高中英语人教大纲第二册下：Unit20 rcheology(备课资料).doc

Reference for Teaching.异域风情Kings mummy tells of pastAn Englishman and a group of Egyptian workers were digging in a dry,rocky valley in Egypt.It was 1922.And the Englishman,Howard Carter,was a scientist studying ancient Egypt.He had already discovered several tombs.Day after day they worked in the burning heat,searching for the hidden tomb of an ancient boy kingTutankhamun（图坦卡蒙）.King Tutankhamun,called King Tut for short,probably began ruling Egypt in 1333 BC when he was only about eight years old.Ten years later,the young ruler died.The Egyptians buried King Tut in a tomb carved into rocky cliffs.The cliffs were in an area people now call the Valley of the Kings.Many Pharaohs（法老）,or Egyptian kings,during King Tuts time chose to be buried in hidden tombs in this valley.They didnt want thieves to rob treasures in their graves.Buried with jewelsAncient Egyptians buried their kings with everything from food and clothing to jewels and thrones（宝座）.They believed the king would need these things in the life after death.But such treasures attracted thieves.Carter and the workers used shovels(铁铲),picks(镐)and even their bare hands to take away tons of rubble（碎石）.It was slow work.For five years they had worked very hard but found nothing useful.Then one day,a young worker needed a flat place to rest his water jar.So he kicked some rocks away.His heel(脚后跟)struck something hard.He called to the other workers and they found a white step,then another.Were these steps the entrance（入口）to the tomb of the boy kings?The steps led down to a doorway.Carter recognized a royal seal（王室图章）stamped on the door.This meant the tomb was for someone important.Shocked,Carter sent a message to Lord Carnarvon,a wealthy Englishman who had paid for Carters trip,asking him to hurry to Egypt.When Lord Carnarvon arrived,the group found some writing at the base of the tomb door.Carter read the ancient lettersthey spelled Tutankhamun!The team broke down the stone door.Behind it was a long passage leading to a second door.Carter cut a hole in it.A puff（一股）of stale（不新鲜的），warm,3000-year-old air came out from the room on the other side.Shaking with excitement,Carter thrust a candle through the hole in the door so he could see.Glittering gold was everywhere.There were gold covered couches(睡椅）,statues（雕像）,musical instruments,a throne and much more.It was indeed part of King Tuts tomb!Afterwards,they found the burial chamber（墓室）.Before the team could open the doors behind which lay King Tuts mummy,Carter had to write down everything found,then draw pictures of it.Finally,he had to remove all the objects from the tomb and safely store them.Each object was an important clue to understanding this ancient civilization.Carter didnt want anything to get lost or broken.In 1924,Carter was ready to raise the heavy stone lid on the huge stone coffin（棺材）covered with gold.Two more coffins were inside the first.The last coffin was solid gold.It was the most richly decorated（装饰）of all.Inside lay the kings mummy.King Tut was wrapped in strips of linen cloth（亚麻布条）held together with golden bands（带子）.Seeing the bodyCarter carefully removed the gold mask(面具)from the mummys head.He stared at the kings mummified head and body and asked himself,“How had the king died at such a young age?”Even 80 years after the discovery of King Tuts tomb,people today still dont know how the boy king died.But his tomb was the first ancient Egyptian kings grave found in the Valley of the Kings that thieves hadnt emptied.Most of the tombs objects are on display in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.But King Tuts mummy still rests in the tombs bural chamber.知识归纳1.名词作定语在现代英语中，名词作定语的情况十分常见。作定语的名词往往是被修饰的名词所表示的事情发生的地点、时间或该事物的归属、材料、用途、类别、内容、对象等。（1）地点或所属关系Beijing University 北京大学body temperature 体温the school bus 校车（2）时间the dinner party 晚宴会the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋时期evening suits 晚礼服(3)材料a bamboo pole 竹竿a diamond ring 钻石戒指paper money 纸币（4）用途功能telephone poles 电线杆a gas station 加油站trade unions 工会（5）内容a story book 故事书oxygen supply 氧气供给the sports meet 运动会（6）类别a model worker 模范工作者cherry trees 樱桃树a bus driver 公共汽车司机(7)对象、方面、手段、性别等the head engineer 主任工程师radio broadcasts 无线广播question views 问题观点mother crocodile 母鳄鱼2.动词+sb.+of+sth.结构的归纳我们在学习中经常遇见“动词+sb.+of sth.”结构，现将适合于这种结构的动词归纳如下：（1）remind sb.of sth.（sb.）使某人想起某事（某人）The story reminds me of my past.这个故事使我想起了我的过去。She reminds me of my mother.她使我想起了我的母亲。(2)rob sb.of sth.抢某人某物The man robbed him of his money.那个人抢走了他的钱。(3)rid sb.of sth.使某人摆脱某物You should rid yourself of that bad habit.你必须改掉那个坏习惯。(4)tell sb.of sth.给某人讲述某事He told me of his trouble.他把他的烦恼告诉了我。(5)inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事He informed me of his safe arrival at the USA.他告知我他已平安到达美国。(6)cheat sb.of sth.骗走某人某物The man cheated the old lady of all her money.那人骗走了老太太所有的钱。(7)clear sb. of sth.清除某人某事The witness cleared me of my suspicion.那证人消除了我的疑虑。(8)cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的疾病，纠正某人的坏习惯This medicine cured him of his headache.这种药治好了他的头痛。He was cured of his habit of drinking.他已改掉喝酒的习惯了。(9)warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事（还可以说warn sb.against sth.）We warned him of the danger.我们警告他有危险。(10)persuade sb.of sth.使某人信服某事He tried to persuade me of his honesty.他设法使我相信他的诚实。(11)break sb.of sth.使某人改掉某种习惯Its not easy to break him of his old habit.要使他改掉旧习惯是不容易的。(12)accuse sb.of(doing)sth.控告某人某事，指责某人某事The policeman accused him of murder.警察控告他谋杀。The teacher accused me of being late.老师指责我迟到了。.词语辨析1.climate,weather(1)climate指“一定地方的平均气候或某地长期固定的气候状况”，含科学色彩。如：The climate here is not good for you.这里的气候对你不适宜。The climate of China is very enjoyable in spring.中国春天的气候宜人。(2)weather指“某地方在一天内的天气情况”，包括阴、晴、雨、雾、雪等。如：You should wrap up your throat in this cold weather.在这样的冷天气里，你应当把脖子围起来。The weather has been fine for several days.一连好几天都是晴天。We had a period of hot weather.这里的天气有一段时间很热。Weather permitting,Ill come.只要天气允许，我一定来。注意：weather是个抽象名词（不可数），有总括的意味，其前不加定冠词。可说in such fine weather,不可说in such a fine weather。但指“不论在哪种天气里”时，weather可用复数。如：She goes out in all weathers.不论天气如何，她总出去。2.discover,invent,find out(1)discover指“发现”某种本来存在，而以前未被发现的事物或未为人所知的东西。如：Gilbert discovered electricity,but Edison invented the light bulb.吉伯特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了灯泡。We discovered Mr Wang to be a good teacher.我们发现王先生是个好老师。(2)invent发明，指创造世界上从未有过的东西。如：Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大贝尔于1876年发明了电话。(3)find out常用来指“弄明白，搞清楚、查出（某一真相）”，作“发现”讲时，是指发现一种无形而隐藏的东西。如：He found out a new method.他发现了一种新方法。Think over and youll find out that you are wrong.仔细想想，你就会发现你错了。Youd better go and find out when the train is leaving.你最好去弄清楚火车什么时候离开。Ill try and find out who did it.我要尽力查出那是谁干的。3.hope,wishhope一般侧重于表达有可能实现的愿望，故常译为“希望”；而wish一般侧重于表达不大可能实现或根本不考虑是否可能实现的愿望，故常译为“但愿”。(1)wish和hope均可接不定式作宾语。wish只表示一种愿望，而hope既表示愿望又表示对此很有把握。如：I hope/wish to see you soon.我希望/但愿不久就能见到你。I wish to come tomorrow.(=I want to come but I am not sure whether I can come or not.)但愿我明天能来。I hope to come tomorrow.(=I want to come and I think I can.)我希望明天能来。(2)wish和hope均可接宾语从句。wish常用虚拟语气，表示一种无法实现的或不真实的愿望；而hope用陈述语气，表示很有把握实现或得到。如：I wish I were a bird.(=In fact,I am not a bird and I cant become a bird.)但愿我是一只鸟。I hope she wont come tonight.(=I dont want her to come and she may not come.)我不希望她今晚来。(3)均可与for连用。如：Lets hope for the best.让我们尽量往好处想。He wishes for a dictionary.他想得到一本字典。(4)wish后通常接“宾语+不定式（宾补）”，而hope不行。如：My parents wish(不用hope)me to grow up quickly.我父母希望我快快长大。I wish you to come and join us.我希望你能来和我们在一起。(5)wish后可接双宾语表示“祝愿”，而hope不能。如：I wish（不用hope）you a happy New Year!我祝你新年快乐！（6）作简略回答时，hope后可用替代词so或not，wish不可。如：Do you think he is dead?你认为他死了吗？I hope（不用wish）so/not.但愿如此但愿不至于。.能力训练1.句型转换（每空一词，前后两句意思相同）(1)I bet he had a hand in it.I bet he _ _ _ in it.答案：took a hand(2)In the eyes of your father,youre still a child._ _ _ _,youre still a child.答案：In your fatherss eyes(3)His interest in collecting stamps dates back to his childhood.His interest in collecting stamps _ _ his childhood.答案：dates from(4)Around 200 students took part in the sports meeting._200 students took part in the sports meeting.200 students _ _took part in the sports meeting.答案：About,or so(5)A lot of students were praised at the meeting,including Bob.A lot of students were praised at the meeting,Bob _.答案：included(6)There are a variety of fruits on sale.There are _ _ _ fruits on sale.答案：all kinds of(7)He was not interested in sports.He_ _ _ _ sports.He_ _ _ _ sports.He_ _ _ _ sports. 答案：showed no interest in;took no interest in;had no interest in(8)Each of them has a dictionary._ _ _a dictionary.答案：They each have2.单句改错(1)It is sure that his conclusion is right.答案：应将sure改为certain。因为在it作形式主语的从句中，只能表达成It is certain that而不能表达成It is sure that。(2)Mr Li tried to find who had broken the window.答案：应将find改为find out。因为find和find out均有“发现”之意，但前者指直接的感觉或偶然的“发现”，而后者表达经过一番努力（如：探询、研究、调查）“发现”，其确切意思为“查明，弄清楚”。(3)Out rushed he.答案：应将he放于rushed前。因为副词out放于句首，如主语是人称代词，不用倒装。(4)The book is belonged to him.答案：应将is belonged改为belong。因为belong是不及物动词，没有被动语态。(5)In spring of 1982,an earthquake hit the village.答案：应在spring前加the。因为在这里是特指1982的春天。(6)Edison discovered the light bulb.答案：应将discovered改为invented。详细解释见词语辨析2。(7)They were all very tired,but no one of them would stop to have a rest.答案：应将no one改为none。因为no one单独使用时不可以和of连用。(8)He is weighed 80 kilos.答案：应将is weighed改为weighs。因为weigh作及物动词时，意思为“称”重量，而当“称起来重”讲时为不及物动词。.高考真题1.(2003上海春)More