2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习 阅读理解精选（二）

用心 爱心 专心 1 20122012 届高考英语二轮专题总复习阅读理解精选 二 届高考英语二轮专题总复习阅读理解精选 二 A SALT LAKE CITY March 1 2010 Like silkworm moths 吞蛾 butterflies and spiders caddisfly larvae 虫蛾幼虫 spin silk but they do so underwater instead of on dry land Now University of Utah researchers have discovered why the fly s silk is sticky 黏性的 when wet and how that may make it valuable as an adhesive tape 黏胶带 during an operation Silk from caddisfly larvae may be useful some day as a medical adhesive for sticking wet tissues says Russell Stewart an associate professor of bioengineering and principal author of a new study of the fly silk s chemical and structural properties I picture it as sort of a wet Band Aid maybe used inside in operations like using a piece of tape to close a cut he adds Gluing things together underwater is not easy Have you ever tried to put a Band Aid on in the shower This insect has been doing this for 150 million to 200 million years There are thousands of caddisfly species worldwide Some species spend their larval stages developing underwater and build an inch long tube shaped case or shelter around themselves using sticky silk and grains of rock or sand Other species use silk small sticks and pieces of leaves Each larva has a head and four legs that stick out from the tube The larval case gets wider as the larva grows A caddisfly larva eventually pupates 化蛹 as it develops into an adult fly and then hatches Caddisflies now live around the world in waters ranging from fast streams to quiet low lying wet land The caddisflies adaptation to diverse habitats is largely due to the inventive use by their larva of underwater silk to build complex structures for protection and food gathering Caddisflies fall into two groups Some build their case and then drag it along with them underwater as they search for food Some build a shelter glued to a rock with a silk net to catch passing food 本文是一篇新闻报道 石蛾的幼虫能够吐丝 这种丝的特别之处在于它能够在水下照样具有 黏性 如果进行具体的研究 它们将被用于医疗方面 1 According to Russell Stewart caddisfly larvae A can spin silk underwater or on dry land B are worth researching C are quite different from butterflies and spiders D have been widely used in the medical field 解析 推理判断题 根据第二段中的 Silk from caddisfly larvae may be useful some day as a medical adhesive for sticking wet tissues 可以推断 石蛾的幼虫值得研究 答案 B 2 The author mentions Band Aid in the passage to show A Band Aids are very useful B Band Aids can t be used in operations C it s not easy for caddisfly larvae to live underwater 用心 爱心 专心 2 D silk from caddisfly larvae has an advantage over Band Aids 解析 细节理解题 文章第三段说到 Band Aid 在水中就失去作用 不能黏贴到身体上 然 后由 Band Aid 引入石蛾吐的丝的特别之处 在水下仍然具有黏性 答案 D 3 The underlined word it in the last paragraph probably refers to A the silk B the shelter C the food D the rock 解析 代词指代题 it 在这里指的是 case 再由第四段中的 build an inch long tube shaped case or shelter around themselves 可知 case 和 shelter 指 的是同一物 答案 B 4 The passage is most probably a A science fiction novel B science news report C biography of researchers D social affairs report 解析 文章体裁题 由第一段 SALTLAKE CITY March 1 2010 可推断本文是一篇新闻体裁的 文章 故答案为 B 答案 B B It spins It grows It s a huge floating garbage patch sometimes referred to as the eighth continent Located in the Pacific Ocean between California and Hawaii and measuring roughly twice the size of Texas this strange mass is home to hundreds of species of sea life and is constantly expanding Without an official title it is known as The Great Pacific Garbage Patch The island consists almost entirely of man made trash It currently weighs approximately 3 5 million tons 80 per cent of which is plastic The air movement is further trapping the garbage With the winds blowing in it s the perfect environment for trapping according to an article in the San Francisco Chronicle The garbage is doing what could be irreparable 不可弥补的 harm to sea life the water it s in and eventually humans Though plastic can break down into smaller and smaller pieces over time its original molecular composition 分子成分 won t change The result is a great amount of fine plastic sand that looks like food Unfortunately that cannot be digested so sea birds or fish can eventually starve to death with a stomach full of plastic for the plastic sand in a creature s body contains poisonous chemicals According to Chris Parry of the California Coastal Commission regrettably little can be done about the patch Cleaning it up isn t an option it s just going to get bigger as our reliance 依赖 on plastics continues said Parry The long term solution is to decrease plastic production at home and change our consumption habits 用心 爱心 专心 3 Cleaning up the patch will likely cost billions of dollars and as a matter of fact be more difficult than vacuuming 用真空吸尘器清扫 every inch of the United States So far no country has come up with a solution possibly because no nation wishes to claim responsibility 两个德克萨斯州那么大的一堆垃圾在太平洋上漂 会是怎样的景象呢 5 According to Para 5 sea birds on the garbage patch may die because A the plastic in their body is poisonous B they are hunted by humans C they drink water polluted by plastic D they can t find food 解析 推理判断题 由塑料垃圾分解而成的小颗粒与沙子混在一起 有时候小鸟会误把其当 作食物吃了 这些塑料里面含有至死的毒性化学物 答案 A 6 To solve the problem Chris Parry suggests that we A break down plastic B use something else in place of plastic C clean up the patch D call for all the nations to claim responsibility 解析 细节理解题 由倒数第二段最后一句 The long term solution is to decrease plastic production at home and change our consumption habits 可知 B 项正确 答案 B 7 We can learn from the passage that A the garbage patch causes no harm to humans currently B no effective measures have been taken to get rid of the garbage patch C the garbage patch stays the same size in the past several years D dealing with the garbage patch is virtually easy 解析 推理判断题 由文章最后一句 So far no country has come up with a solution possibly because no nation wishes to claim responsibility 可知答案 答案 B 8 What s the author s tone in writing this passage A Humorous B Irritated C Doubtful D Concerned 解析 观点态度题 从文章第四 五段作者描述这些垃圾带来的危害 以及第六 七段作者 描述这些垃圾不易被处理可知作者写本文的语气是担忧的 故答案为 D 答案 D C For decades people have been telling each other You are what you eat However it doesn t mean for example that if you eat a plant you become a plant At least not for people For a certain kind of sea slug 海蛞蝓 however those words are more than just a reminder to eat well The Elysia chlorotica is a sea slug that looks like a leaf and eats by sucking the insides out of algae 海藻 These algae like plants get their food by using sunlight to help make sugar 用心 爱心 专心 4 At a recent meeting of scientists a biologist named Sidney K Pierce reported a surprising observation in these algae eating sea slugs Pierce does his research at the University of South Florida in Tampa Pierce already knew that these sea animals just like plants have the right chemical tools to turn sunlight into food Surprisingly now he s learned that sea slugs aren t simply stealing what they need to do this from algae They ve also stolen the recipe for how to make chlorophyll 叶绿素 a chemical that is vital to the process and can make chlorophyll themselves In other words they have started to behave like their food This could be a fusion 融合 of a plant and an animal that s just cool John Zardus told Science News Zardus is an invertebrate zoologist at The Citadel in Charleston S C Invertebrates are animals that don t have backbones like slugs and zoology is the study of animals Inside their cells plants have tiny structures called chloroplasts 叶绿体 These chloroplasts turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar using sunlight and a chemical called chlorophyll which is known as photosynthesis 光合作用 Like plants algae that get eaten by sea slugs also use photosynthesis When Pierce s slug eats algae it separates out chloroplasts Instead of digesting and excreting 排泄 chloroplasts the sea slug absorbs them inside its own cells Pierce and his colleagues already knew that once a sea slug has chloroplasts inside its cells it can use photosynthesis to make food which means it may not even have to eat for the rest of its life about a year But the chloroplasts use up the chlorophyll during photosynthesis and a fresh supply is needed Where does it come from One idea was that when an animal absorbed chloroplasts they came with a lifetime supply of chlorophyll But as it turns out that s not the case with these sea slugs They have stolen more than just chloroplasts 这是一篇科普文 美国科学家最近发现了软体动物海蛞蝓的一种奇怪的生活习性 它能吸收 植物的叶绿体 存入体内 自己进行光合作用 从而获取食物 1 When people say You are what you eat it generally means that A the nutrition in a person s diet affects his or her health B you ll finally become something if you eat something C all people must be responsible for their actions D the diet cures more than the doctor 解析 句意理解题 根据下文所举实例可知 此句的意义不是你吃了什么就会变成什么 采 用反证法可推知 此句的意义是 人如其食 即饮食决定健康 答案 A 2 We can infer from the text that John Zardus is a scientist who A gives suggestions on the recipe B observes the evolution of the plant and animal life C studies animals without backbones D does research on the bones of animals 解析 推断题 根据短文中的 Invertebrates are animals