only的几个主要用法

六级语法：only的几种特殊用法在学习英语的过程中，我们常遇到only与其它词或结构搭配来表达不同的意思，现将这些用法示例一、only引导的词组或句子放在句首作状语时，通常要用倒装结构。如Only in this way can you solve the problem.只有通过这种方式你才能解决问题。Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.只有努力学习才能通过考试。Only then did I realize my mistake.只有那时我才意识到错了。二、not only.(but also)出现在句首时，如果架连接的是两个句子，常用倒装。如Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives.我们不仅丢了钱，还差点把命丢了。Not only did he speak correctly,but he also spoke easily.他不仅说得准确，而且说得很轻松。三、only放在不定式前面，常表示不愉快或出乎人们的意料的结果。如I went all the way to his home only to find him out at a meeting.我径直到他家里去，不料发现他出去开会了。I hurried to the post office only to find it closed.我匆忙赶到邮局，不料已经关门了。She went home only to find her house burglarized.她回到家里，发现房子被盗了。四、“too.to.”结构中，表示否定意思，但在“only too.to.”结构中，only too = very，表示肯定意思。如The patient is too weak to walk.那个病人太虚弱了，走不动。We are only too willing to do it for you.我们非常愿意为你做那事。I am only too delighted to accept your king invitation.我非常高兴地接受你的邀请。五、在“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词，谓语要用复数形式。但在“the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”的结构中，定语从句却被看作修饰“the only one”，谓语动词要用单数形式。如This is one of the best novels that have been published in the past two years.这是近两年出版的最好的小说之一。He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize.他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。She is the only one of the girls who has been to the US.她是那些女孩中唯一去过美国的。六、If only 为虚拟语气的一种，表示愿望或一个未实现的条件，多用于感叹句，其主句常常省略。如If only she would marry me!她要是能和我结婚该多好！If only he had known about it!他那时要是知道这件事该多好！If only you could have been here earlier that day!要是你那天再早点到这就好了。If only there were forty-eighty hours in a day.要是一天有48个小时就好了。六级语法：主谓倒装主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。而倒装语序中又有全部倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）两种情况。首先，在全部倒装的句子中，要把整个谓语放在主语的前面去而构成倒装语序。例如：There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.（在There be的句式中，There只是个引导词而不是主语，真正的主语是后面作表语的名词或者名词短语。因此，There be的句式都是全部倒装的句子。）演讲厅里有大量的学生。When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .（此句是为了描述情节的需要，把倒装当着修辞的手段而写成了全部倒装句。句子的主语是a mid-aged man，谓语是stood 。）当他向房门跑去时，那儿正立着一位手里拿着一盏灯笼的中年男人。另外，在部分倒装的句子中，只把谓语的一部分（如情态动词、助动词、或是系动词be）放到主语的前面去，构成倒装语序。例如：Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon? （句子的谓语是are going to take part，are是句子的谓语的一部分；句子的主语是you 。所以，此句是部分倒装的句子。疑问句都是部分倒装句。）你打算去参加星期五与会计系进行的足球赛吗？Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang .（由于语法要求的原因，本句写成了部分倒装的句子。它的自然语序应该是：When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.）他还未做完试卷，下课铃就响了。了解了倒装语序的构成情况后，我们再来看看倒装语序在各种不同类句子中的使用情况：A. 在疑问句中各种疑问句一般地说都是倒装语序。例如：Will they come to see us this weekend ? 这个周末他们将来看我们吗？Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?你们是在谈论你们上周一看的那部电影吗？Can you speak another foreign language except English?除开英语，你还能说另一种外语吗？Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?你在哪儿买的这本词典，是在附近的书店还是在新华书店？She is not a student, isnt she ? 她不是个学生，对吗？B. 在感叹句中某些感叹句也用倒装语序。例如：Is nt it a beautiful garden ! 多么美丽的花园啊！What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美丽的花园啊！（在这种句式中，主语在谓语之前，属于自然语序。对于主语和谓语而言，语序没有倒装。）Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !你见过那个孩子像他这么调皮！C. 在陈述句中陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序；但由于英语语法的某些原因，陈述句也要使用倒装语序。这些原因大致可以归纳1) 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用so + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语或neither / nor + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示与前面所述的肯定情况相同， 第二个句式表示与前面所述的否定情况相同。例如：His brother is a college student; so is mine.他弟弟是大学生，我弟弟也是。His brother is not a college student; nor is min .他弟弟不是大学生，我弟弟也不是。He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.他曾去国外深造过，我也去过。He didnt use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.他没去国外深造过，我也没有。One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.我的一个朋友会说三门外国语，他的妻子也会。One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语，他的妻子也不会。They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .他们正在为期末考试作准备，我们也一样。They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .他们没在为期末考试作准备，我们也没有。2）具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时（除否定词修饰主语外），句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner (than), hardly (when), not only (but also), not until ,等。例如：Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。Not until twelve oclock did he go to bed last night .他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。So far as I know seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.就我所知，玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . （否定词修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。） 去年秋天，这儿几乎没下一滴雨。英语六级语法：多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -出处-材料性质，类别-名词a small round tablea tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car典型例题:1） Tony is going camping with _ boys.A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little other two答案：C。由限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。3) - How was your recent visit to Qingdao?- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+those + three + beautiful + large + square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table【针对性句型】1. 我深信： I am greatly convinced (that)从句/I am greatly assured (that)从句【例】 我深信预防胜于治疗。=I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure. 2. 是很容易证明的： It can be easily proved (that)从句【例】 时间最珍贵是很容易证明的。=It can be easily proved that nothing is more precious than time。3. 无论如何强调都不为过： .cannot be overemphasized【例】 交通安全的重要性无论如何强调都不为过。=The importance of traffic safety cannot be overemphasized。4. 在我看来；我认为: In my opinion./To my mind./As far as I am concerned./I am of the opinion that从句【例】 在我看来，打电子游戏既花费时间又有损健康。=In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health。5. 不用说: It goes without saying that从句/Needless to say that从句/It is obvious that从句/Obviously,主语+谓语(+宾语)【例】 不用说，早睡早起是值得的。=It goes without saying that it pays to keep early hours。6. 是不可能的；无法: There is no+doing sth. /There is no way of+doing sth. /There is no possibility of+doing sth. /It is impossible to do sth. /It is out of the question to do sth. /No one can+do sth. /.cannot+do sth。【例】 不可否认，事业成功的关键在于身心健康。=There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind。7. 人人知晓/毫无疑问： Everyone knows (that)从句/There is no doubt that从句【例】 毫无疑问，近视在我国的年青人中是一个严重的问题。=There is no doubt that near?sightedness is a serious problem among the youth in our country。8. 是必要的： It is necessary that+主语 (+should)+谓语是重要的： It is important/essential+that 主语 (+should)+谓语是适当的： It is proper that+主语 (+should)+谓语是紧急的： It is urgent that+主语 (+should)+谓语【例】 我们应当保持公共场所的清洁。=It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean。#p#副标题#e#9. 据说: It is said that从句一般认为： It is thought that从句众所周知： It is known that从句据报道： It is reported that从句一般估计： It is estimated that从句【例】 众所周知，阅读增加我们的知识，开阔我们的心胸。=It is known that reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind。10. 的主要原因是: The main reason why.is that从句【例】 青少年犯罪的主要原因是社会环境逐渐恶化。=The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse。【经典句型】1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases related to smoking. 根据最近的一项调查，每年有400万人死于与吸烟相关的疾病。2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业感到不满。3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网这样受到如此多的表扬和批评。4. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness。许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有利于身体健康。5. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse. 考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前必须采取有效的措施。6. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and great efforts should be made to prot