2012届高考英语二轮 专题语法精选讲义倒装

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考英语二轮专题语法精选讲义倒装届高考英语二轮专题语法精选讲义倒装 英语的基本语序是 主语 谓语 如果将谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前 这种语序 叫倒装 倒装既是一种语法手段 也是一种修辞手段 用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一 句子成分 倒装的原因 语法倒装 由于语法结构的需要 将谓语的全部或一部分移到主语之前 1 一般疑问句 当我们把一个肯定句转变为疑问句时 常把肯定句中的助动词或情态动词放在句首 这类 助动词或情态动词包括 be have can do shall will may must dare need ought 或 used 等 He will do it Will he do it 他会做这件事吗 This is my mobile phone number Is this your mobile phone number 这是你的手机号码吗 提示 如果肯定句中没有助动词或情态动词时 我们可以在句首用 do 的某种形式 以构成倒装 语序 Jack likes to eat fish 杰克喜欢吃鱼 Does Jack like to eat fish 杰克喜欢吃鱼吗 2 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句的构成 特殊疑问词 一般疑问句 What does he like to eat 他喜欢吃什么 When will they go to the Great Wall 他们什么时候去长城 Where did you go last night 昨晚你去哪里了 提示 如果疑问代词在句中做主语 句子不要倒装 Who is not coming to dinner tonight 今晚谁不来吃饭 3 反意问句 在反意问句中 用一般疑问句的形式 前后两分句的主语 人称要一致 前一分句是肯定 反意问句用否定形式 并一定要缩写 前一分句是否定 反意问句用肯定形式 Everything is ready isn t it 一切都准备好了 是吗 Bobbie seldom got drunk did he 博比很少喝醉 是吗 You had a wonderful time last night didn t you 昨天晚上你玩得很愉快 是吗 4 感叹句 英语中的感叹句有时也通过倒装的形式来表达 Here comes Santa Clause 圣诞老人来啦 谓语前置 What bad manners they have 他们真没礼貌 宾语前置 How happy the children are 孩子们多么幸福啊 表语前置 用心 爱心 专心 2 5 某些含有 really 意义的简短表达 也用倒装语序 但它们并不需要任何回答 Elsa saw a snake last night 埃尔莎昨天晚上看到一条蛇 Did she 真的吗 Our new boss is very easygoing 我们的新老板人很随和 Is he 是吗 Philip has already finished his report 菲利普已经完成了他的报告 Has he 真的吗 6 以引导词 there 引起的陈述句 There was nobody in the room 房间里没有人 In the valley there lies a river 山谷里有一条河 There is no harm in trying 不妨一试 7 虚拟条件句 在虚拟语气中 如果不用 if 且从句中有 were had should 等助动词 需将助动词 were had should 放在句首 用倒装语序 If I were a bird I could fly freely Were I a bird I could fly freely 假如我是一只小鸟 我就能自由翱翔 If I had known it earlier I would have lent him the money Had I known it earlier I wouldn t have lent him the money 要是我早知道 这件事 我就不会把钱借给他了 表示祝愿的一些句子 Long live peace 和平万岁 May our friendship be ever lasting 愿我们的友谊长存 8 直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时 You should have been here five minutes ago said the teacher 老师说 你 5 分钟之前就该来了 Douglas said the teacher do be careful next time 道格拉斯 老师说道 下 次一定要小心 B 修辞倒装 为了突出重要的内容 或为了生动地描写动作 人们往往采用修辞倒装 1 为了强调 Never before have we seen such a sight 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景 Only in this way can we learn English well 只有用这种方法 我们才能学好英语 Selfish does our life make us students 是生活把我们的学生变得如此自私 2 为了生动流畅 Up went the rocket into the sky 嗖的一声火箭上了天 Before us lay a lot of difficulties 我们面前有很多困难 Happy are those who are contented 知足者常乐 Next came a man in his forties 接下去进来一个四十多岁的男人 Long did we wait before hearing from her 我们等了很久才收到她的信 用心 爱心 专心 3 C 一些句型的固定用法 Such were his last words 他最后的话就是这样 Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang 我一到家 电话就响了 How came it that she knew the secret 她怎么会知道那个秘密的 二 倒装的种类 英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面 如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来 这称之为完全倒装 如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前 谓语的其他部分仍保留在主 语的后面 这称之为部分倒装 A 完全倒装 完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前 此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种 On her left sat her husband 她左边坐着她丈夫 Here is the book you want 你要的书在这儿 Down went the small boat 小船沉下去了 B 部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分 如助动词或情态动词 移至主语之前 Only by working hard can one succeed 只有努力才能成功 Never have I seen her before 我以前没见过她 提示 如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词 则需添加助动词 do does 或 did 并将其 置于主语之前 Well do I remember the day I joined the League 入团的那一天 我记忆犹新 Little did I think that he could be back alive 我没有想到他竟能活着回来 常见的倒装结构 常见的完全倒装结构 1 there be 句型 There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk 桌上有一个手机和一些书 There are thousands of people gathering on the square 广场上聚集着成千上万的 人 注意 引导词 there 还可以接 appear exist lie remain seem stand live 等词 There lived an old fisherman in the village 村里住着一位老渔夫 There stand two white houses by the river 河滨矗立着两座白房子 There existed some doubt among the students 学生中有些怀疑 2 用于 here there now thus then 动词 主语的句型中 谓语动词多为 be go come 等 Here comes the bus 汽车来了 用心 爱心 专心 4 There goes the bell 铃响了 Now comes my turn 轮到我了 Then came the order to take off 起飞的命令到了 3 以 out in up down off away 等副词开头 谓语动词是表示 移动 的 go come leave 等句子里 Away went the crowd one by one 人们一个一个地离去 In came a stranger in black 进来了一位穿黑衣的陌生人 Down fell the leaves 树叶掉了下来 注意在完全倒装的结构里 如果主语是人称代词 则用正常语序 Out she went 她走了 Here we are 我们到了 4 表示地点的介词词组位于句首 谓语动词是表示 存在 之意的 be lie stand exist 等句子中 South of the lake lies a big supermarket 湖泊的南边是一个大超市 20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming pool 我们学校向东 20 英里有 一个现代化的游泳池 On the floor were piles of old books magazines and newspapers 地板上是一堆堆 旧的书报杂志 5 表语 连系动词 主语 结构 Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year 她很幸运 去年被一所名牌大学录取 Gone are the days when he was looked down upon 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了 Present at the meeting are some well known scientists 一些知名的科学家出席了会议 常见的部分倒装结构 1 含有否定意义的副词或连词 如 not seldom little hardly never rarely nowhere 等 放在句首时 He can not speak a single word of English Not a single word of English can he speak 他连一个英语单词都不会说 He cares little about his clothes Little does he care about his clothes 他不在乎穿着 I have never seen him before Never have I seen him before Never before have I seen him 我以前没见过他 The mother didn t leave the room until the child fell asleep Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room 孩子睡着了 妈妈才离开房间 Not until 引出的主从复合句中 主句倒装 从句不倒装 Churchill was not only a statesman but a poet 用心 爱心 专心 5 Not only was Churchill a statesman but a poet 丘吉尔不仅是个政治家 而且 还是个诗人 I shall by no means give up By no means shall I give up 我决不放弃 必背 表示 刚 就 的倒装结构 Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain 他刚要离开 天就下起了雨 Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang 他刚坐下 手机就响了 No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes 他刚交卷就 意识到出错了 2 副词 only 状语放在句首时 Only then did I see life was not easy 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的 Only in this way can you use the computer well 只有用这种方法你才能把电脑学好 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed 只有他病重时 他才待在 床上 only 状语从句 从句不倒装 主句倒装 3 so 作 也 讲时 引导的句子用倒装语序 表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人 或物 其句型是 So be have 助动词或情态动词 主语 She has been to Tokyo So have I 她去过东京 我也去过 He can send emails to his former classmates So can she 他能电子邮件给以前的 同学 她也能 He went to the film last night So did I 昨天晚上他去看电影了 我也去了 注意 如果对前面所说的内容 加以肯定 或不作 也 讲而只起连词作用 表示一种结 果的意思 那不倒装 Jack won the first prize in the contest 杰克在比赛中获一等奖 So he did 确实是的 It is cold today 今天很冷 So it is and so was it yesterday 确实是很冷 昨天也很冷 His mother told him to go to the film So he did 他母亲叫他去看电影 他就去了 4 Neither nor 引导的句子用倒装语序 用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法 She won 誸 go Neither Nor will I 她不走 我也不 I cannot swim Neither can he 我不会游泳 他也不会 注意 如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定 或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时 用 It is the same with 主语 结构或用 So it is with 主语 结构 He worked hard but didn t pass the exam So it was with his sister 他很努力 但没有通过考试 他妹妹也是这样 既有肯定又有否定 She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching So it is with Mr Li 她是老师 热爱 教书 李先生也是这样 谓语一个是系动词 一个是行为动词 5 so that 和 such that 结构中的 so 或 such 位于句首时 用心 爱心 专心 6 He was so excited that he could not say a word So excited was he that he could not say a word 他如此激动以至于一句话都说 不出来 His anger was such that he lost control of himself Such was his anger that he lost control of himself 他是如此地生气 以至 于他不能控制自己了 6 一些表示频率的副词 如 many a time often 等 位于句首时 I have seen her taking a walk alone many a time Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone 我多次看到她独自一人在散步 She often came to my house in the past Often did she come to my house in the past 过去她常到我家来 7 表示方式 程度的副词位于句首时 Well do I remember the day when I joined the League 我对入团的那一天还记忆犹 新 Gladly would I accept your proposal 我很高兴接受你的建议 8 非谓语动词 be 主语 Covering much of the earth s surface is a blanket of water 覆盖地球大部分表面 的是水 Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies 同时还讨论了 我们在学习中碰到的问题 First to unfold was the map of the world 首先要打开的是世界地图 常见的其他形式的倒装结构 1 宾语位于句首表示强调 The past one can know but the future one can only feel 一个人可以明知过去 但只能感悟未来 What Julia did I cannot imagine 我想象不出朱莉娅做了什么 2 the more the more 结构中的倒装 The harder you work the happier you feel 你越努力工作 就越觉得快乐 表语提 前 The more you study the more you know 你学得越多 就明白越多 宾语提前 提示 有时从句倒装 主句不倒装 I like the painting better the more I look at it 我越看这幅画 就越喜欢它 3 As though 引导的让步状语从句中的倒装 表语提前 构成倒装 Though she is very pretty she is not clever Pretty though she is she is not clever 虽然她很漂亮 但是她不聪明 用心 爱心 专心 7 Although it may appear strange it is true Disabled as he was he tried his best to serve the people 虽然他残疾了 但 他仍尽力为人民服务 Although he is a child he speaks fluent English Child as he is he speaks fluent English 虽然他是个孩子 但能讲流利的英语 名词单数前不用不定冠词 a Though he is the shortest he is the richest of the three Shortest as he is he is the richest of the three 虽然他是三个人中最矮的 却是最富有的 形容词最高级前去定冠词 the 动词提前 构成倒装 Though they searched they could not find anythi