商务英语名词解释.doc

1.Budget预算an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu. a year used as a guide in making financial arrangements.2.Return回报the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the investment.3.Portfolio证券投资组合the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling4.Royalty专利税money paid to the owner of a copyright for permission to publish copyright material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu. at a greed percentage of the selling price of the product.5.Patent专利权a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.6.Non-tariff barrier非贸易壁垒all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade other than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.7.Franchise经销权an arrangement by which a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.8.Purchasing power购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.9.PPP购买力平价purchasing power parity10.tariff关税tax levied by the customs11.barriers to trade贸易壁垒any action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its country.12.primary commodities初级产品those commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materials13.drawback退税duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported14.specific duties从量税duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods15.ad valorem duties从价税duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods16.carriage运费the price or cost of transportation17.voluntary offer主动发盘an offer made on the initiative of the offerer18.contracting parties缔约方signatories of an agreement19.force majeure不可抗力 social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting party20.firm offer持盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offer21.offeree受要约人the party to whom an offer is made22.hyperinflation极度通货膨胀soaring of prices beyond control23.inflation通货膨胀rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit tectionism贸易保护主义the theory of the system of developing home countries through duties and other means imposed on competitive imports25.bilateral双边的of two sides26.bundling捆绑式销售the exchange of goods or services are tied together27.creditors债权人a person to whom one owns money28.debtor债务人a person who owes money29.default违约fail to carry out an obligation30.draft汇票an unconditional order to someone to pay a sum of money31.remittance汇款the sending of money or the money sent32.drawer出票人the person who issues a draft, usually the exporter33.drawee受票人the person to whom a draft is drawn34.credit-worthiness资信being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment35.applicant of an L/C出口信用证the importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C36.beneficiary受益人the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export37.confirming bank保兑行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C38.reimburse退款pay back to somebody for the expenses he has spent39.clean credit光票信用证a credit that does not require shipping documents for payment40.sight credit即期信用证a credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft41.middleman中间商trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer42.consignee收货人the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped43.shipping marks唛头what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation44.insurance policy保险单a document used for covering possible risks45.title抬头right to the possession of a position or property46.insured被保险人a person covered by an insurance policy47.premium保险费the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contract48.potential loss潜在损失loss which is possible to incur49.claim索赔a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policy50.margin利润amount above what is estimated as necessary51.underwriter保险公司a person who carries on insurance as a business52.invoice发票a document for the general description of the goods and the pensation赔偿金something given or received as an equivalent for loss54.pooling联营a combination of funds formed for common advantage55.multi-modal transportation多式联运transport that combines road, rail, sea and air56.redeem兑换to repay or pay off, esp. loan stock, debentures and preference shares or stock57.settlement结算the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc58.exchange rate汇率the price at which one currency can be exchanged for another currency59.money circulation货币流通money in the hands of the public and being used to pay for goods and services60.devaluation货币贬值the act of a government in reducing by law the exchange value of its currency in units of gold or as compared with other currencies61.reserve储备金money held aside to meet future demand62.investment投资the act of putting money to use in something offering profitable returns63.quota配额a limit placed by a government on the amount of imports or commodity64.VER自动出口限制an agreement by a countrys exporters or government to limit their exports or government to limit their exports to another ellectual property知识产权certain non-tangible assets held, principally covering the areas of patent protection, registered trade marks and designs, and copy-right66.tax holiday免税期a period of time during which tax is not levied67.joint venture合资企业a business where the provision of risk capital is shared between two or more firms68.gilts金边债券stocks issued by government69.cost-effective成本效益好producing optimum results for the expenditure70.anti-dumping反倾销one form of action which may be taken by a government to protect industries from unfair competition by which goods are sold at a price lower than in the country where they are manufactured71.mandate授权authority given to perform a duty72.contracting party缔约国a country or firm that signs a legal agreement73.Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)74.Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.75.FDI( foreign direct investments)is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.76.Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.77.Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.78.Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.79.Franchising特许经营: a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.80.Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.81.Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.82.GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.83.GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.84.Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.85.Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.86.Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy87.Customs union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy88.Common market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.89.Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.90.Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司，总部is the original investing multinational corporation . It is also the international headquarters of the MNE .91.Home county母国: The country where the headquarter of the investor is located.92.Host country东道国: The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates.93.Absolute advantage绝对利益: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)100.Comparative advantage比较利益: Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.1.International trade国际贸易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.2.Import duties进口关税: Tariffs levied on goods entering an area3.Export duties出口关税: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area4.Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠国待遇: A tariff treatment under which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country5.Inquiry / enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.6.Quotation报盘: Estimate of how much something will cost7.Counter offer还盘:New offer made by the original offeree to the original offerer8.inflation :Rise in prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc9.Barter易货贸易:The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.10.Counter purchase反向购买、互购贸易:The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.11.Buyback回购贸易:An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.12.Remittance 汇付:This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each other13.Documentary draft跟单汇票:The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.14.Documentary collection跟单托收:It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.15.Sight draft即期汇票:The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.16.Usance draft远期汇票Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.17.Draft汇票:= Bill of exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.18.bill of exchange汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment19.Applicant(Opener or Principal)申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)20.applicant of an L/C:The importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/C21.Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)开证行:The bank that issues the credit.22.Opening bank:the bank that issues the letter of credit is called the opening bank .23.Beneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is opened24.Correspondent band往来行、关系行:The bank in the exporters country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it25.Advising bank通知行:The bank in the exporters country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received.26.Confirming bank保兑行:The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.27.Paying bank付款行:The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.28.Negotiating bank议付行:The bank buys the exporters draft submitted to it under a credit.29.The documentary credit跟单信用证:The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.30.Revocable credit可撤消信用证:The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.31.Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证: The credit that can not be amended or revoked without the consent of al the parties concerned.32.Confirmed credit保兑信用证:The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank33.Unconfirmed credit不保兑信用：The credit isnt confirmed by another bank34.Sight credit即期信用证:The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft35.usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用证:The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.36.Transferable credit可转让信用证:The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.37.Non-transferable credit不可转让信用证:The credit can not be transferred.38.Non-draft credit无汇票信用证:The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.39.Revolving credit循环信用证:The credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.40.Commercial invoice商业发票:The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. 41.Legal holder合法持有人is an owner of a property who is entitled to it by law42.Packing list装箱单:The documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.43.Straight bill of lading记名提单:It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.44.Common carrier公共承运人:It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.45.Contract carrier契约承运人:Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).46.Insured被保险人，保户:The person who transfer risk.47.Insurer承保人:The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).48.Cargo insurance货物保险:It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.49.Marine insurance海上保险:The insurance of ships and their cargoes.50.Insurance保险:It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.51.Direct quote / quotation（汇率）直接标价:A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency. 1美元=6.8元 外币为基准52.Indirect quote / quotation（汇率）间接标价:An indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency.53.Buying rate买入价:It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency.54.Selling rate卖出价:It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency.55.Medial rate中间价It is the average of the buying rate and the selling rate.56.SDR特别提款权:Special Drawing Right. It is sometimes called paper gold and used to settle official transaction at the IMF.57.Anti-dumping反倾销:to restrict the export expansion of other plan : 商业计划 future actions to be taken by a company, concerning products, production, market, investment, etc.59.collateral : property or an item of value acceptable as security for a loan or other obligation.担保物：被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产60.stock exchange:证券交易市场 a market where stocks and shares are bought and sold under fixed rules, but at prices determined by supply & demand.61.retail :零售the sale of goods or commodities in small quantities directly to consumers.62.tax deduction : an expense费用that a taxpayer is allowed to deduct from taxable income.63.policy :保单 the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to the policyholder投保人 by company.64.public relations :公关 PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it.65.depression : a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment. 萧条，不景气：国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业66.Trade deficit :贸易逆差 imports minus exports of goods and services.67.trade surplus:贸易顺差exports minus imports of goods and services.68.Balance of trade 贸易支付差额 the value of countrys exports minus the value of its imports.69.trade sanction : use of a trade policy as a sanction, most commonly an embargo禁运 imposed against a country for violating human rights.70.trade reciprocity贸易互惠 : the practice by which governments extend similar concessions 让步 to each other, as when one govt lowers its tariffs or other barriers impeding its imports in exchange for equivalent concession from a trading partner on barriers affecting its exports.71.venture capital : Money made available for investm