高中英语知识点总结、整理版

2018 2018 高考高考 英语超重点学习营英语超重点学习营 课前资料课前资料 目录 目录 一 重点单词一 重点单词 第第 1 5 页页 二 重点词组二 重点词组 第第 5 15 页页 三 高级词汇三 高级词汇 第第 15 18 页页 四 词组固定搭配四 词组固定搭配 第第 18 27 页页 五 高级句型结构五 高级句型结构 第第 27 29 页页 六 过去完成时概念六 过去完成时概念 第第 30 31 页页 七 阅读理解解题指导七 阅读理解解题指导 第第 32 页页 第 1 页 一 重点单词一 重点单词 1 able 用法 be able to do Note 反义词 unable 表 示不能 而 disabled 表示残疾的 be able to do 可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事 2 abroad 用法 表示到 在 国外 是一个副词 前 面 不加介词 Note 可以说 from abroad 表示从国外回来 3 admit 用法 表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式 Note 表示允许进入的时候与介词 to 搭配 4 advise 用法 advise sb to do advise doing Note 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 即 advise that sb should do 的形式 5 afford 用法 通常与动词不定式搭配使用 Note 前面需要有 be able to 或 can 等词 6 after 用法 表示在时间 空间之后 be after 表示追寻 Note 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点 而 in 接 一个时间段 如 after 3 o clock in 3 days 7 agree 用法 与介词 on to with 及动词不定式搭配 Note agree on 表示达成一致 agree to 表示批准 agree with 表示同意某人说的话 8 alive 用法 表语性形容词 在句中只能作表语 不 能作定语 Note 可以作状语使用 表示活活地 如 bury sb alive 9 allow 用法 allow doing allow sb to do Note 可以表示允许进入 如 Please allow me in 10 among 用法 用在三者或三者以上的群体中 Note 还可以表示其中之一 如 He is among the best 11 and 用法 用于连接两个词 短语 句子或其他相 同结构 Note 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件 如 Work hard and you ll succeed sooner or later 12 another 用法 表示又一个 泛指 相当于 one more 的含义 Note 不能直接加复数名词 需要与一 个数词搭配 如 another 2 weeks 13 answer 用法 及物动词 但在作名词时要与介词 to 搭配 Note 可以表示接电话 应门等 如 answer the phone door 14 anxious 用法 be anxious for about to do Note be anxious about 表示担心 be anxious for 表示盼望得到 15 appear 用法 不及物动词 没有宾语 没有被动 语态 Note 还可以作为系动词 与 seem 同义 表示看起来 16 arrive 用法 arrive at 表示到一个小地方 arrive in 表示到一个大地方 Note 引申含义表示得出 如 arrive at a decision conclusion 17 ask 用法 ask to do ask sb to do ask for Note 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 即 ask that sb should do 的形式 18 asleep 用法 表语性形容词 在句中只能作表语 不能作定语 Note 通常与动词 be 及 fall 搭配 sound asleep 表示熟睡 19 attend 用法 表示参加 后面经常加上 meeting lecture conference class school wedding funeral 等词 也可以表示照顾 照料 Note attend to 可以表示处理 照料等 20 attention 用法 pay attention to draw catch sb s attention Note 写通知时的常用语 May I have your attention please 21 beat 用法 表示打败某人 或连续不断地击打某物 Note heartbeat 表示心跳 22 because 用法 后面接原因状语从句 because of 后面接名词 Note because 表示直接原因 因此 第 2 页 只有用它才可以回答 why 的特殊疑问句及用在强调 句中 23 become 用法 系动词 表示变得 可以由好 变坏或由坏变好 Note become of sb 表示某人发生了什么事情 24 before 用法 before long long before the day before yesterday the week year before last 上上周 前年 Note It be 段时间 before 在该句型中 主句时态 只有将来时态和一般过去时态 25 begin 用法 begin to do begin doing Note 当 begin 本身是进行时的时候 只能用 begin to do 的形式 如 It was beginning to rain 26 believe 用法 believe sb 表示相信某人说的话 believe in sb 表示信任 6123 结构 Note 回答问句时通常用 I believe so not 的形式 27 besides 用法 表示除 之外还有 包含在一个 整体之中 Note 还可以用作副词 表示此外 要用逗号隔开 28 beyond 用法 表示越过 在另一边 如 beyond the wood bridge Note 可以用于引申含义 表示超出 如 beyond control power description 29 bit 用法 与 a little 一样可以修饰不可数名词 形容词或副词 Note 修饰名词时要用 a bit of not a bit 表示一点也不 30 blame 用法 take bear the blame blame sth on sb Note 表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态 如 He is to blame 31 blow 用法 blow down away Note 表示风刮得很大时要用 blow hard 32 boil 用法 boiling 表示沸腾的 boiled 表示煮过的 Note boiling point 可以表示沸点 33 borrow 用法 borrow 表示借入 lend 表示借出 Note 点动词 不能表示借的时间长短 34 breath 用法 hold one s breath out of breath save one s breath Note take a breath 表示深吸一口气 take breath 表示喘口气 35 burn 用法 burn down up one s hand Note burning 表示点着的 burnt 表示烧坏的 36 business 用法 on business 表示出差 in out of business 表示开 关张 Note 表示商业时不可数 表示具体的行业时可数 37 busy 用法 be busy with doing Note 不能说 My work is busy 应说 I am busy with my work 38 buy 用法 buy sth for 5 dollars buy sth for sb Note 点动词 不能表示买的时间长短 39 but 用法 not but but for next but one have no choice bu to do sth all but 几乎 差一点 Note do nothing but do sth nothing 前有 do 后面的 to 要省略 Not only but also 引导的并列句 前 倒后不倒 cannot help choose but do sth 不能不 只能 40 by 用法 by accident by air sea train by and by by far by force by mistake by chance by the way Note by way of 取道 经由 by reason of 由于 by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态 41 care 用法 take care of with care care for about Note care about 表示在乎 常用于否定句 care for 表示关心 喜爱 常用于肯定句 42 carry 用法 carry 表示搬运 carry on 表示进行 坚持下去 carry out 表示执行 Note carry 没有方向性 可以表示随身携带 43 case 用法 in case in case of in any case in this that case Note in case 后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气 即 in 第 3 页 case sb should do 的形式 44 catch 用法 catch the thief catch fire catch a cold catch up with Note be caught 表示陷入困境 如 He was caught in the rain 45 cattle 用法 集合名词 动词要用复数形式 如 Cattle are raised here Note 一头牛可以用 a head of cattle 注意 十头牛用 ten head of cattle 46 chance 用法 by chance take a chance there is a chance that Note 在 chance 后面可以用动词不定式或者 of 的 结构作定语 47 change 用法 change A for B 表示用 A 换成 B change A into B 表示把 A 变成 B Note 表示变化时是可数名词 表示零钱时不可数 48 class 用法 集合名词 谓语动词单复数由其表示 的意思决定 Note in class 表示在上课 in the class 表示在班上 49 close 用法 动词表示关闭 形容词表示亲密的 副词表示靠近 Note close 作副词时表示距离上的靠近 而另一个 副词形式 closely 表示密切地 50 clothes 用法 复数名词 谓语动词用复数 不能加不定冠词 Note 要用 few 或 many 来修饰 51 buy 用法 buy sth for 5 dollars buy sth for sb Note 点动词 不能表示买的时间长短 52 but 用法 not but but for next but one have no choice bu to do sth all but 几乎 差一点 Note do nothing but do sth nothing 前有 do 后面 的 to 要省略 Not only but also 引导的并列句 前倒后不倒 cannot help choose but do sth 不能 不 只能 53 by 用法 by accident by air sea train by and by by far by force by mistake by chance by the way Note by way of 取道 经由 by reason of 由于 by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态 54 call 用法 call for up back in call on sb to do sth pay make a call on sb give sb a call on call Note call at 后面跟地点 call on 后面跟人 55 care 用法 take care of with care care for about Note care about 表示在乎 常用于否定句 care for 表示关心 喜爱 常用于肯定句 56 carry 用法 carry 表示搬运 carry on 表示进行 坚持下去 carry out 表示执行 Note carry 没有方向性 可以表示随身携带 57 case 用法 in case in case of in any case in this that case Note in case 后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气 即 in case sb should do 的形式 58 catch 用法 catch the thief catch fire catch a cold catch up with catch sb doing sth Note be caught 表示陷入困境 如 He was caught in the rain 59 cattle 用法 集合名词 动词要用复数形式 如 Cattle are raised here Note 一头牛可以用 a head of cattle 注意十头牛 用 ten head of cattle 60 chance 用法 by chance take a chance there is a chance that Note 在 chance 后面可以用动 词不定式或者 of 的结构作定语 61 change 用法 change A for B 表示用 A 换成 B change A into B 表示把 A 变成 B Note 表示变化时是可数名词 表示零钱时不可数 62 charge 用法 charge sb with doing sth that 第 4 页 charge sb to do sth charge sb for Note in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由某人 负责 表示的是被动的 63 class 用法 集合名词 谓语动词单复数由其表示 的意思决定 Note in class 表示在上课 in the class 表示在班上 64 clear 用法 clear away clear off make clear it is clear that Note clear up 及物时表示 澄清 整 理 收拾 不及物表示 晴朗起来 开朗起来 65 close 用法 动词表示关闭 形容词表示亲密的 副词表示靠近 Note close 作副词时表示距离上的靠近 而另一个 副词形式 closely 表示密切地 66 clothes 用法 复数名词 谓语动词用复数 不能加不定冠词 Note 要用 few 或 many 来修饰 67 collect 用法 collect stamps collect one s child from school Note a collect phone 表示对方付费的电话 68 come 用法 表示到说话者所处的地方来 常见短语有 come to come about come across come out come to an end come down come up come into being exist force effect 等 Note 可用作系动词 表示变成 如 His dreams came true 69 common 用法 表示普遍性 如 Smith is a common name Note common sense 表示常识 in common 表示共同 点 70 compare 用法 compare with 表示把 与 作比较 compare to 表示把 比作 Note 用作状语时 二者都可以表示比较 如 Compared with to other women she was very lucky 71 consider 用法 consider doing sth what to do that consider sb sth 6123 结构 Note 该词直接跟宾语用动名词但可以用不定式作 宾补 considering 引导短语作状语 表示 考虑到 72 condition 用法 表示生活 工作等的条件或状况 Note on condition that 表示只要 条件状语从句 73 content 用法 be content with to do Note 表语性形容词 在句中只能作表语 不能作定 语 74 cost 用法 sth cost sb some money 只能用物作 主语 Note 修饰 cost 要用副词 high 或 low 75 cover 用法 be covered with 表示状态 be covered by 表示动作 Note 反义词 uncover 表示揭开盖子 discover 表示发现 76 cross 用法 cross off 划掉 cross one s mind cross out bear one s cross 忍受痛苦 Note 作形容词一 般用于 be cross with sb be angry with sb 77 crowd 用法 be crowded with Note 集合名词 谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定 78 cure 用法 cure sb of Note cure 强调治愈 表示结果 而 treat 知表示动 作 79 cut 用法 cut down up off Note 作名词时 a short cut 表示捷径 80 damage 用法 do damage to sb do sb harm Note 表示损害的时候不可数 复数形式可以表示 赔偿费 81 danger 用法 in danger 表示处于危险的境地 Note 表示一般概念时不可数 表示具体危险时可数 82 dare 用法 作为情态动词一般用于否定句 疑问句 或者条件状语从句 作为实意动词后跟不定式 Note I dare say that 意为 我猜测 可能 或许 第 5 页 83 dark 用法 before after dark in the dark Note 可以表示深色的 如 dark blue 84 deal 用法 a great good deal of 修饰不可数名词 Note 作动词时构成短语 deal with 常与副词 how 搭配 85 defeat 用法 及物动词 后面的宾语是国家 队 军队等名词 Note 不能用人作宾语 86 demand 用法 demand to do demand that demand of sb to do sth Note 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 即 demand that sb should do 的形式 87 depend 用法 depend on sb sth one s doing sth to do sth Note depend 不及物动词 常和 on 连用 意为 依靠 信赖 88 desert 用法 名词表示沙漠 动词表示抛弃 Note 可以用过去分词作表语或定语 表示废弃的 如 a deserted house 89 determine 用法 determine to do determine sb to do Note 过去分词表示有决心的 可以说 be determined to do sth 决心做 表示状态 90 devote 用法 devote oneself to be devoted to Note 与 devote 搭配的 to 是介词 后面接名词或动 名词 如 His whole life was devoted to teaching 91 die 用法 die of from for out away Note 点动词 不与 for 引起的时间状语连用 92 difficulty 用法 have difficulty with have difficulties with sth have difficulty in doing sth Note 表示一般概念时不可数 表示具体困难时可数 93 disagree 用法 disagree with sb Note disagree 虽然在形式上有否定前缀 但并不是 个否定词 注意它的反义问句形式 He disagreed with you didn t he 94 distance 用法 in the distance at a distance Note 可用于引申含义 表示时间上或情感上的距离 95 divide 用法 divide into 表示把 分成几份 强调分成等份 Note 可以表示除法 如 Nine divided by three is three 96 do 用法 do away with do sb a faour do up do with do wonders do sb wrong do wrong to sb Note 主要用作及物动词 不及物时表示 行 If you have no pen pencil will do 97 doubt 用法 doubt sb sth beyond doubt in doubt no doubt without a doubt Note 主句是否定句时宾语用 that 引导 主句是肯 定句时宾语用 whether if 引导 98 downtown 用法 副词 前面不加介词 如 go downtown Note 可用作定语 如 a downtown street 99 draw 用法 draw a picture the curtain Note 引申含义表示得出 如 draw a conclusion lesson 100 dream 用法 dream of about that 二 重点词组二 重点词组 1 be able to do 能够做 After paying great efforts he is able to speak English fluently 2 be about to do 正要做 As I was about to say you interrupted me 3 add to 把 加 If you add 5 to 5 you get ten If the tea is too strong add some hot water This adds to our difficulties 4 be afraid of 害怕 I was afraid of hurting her feelings 5 go against 反对 We don t agree with the proposal because it goes 第 6 页 against the law 6 agree on 达成一致 We agreed on an early start making a early start We all agree on the terms 7 agree to do 同意做 My father has agreed to buy me a new computer 8 agree with 同意某人 或其想法 观点 认识等 与 相符 I don t agree with you on this point Your story agrees with what I had already heard The climate doesn t agree with me The mussels I had for lunch haven t agreed with me The verb agrees its subject in number and person 9 be angry with 对 生气 He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake He was angry at being kept waiting 10 be anxious about 对 担心 I was anxious about my son s health 11 apply for 申请 I have applied to the Consul for the visa 12 take sth in one s arms 把 抱在怀里 She took a bunch of roses in her arms 13 take up arms 拿起武器 We should take up our arms to defend our motherland 14 arrive in at a place 达到某地 My brother will arrive in Beijing next Monday I arrive at the school every morning at a regular time 15 ask sb for sth 向 某人 要某物 You shouldn t ask your parents for money any more 16 pay attention to 对 注意 When you write an essay you have several things to pay attention to 17 be away from 远离 When you friend is in trouble don t be away from him her instead you should try your best to help 18 go run away 逃跑 It s dangerous Go run away immediately 19 beat to death 将 打死 He was nearly beat to death once after he was caught stealing 20 go to bed 上床休息 I was so tired that I went to bed earlier than before 21 make the bed 铺床 You are old enough to make the beds by yourself 22 beg one s pardon 请某人再说一遍 Sorry I didn t catch it I beg your pardon 23 begin with 以 开始 The party began with a cheerful song 24 believe in 信仰 In western countries many people believe in God 25 belong to 属于 That Taiwan belongs to China should be unquestionable 26 do one s best 尽最大的努力 If you have done your best then there s nothing to regret 27 had better 最好 You had better stop smoking 28 blow away 吹走 The wind blew the heat away 29 take a boat 乘船 I took a boat to go to the island in the center of the lake 30 be born 出生 He was born in a wealthy family 31 break away from 从 脱离 断绝关系 We won t say Yes to anyone s breaking away from our country Can t you break away from old habits 32 break down 指计划 打算 破灭 机器 坏了 身体状况 变差 Our plans have broken down Negotiations between the two countries have broken down The engine broke down 第 7 页 His health broke down after the death of his wife Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach 33 break into 破门而入 His house was broken into last week 34 break off 从中间打断 He broke off in the middle of a sentence Let s break off for an hour and have some tea The mast broke off 35 break out 指战争 灾难 争吵等 突然爆发 A fire broke out during the night The quarrel broke out afresh 36 break the rules 违反规则 Everyone in the group mustn t break the rules 37 break up 击碎 驱散 终止 结束 分裂 分开 分手放学 The ship was breaking up on the rocks The gathering broke up in disorder The police broke up the crowd 38 hold one s breath 屏住呼吸 He held his breath and sneaked into his room 39 bring down 击落 打倒 A moment ago we brought down a hostile aircraft We should bring down the tyrant 40 bring in 赚得 赢得 利润 His farms bring him in 20000 a year The program brings in a new fashion 41 bring on 导致 结果 He was out all day in the rain and this brought on a bad cold The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely The coach is bringing on some youngsters in the reserve team 42 bring up 抚养 She has brought up five children If children are badly brought up they behave badly 43 build up 建立 恢复 身体状况等 He has built up a good business He went on holiday and soon built up his health 44 burn to the ground 把 夷为平地 The Japanese invaders burnt the houses to the ground 45 burn down 烧光 The house was burnt down 46 burst into laughter 突然爆发大笑 On seeing the amusing scene she burst into laughter 47 burst into tears 突然大哭 She suddenly burst into tears 48 be busy doing with sth 忙于做某事 We are busy preparing for with the exam 49 call at a place 拜访某地 I called at the tailor s a couple of days ago 50 call back 回电话 I will call back later 51 call for 到某地取东西 接人 要求 呼吁 A man calls every Monday for old newspapers I ll call for you at 6 o clock The occasion calls for prompt action People all over the world call for peace 52 call in 请 医生 Please call in a doctor at once 53 call on 拜访某人 My uncle called on me yesterday on his way home 54 take care of 照顾 负责 The nurse took good care of the patients Here let me take care of the cleaning These are the devices that take care of the waste from the factory 55 care for 担心 关心 想 My parents care for my safety when I travel by myself The elders should care for the younger generation Would you care for a game of table tennis 56 carry off 夺走 生命 取得 奖励等 The terrible war carried off her father s life Tom carried off all the school prizes 第 8 页 57 carry on 进行 The discussion carried on after a short break 58 carry out 实施 The plan has to be carried out as soon as possible 59 catch fire 起火 This material is easy to catch fire Be careful 60 catch up with 赶上 I have to study even harder than before in order to catch up with my peers 61 change for 把 换成 The shirt is too big Can I change for another one 62 change into 把 变成 He changed into his working clothes when he began to work 63 change one s mind 改变主意 I persuaded him to change his mind 64 check out 核对 检查 Would you help me to check out the names and numbers He checked out and left the hotel 65 clear away 收拾 整理 Please help me to clear away the tea things 66 clear up 指天 晴朗 清理 The weather sky is clearing up Clear up the desk before you leave the office 67 catch take cold have a cold 感冒 He was absent because he caught cold last night 68 come about 产生 结果 How does it come about half of the class are absent 69 come across 碰巧遇到 突然想起 I came across this old brooch in a curio shop The thought came across my mind that we 70 come back 回想起来 Their names are all coming back to me now 71 come down 指雨 下得很大 指气温 下降 The rain came down in bucketfuls The temperature came down suddenly 72 come from 来自 Much of the butter in England comes from New Zealand 73 come off 脱落 The button has come off my coat 74 come on 加油 Come on Let s race to the bottom of the hill 75 come out 出现 指花 开放 The stars come out The flowers are coming out When will his new book come out 76 come to 指数字 达到 The total number of people who attended the conference came to 1000 77 come true 指梦想 实现 I hope that my dream will come true one day in the future 78 come up He came up the hard way The question hasn t come up yet 79 compare with 与 比较 Compared with education in western countries China has her own special features 80 compare to 把 比作 Teachers are sometimes compared to candles 81 connect to 与 联系 It s a railway that connects Beijing to Shenzhen 82 connect with 与 联接 Where does cooker connect with the gas pipe 83 be considered as 被认为是 She is considered as the best teacher in our school 84 consider doing sth 考虑做 I m considering moving abroad 85 be covered with 被 覆盖 The ground was covered with heavy snow 86 cut down 砍倒 Don t cut down the young trees 87 cut off 砍掉 截断 Don t cut your fingers off 第 9 页 The enemy had cut off our food supply 89 cut up 切碎 I ll cut up the meat 90 date from 起始于 The temple dates from over a thousand years ago 91 deal with 处理 对付 相处 涉及 How do you deal with the difficulties The man is hard to deal with The book deals with health problems 92 do a good deed 做好事 During his lifetime Lei Feng had done many good deeds 93 depend on 取决于 信任 Whether we go to park this weekend depends on the weather You can always depend on Jim for he is an honest man It depends on you Any time is all right for me 94 devote to 把 时间 精力等 专注于 Mary Curio devoted all her life to the research of radiation matters 95 die of 死于 He dies of a disease 96 die out 绝种 Many old customs are gradually dying out 97 be different from 与 不同 The picture on the right is different from the one on the left 98 divide up 把 分开 We divided the money up equally How shall we divide the work up 99 divide into 把 分成 几部分 The house was divided into two parts 100 do sb a favor 给某人帮忙 Would you do me a favor 101 do well in 在 方面表现好 He did well in maths when he was in high school 102 do wrong 犯错误 犯罪 He was sentenced three years for his doing wrong 103 dream of 梦想 I am always dreaming o