年the next year 第二年10. by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边 11. in bed （睡、病、躺）在床上in the bed （某物）在床上12. on earth 究竟on the earth 在地球上13. take place 发生take the place 代替14. go to church 做礼拜go to the church 到教堂去15. on horseback 骑着马on the horse back 在马背上16. two of us 我们当中的两人 the two of us 我们两人（共计两人）17. out of question 毫无疑问out of the question不可能， 不允许，不值得讨论 (二) 正误辨析误This building is an university.正This building is a university.析a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是j，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是错句，应为：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音，所以应该用an hour。例如：I need an hour to finish the work.It is a useful dictionary.It is a European country.I bought a used car.正I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.误I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.析因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy。正“Can you help me” “Sorry. Im in a hurry.”误“Can you help me” “Sorry, Im in hurry.”析不定冠词的主要用法如下：1. 用来表示一类人或事物，如：She is a teacher.2. 指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.4. 相当于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.5. 其主要的难点是用在固定词组中：如：have a walk/a rest /a look又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙make a face 作鬼脸do somebody a favour 帮某人忙a number of =many又如：have a good time (玩得好)have a cold (感冒)have a headache (头痛)have a break=have a rest误I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。正Please turn off the lights before you leave.误Please turn off lights before you leave.析虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。误There are nine planets around a sun.正There are nine planets around the sun.析世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.正I live on the second floor of this building.误I live on a second floor of this building.析在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：He is the oldest in the family.正I want to learn a second language this term.误I want to learn the second language this term.析在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用a，本句的意思应为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。误Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.正The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.析在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：the Yellow River(黄河)。误Look, there are Alp.正Look, there are the Alps.误Look, there are the Alp.析具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加s，来表示山脉。the Alps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.正The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.误Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析报刊名称前应加定冠词。误Rich are not always happy.正The rich are not always happy.析在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.正I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.误I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.析物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。误The sun rises in east.正The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future正Do you know who invented the telephone误Do you know who invented telephone析在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词，如：the English Channel 英吉利海峡the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河误Would you please buy some food for the supper正Would you please buy some food for supper析泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.误I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.析一年四季前不用定冠词，如：Spring is the best season in a year.正Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.误Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.析有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词，如：go to school上学，leave school(辍学)，after school(放学)，但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词，如例句中其父母来校不是上学，而是看望孩子，则要加定冠词。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在医院住院两天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去医院看望他的母亲。误I bought a same dictionary as she bought.正I bought the same dictionary as she bought.析在惯用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。误The police caught the thief by his arm.正The police caught the thief by the arm.析这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处，也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词，如：catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike (打),pat(拍)，hit(击)，hold(握)，pull(拉)动词后应加人，再加介词on, by, in, with之后要加定冠词，再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his, her, their, 等词。正He was paid by the hour.误He was paid by hour.析by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。这句话应译为：他的工资是按小时计算的。误I went to New York by his car.正I went to New York by car.正I went to New York in his car.析by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具，而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如：by car (坐小汽车)by taxi (坐出租车)by bike (骑自行车)by water (乘船)by air (乘飞机)by sea (乘船)正Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.误Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.析在乐器前要加定冠词，而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词，如：They like to play bridge when they are free. (他们空闲时爱打桥牌)误The little boy wanted to go to cinema.正The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.析英语中虽有一些名词与go to连用时不加定冠词，以表示该名词的内涵，如：go to school (上学)，go to bed(睡觉)等，但去看电影则例外，要用go to the cinema.这也是语言的一个特点。误I live at 105 the Lake street.正I live at 105 Lake Street.析街道名称前不用冠词。正Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm.误Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm.析country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式，作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如：Japan is a country .Japan, China, India are Asian countries.误The picture looks better at the distance.正The picture looks better at a distance.析at a distance意为“离开一定距离”。而in the distance为“远方，远处”。这样常用的词组有：as a rule (照例)in a hurry (匆忙)in the morning/afternoon (上/下午)in the sun (在阳光下)in the rain (雨中)in the same way (同样)in the shade (在阴凉处)in the day time (白天)in the end (最终)on the other hand (换句话说)on the contrary (相反)正The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in hand.误The little boy and girl walk along the street a hand in a hand.析这是英语中的习惯用法，如：bit by bit (逐渐)day after (by) day (一天又一天)day and night (日日夜夜)face to face (面对面)from A to Z (自始至终)from time to time (再三)hand in hand (手拉手)shoulder by shoulder (肩并肩) 冠词专题基础型练习（ ）1. -What does your son do now? -Oh, he is _ university student. He entered _ university last year.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a（ ）2. - What happened? - They left in such _ hurry that they forgot to lock _ door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a（ ）3. There were two small rooms in the house, _ smaller of which served as _ kitchen.A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a（ ）4. I ordered _ book some time ago. _ book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The（ ）5. Mr Smith is _ European and his wife is _ American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a（ ）6. _ young man beside me is _ university studentA. A, aB. A, theC. The, theD. The, a（ ）7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once _ month. A. aB. anC. theD. every（ ）8. He was absent because he had caught _.A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy cold D. heavy cold（ ）9. France is _ European country. India is _ Asian country.A. the, aB. a, aC. /, /D. /, a（ ）10. In winter _ people often hang up wet clothes near _ fire.A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a（ ）11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have _ third try.A. aB. theC. anotherD. other（ ）12. He is _ only child in his family.A. aB. theC. anD. /（ ）13. _ horse is _ useful animal.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, anD. /, a（ ）14. Tom left Shanghai in _.A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 1995（ ）15. _ children here live _ happy life.A. The, theB. The, a C. The, /D. /, the（ ）16. The soldier died during _ World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a（ ）17. China is country with _ a long history.A. aB. theC. anD. /（ ）18. Alice is _ of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller（ ）19. - Can your sister play _? - No, but she can play _.A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano（ ）20. The in