初三英语定语从句用法详解及练习

任务任务 I 完成定语从句 指出关系词在句子中完成定语从句 指出关系词在句子中 的成分的成分 1 I have a brother likes soccer 2 Tom doesn t like movies are too long and too scary 3 We prefer groups play loud and energetic songs 4 He likes friends often help each other 任务任务 2 将下列句子连成定语从句将下列句子连成定语从句 1 I m reading a book The book is about Bill Gates 2 He is a teacher The teacher teaches us Chinese 3 I don t like the man He is smoking 4 Where is the picture You bought it last week 任务三任务三 写出定语从句的动词写出定语从句的动词 1 Lin Hui likes books that short 2 I have a friend that the piano well 3 I like people who interesting 4 My parents prefer music that quiet 5 Rose loves foods that unusual 6 We like musicians who loud music 定语从句的用法和精练定语从句的用法和精练 一 定语从句的概念一 定语从句的概念 在复合句中 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 二 定语从句的分类二 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词 主句与从句不用逗号分开 从句不可省去 非限制性定语从句 主句与从句之间有逗号分开 起补充说明作用 如省去 意思仍完整 三 定语从句的关系词三 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词 常见的关系代词包括 that which who 宾格 whom 所有格 whose 等 关系副词包 where when why 等 关系代词和关系副 词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用 同时又作定语从句的重要成分 引导定语从句的关系代词有 指人 who whom whose that 指物 which that 引导定语从句的关系副词有 where when why 四 关系代词的用法四 关系代词的用法 一 who whom whose 引导的定语从句 这三个代词指人 它们引导的定语从 句所修饰的先行词必须是人 1 who 在从句中作主语 如 This is the doctor who came here yesterday 这就是昨天来的医生 2 whom 在从句中作宾语 可以省略 如 The man whom you saw last week has left the town 上周你看见的那个人已 离开城镇了 注意 在从句中作介词宾语时 介词一般可放在 whom 之前 也可放在原来的位 置上 在含有介词的固定动词词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上 如 a The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei The man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei 我借书的那个男人是李雷 前句 whom 不可省 后句中 whom 可省 b The girl whom he is taking care of is ill take care of 是固定词组 他正在 照看的女孩病了 3 whose 在从句中作定语 如 I know the woman whose husband is a doctor 我认识的那个妇女 她的丈夫是 个医生 二 that which 引导的定语从句 这两个代词指物 它们引导的定语从句所修饰 的先行词是物 注 that 也可指人 1 that 在从句中可作主语 宾语 如 The man that who is standing by the door is her brother 正站在门旁的那个 男人是她的哥哥 但作介词宾语时 介词不能放在 that 前面 如 Is this the film that you talked about last week about 不能放在 that 之前 这 就是你们上周谈论的电影吗 2 which 在从句中作主语 宾语 如 a The room which you can see by the river is a reading room 我们在河边看到的房间是阅览室 b The house which he once lived in is a meeting room The house in which he once lived is a meeting room 他曾经住过的房子是会议室 3 关系词只能用关系词只能用 that 的情况的情况 a 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰 或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词最高级或本身是序数词 基数词 形容词最高级 时时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 He was the first person that passed the exam 他是第一个通过考试的人 b 被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为 all any much many everything anything none the one 等不定等不定 代词时代词时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 c 先行词被先行词被 the only the very the same the last little few 等词修饰时等词修饰时 只能用只能用 that 而而 不用不用 which 例如例如 This is the same bike that I lost 这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d 先行词里同时含有人或物时先行词里同时含有人或物时 只能用只能用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room 我能清楚记得我 在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片 e 以以 who 或或 which 引导的特殊疑问句引导的特殊疑问句 为避免重复为避免重复 只能用只能用 that 例如例如 Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 f 主句是主句是 there be 结构结构 修饰主语的定语从句用修饰主语的定语从句用 that 而不用而不用 which 例如例如 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom 桌子上那本书是汤姆的 5 关系词只能用关系词只能用 which 而不用而不用 that 的情况的情况 a 先行词为先行词为 that those 时时 用用 which 而不用而不用 that 例如例如 What s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么 b 关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时 一般用一般用 which 而不用而不用 that 例如例如 This is the room in which he lives 这是他居住的房间 c 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句 用用 which 而不用而不用 that 例如例如 Tom came back which made us happy 汤姆回来了 这使我们很高兴 用 who whom that which 填空 1 Those are the things I lost in the street yesterday 2 He is the person we often talk about 3 They talked of things and persons they remembered 4 They call it Christmas comes from the name Christ 5 They may go to their own library to look up any information they need 单项选择 6 People study earthquakes think that there will be no big earthquake here a who b which c whom d 7 The pancake my aunt cooks is delicious a that b which c d a b or c 8 The young man I had a talk with is a friend of mine a and b and who c that d which 注意注意 1 当定语从句中含有介词当定语从句中含有介词 介词放在句末时介词放在句末时 who that which 可省略可省略 但介词在但介词在 关系代词前时关系代词前时 只能用只能用 介词介词 which whom 结构 例如结构 例如 This is the house in which we lived last year 这是我们去年居住的房子 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本 英文小说 2 含有介词的固定动词词组中含有介词的固定动词词组中 介词不可前置介词不可前置 只能放在原来的位置上 例如只能放在原来的位置上 例如 This is the person whom you are looking for 这就是你要找的那个人 3 that 作介词的宾语时作介词的宾语时 介词不能放它的前面介词不能放它的前面 只能放在从句中动词的后面 例如只能放在从句中动词的后面 例如 The city that she lives in is very far away 她居住的城市非常远 五 关系副词的用法五 关系副词的用法 1 when 指时间指时间 其先行词表示时间其先行词表示时间 在句中作时间状语 例如在句中作时间状语 例如 This was the time when he arrived 这是他到达的时间 2 where 指地点指地点 其先行词表示地点其先行词表示地点 在句中作地点状语 例如在句中作地点状语 例如 This is place where he works 这是他工作的地点 3 why 指原因指原因 其先行词是原因其先行词是原因 起原因状语作用 例如起原因状语作用 例如 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到 I 单项填空 单项填空 1 Do you know the man is talking with your father Yes he s our headmaster A he B who C which D whom 2 Is this the river I can swim A which B in which C that D the one 3 This is the best hotel in the city I know A where B which C that D it 4 Can you lend me the dictionary the other day A that you bought B you bought it C that you bought it D which you bought it 5 Anyone with what I said may put up you hands A which agrees B who agree C who agrees D which agree 6 My watch is not the only thing is missing A that B it C which who 7 The man coat is black is waiting at the gate A who s B whose C that of which 8 The girl is reading un