English 论文 商务英语中的平行结构与翻译.doc

Parallelism and Translation in Business EnglishGoing abroad for further study has become a fashionable trend for most Chinese students who are eager to adapt the informative society with the drastic employment competition coming in the 21st century during which good-will visits are common and cross-border trades get frequently conducted between two corporations or among more than two companies from two or more countries. English, as the main communicative language in the world, just like waters and air, plays an indispensable part in business deal so that business English takes its prodigious function gradually in process of the social development and advance. Generally speaking, most cross-trades can be conducted normally with the help of English with the exception of that trading in other languages. Whatever it is for oral English or written English, sentence structure is essentially of importance especially in written business English. Smashing sentence constructions often create consummate business English and a deal is performed. Parallelism, as one of sentence structures in English, which is also called parallel structure added to the beauty and harmony of business English. Parallelism is a sort of widely-used and effective rhetorical and expressing method which is useful for learning and grasping Business to research and understand it and its translation technique. Using parallel structure correctly and properly not only makes the sentence neat, periodic and symmetrical with great attraction but also make pronunciation coherent and smooth with strong rhythm. The original style should be reproduced based on honesty and the beauty of the original appear in front of readers and audience who are brought into a state full of comfort and pleasure. The classification of the parallelism in Business English includes the follows: parallelism of several single words, phrases, compound sentence, subordinate clause and others. Whatever formation the sentence uses to construct the parallelism, it aims to reach a purpose of shape and meaning at a rhetorical method. The parallelism includes parallelism of lexical words, phrase, coordinate sentence, subordinate clause, comprehensive sentence with variety of patterns mixed of lexical words, phrase, coordinate sentence, subordinate clause etc, and so forth. 1. The parallelism of words includes parallelism of noun, verb, adjective, and so forth. The following takes some sentences for examples of these parallelisms. a) Parallelism of noun: Work pressure and tension, which do bad effect on health, life and psychology of employees, bring problems for individual and corporation. Translation: 工作压力和紧张给员工身体、生活及心理健康都带来了很大的影响，这不仅给个人而且给公司都造成了巨大的问题和损害。b) Parallelism of verb: Trade communication and information are the same all over the world because people who are on the earth and who are enough wise wake, understand and react to and respond to the same motives and chances which are brought by social activities. Translation: 贸易沟通与获得信息的技巧在全球都雷同的，因为只要是地球上的人，而且只要足够聪明，都能够被社会活动所带来的刺激和机遇唤醒，并对其作出深刻调查分析理解，然后进一度作出回应并决定是否采取相应措施。c) Parallelism of adjective: Our products are superior, exquisite, and durable. Translation: 我们的产品质量上层，而且精美耐用。d) Parallelism of adverb:Our factory holds two pattern of marketing and we sell the products directly or indirectly so that it is feasible for you to cooperate with us and buy our commodity whatever you are at the name of individual or organization. Translation: 我公司营销模式有两种，我们产品可直销最终顾客，也可托销，因此无论您是以个人名义还是公司销售商名义与我们合作并购买我公司产品都将是可行的。 2. The following is the main sorts of parallelism of phrase.a) Parallelism of noun phrase Doing business needs quite-sharp insight and wide-range thought and then there is a vacancy for you in the business field. Translation; 做生意需要快捷敏锐的洞察力和广泛开阔的思维能力，若此两种能力皆具备，那你在商业界才能立于不败之地。b) Parallelism of adjective phrase Our strategy of marketing is not yet try-my-product but buy-my-brand pattern in the competitive world. We believe our products will capture your appetite. Translation: 在竞争激烈的当今，我们的营销模式不再是“购买我们的产品”，而是“购买我们的品牌”。我们坚信，我们的产品终会捕获您的芳心。c) Parallelism of prepositional phrase Based on the situation of rapid competition recently, wise organization will adapt their strategy to meet the shift from fat and long lines to thin and short lines for the purpose of existing in the field of business and obtaining more further interests。 Translation: 根据目前激烈竞争的商业环境，明智的企业会适度调整其策略，从多而杂系列向少而精系列转变，以求屹立于商业界并获得更长远的经济利益。d) Parallelism of infinitive phrase As a specialized and world-distinguished packing corporation, we promise to aid, to study, to supervise, to improve and to renovate the quality of packing, packaging, service, and after-service. Translation: 作为一家专业化的世界知名包装公司，我们郑重向您承诺，我们会援助、监督、改善并革新我们包装、包装方法、现时服务和售后服务的质量。e) Parallelism of gerund phrase Establishing brand is equal to enhance the direct credibility degree; On the contrary improving quality is equal to modeling the brand of one product. Translation; 建立品牌等同于提高信誉度；相反，提高质量也即构建品牌的过程。f) Parallelism of participle phrase3. The following is the main parallelism of the compound sentence For our commodity, the quality is superior; The price is reasonable; The use is durable. Translation: 我们的商品质量上层，价格合理，经久耐用。 The worse the quality, the lower the credibility. Translation: 质量越差，信誉越低。4. The following is the main sorts of parallelism of subordinate clausea) Parallelism of nominal clause: Business conductive philosophy affects not only how the corporation manages but also what direction it leads to. Translation: 生意运营理念不仅影响企业管理模式，而且决定着企业发展方向。b) Parallelism of adjective clause: Marketing managers who consider quality as a king of long-term marketing strategy of company are more farsighted than those who just treat it as a short-term way of interest-earning. Translation: 比起那些只把产品质量看作短期获利手段的市场经理，那些能够视产品质量为公司长期营销模式的市场经理是更具远见卓识。c) Parallelism of adverb clause: Often firms tend to bankrupt when they can not afford to manage their affairs and tend to expand to become stronger when they can deal with variety of difficulties methodically. Translation: 通常情况下，当企业没能力正常处理日常事务时就有破产的危险，而企业能够井然有序地处理内部事务，那他们就会越来越壮大。5. The following is parallelism of comprehensiveness mixed with lexical words, phrase, coordinate sentence, subordinate sentence and others.a) Parallelism of the coordinate structure of using “whetheror” “eitheror” etc. to concatenate several similar parties”: The formulating strategy of commodity price, whether it depends on the quality of product or brand of it, is oriented either toward more profits, toward market share, or toward long-term development. Translation: 公司在制定产品价格策略时，无论其是基于产品质量还是产品品牌，其目的都是为了，获得更多利润，占有更广市场份额，并取得长期发展。b) Parallelism of “noun phrase + verb phrase”: Reasonable price is united with superior quality, which pushes the product get profound credibility from customers and obtain extensive marketing share. Translation: 合理价格联合上层质量更能赢得顾客的信任并获得更广泛的市场份额。c) Parallelism of “gerund phrase + noun phrase”: Exploring market needs part correct and accurate decision and part spectacular and broad ambition, courage and insight. Translation: 开拓市场既需要精确的决策，又需要宏大的抱负、坚毅的勇气和敏锐的洞察力。d) Parallelism of “noun phrase + participle phrase”: Friendliness-to-customer and customer-first are philosophy of service in the company and is observed and conducted by all personnel. Translation: 友好对顾客和顾客至上是该公司的服务理念，多少年来一直受其所有员工遵守并践行着。e) Parallelism of “participle + adverb clause”: Company can augment profit through expanding amounts of commodity when it is in boom season through carrying out new and fresh product when is in slack season. Translation: 旺季期，公司可扩大商品销售量来增加收益；旺季期，可通过开发新产品提供新服务来维持利润。f) Parallelism of “ compound + adjective clause”: Materials firms sell their products that they produce and service groups sell their service that they provide. Whether it is firm of materials or service, promoting workers who understand how to communicate with their clients measurably are wiser than those who know nothing about skill of communication. Translation: 实物公司销售其产品，服务公司公司出售其服务。无论是实物销售还是服务销售，比起那些对交流技巧一无所知的销售人员，那些懂得如何合理与顾客交流的销售人员显得更智慧。These examples mentioned above are involved in diversely sundry forms of parallelism in business English. Parallelism gives readers a feeling of richness in meaning, concentration in expression, distinction in expression and highlight in figure and readers tend to accept and understand the meaning when they read the business article. Then, the translating technique of parallelism is a significant problem in the process of translation in that the translating result is not only oriented to expressing the direct meaning but also oriented to delivering the deep message and making it vivid and visualized. The active effects of parallelism in English from dictionary English Rhetorical Options can be understood better. The dictionary annotates the parallelism like this: We will say parallelism is one of the most frequently used of all English rhetorical devices, and any one who has learnt to use it with ease in all its varieties will find it an invaluable aid in making his or her writing clear and effective. English Rhetorical Options explains about what is parallelism as following: In parallel construction it is necessary to balance word with word (noun with noun, verb with verb, adjective with adjective, etc.), phrase with phrase, clause with clause, sentence with sentence. Parallelism is regularly employed in listing of facts, ideas, events，etc., and the parallel elements may range from a minimum of two to any number required. To make the parallelism clear, it is essential to repeat, as the case demands, the marker of the parallelism, such as an article, a preposition, the to of an infinitive, or the introductory word of a main subordinate clause. Now that parallelism is so significant and serviceable with the effect of making the content correct, smooth, clear and coherent in business, grasping proficiently its technique and knack of translation will do prodigious good for whatever the specialized translator or interpreter and ordinary being. How to learn and master the technique and knack of translation of English business document?The translation principle observes main three principles, that is, the professional principle of parallelism translation, the universal principle of parallelism translation, the cultural principle of parallelism translation. The professional principle refers to that the translation is faithful to certain custom of certain field, which means that jargon occupies a indispensable role in the process of translation. Browsing the departed business document and file, we can see that there are a number of professional terminologies comprised in the content. More attention is worth paying to general lexical words which are translated out at a fully new point of view. For example, the businessman will sell all his commodity and gives house property as securities. Here the word “security” can not be translated into “安全” but “抵押”. The universal principle requests that translators possess overall and extensive knowledge involved diversity of every aspect and grasp skillfully technique of translation and communication with foreigners so they can translate smoothly, loyally and authentically the content into foreign languages. The cultural principle does with more extensive understanding for culture and custom of other countries so the style of translation lays emphasis on friendliness, indirect and pure-heartedness and try not to run counter to other traditional habits. The translation method covers main three descriptions, that is, the translation technique based on lexical words, the translation technique based on phrase, the translation technique based on sentence. For the first technique if translation, using the similar characteristic or property of a certain Chinese word to translate to reach the purpose of making original orderly. For instance, Haier is a very reliable and respected company in China, whose translation is “海尔在中国是一家非常值得信赖并受人尊敬的公司”. Here the word “reliable” and “respected” are a pair of parallelism of adjective and orderly characteristic of adjective Chinese words correspondently to translate this sentence mentioned above. For the second technique of translation, using similar Chinese phrase in structure to translate so as to maintain the sentence is antithetical in structure and fluent and coherent in pronunciation. For instance, in the east, it is one of the best known companies; in the west, it is one of the best kept secrets, whose translation is “在东方家喻户晓；在西方无不称奇”. For the third technique of translation, the translation request not only delivering basic meaning but also keeping original style and showing the mien of original. Comprehending the structure of the whole sentence, grasping the tone and context of the whole sentence and connecting business knowledge make the translation more authentic and easily acceptable. For example, the translation of the sentence “They are a firm in the way of privatization and their shares are to be issued next week” is “对方是一家正在向民营化转制的公司，其股票将于下周发行”. There are some problems, which conclude that whether its structure is on parallel, whether there is any error on logic, whether its subject and predicate on each part are matched correctly and whether its ellipsis part is reasonable, on parallelism and its translation that need to pay particular attentions to. It is equally important for translators who are eager to perform a excellent business English translation and delivering task to show solicitude for the sentence grammar, logic and rhetorical expression. As translators, being patient is as serviceable and significant as graspi