英语十六种时态详细总结

1 英语时态表英语时态表 一般现在时 一般过去时一般现在时 一般过去时 时态 名称 结构常连用的词主要用法例句 1 be 动词用 am is are 表 示 之后接 名词 形容 词或介词 陈述句 I am an office worker He is so lazy They are at home now 否定句 I am not Tim She is not very beautiful They are not in the office 一般疑问句 Are you an officeassistant Is she beautiful 一般 现在 时 2 行为动词用 V 原形或 V s es 引导疑 问句和否定 句 用 do 或 don t 第三 人称时用 does 或 doesn t 有 does 出现动 词用原形 第三人称陈 述句 V 后加 s 或 es often usually every sometimes always never once twice a week month year on Sundays Mondays 一般现在时 表示没有时 限的持久存 在的习惯性 的动作或状 态 或现阶 段反复发生 的动作或状 态 陈述句 I work in Shanghai He works at home Davy never watches TV at home 否定句 I don t like the food in KFC Davy doesn t like the food in KFC either 一般疑问句 Do you want a cup of coffee Does she live near thesubway station 1 be 动词用 过去式 was 或 were 表示 陈述句 I was a big boss He was beautiful We were in Beijing last year 否定句 I was not at home at that moment We were not at work yesterday 一般疑问句 Were you a teacher Was she in the office last week 一般 过去 时 2 行为动词用 V ed 陈述 句 疑问句 和否定句借 助于 did 有 did 出现动词 用原形 yesterday the day before yesterday last week month year ago a moment ago just now on in 过去的时间过去的时间 在过去时间 里所发生的 动作或存在 的状态 陈述句 I worked in Sunmoon We studied English there He lived inHongKong 否定句 I didn t work here They didn t see me She liked English a lot 一般疑问句 Did you go to America Did he work in Sunmoon 2 英语时态表英语时态表 一般将来时 过去将来时一般将来时 过去将来时 时态 名称 结构常连用的词主要用法例句 1 任何人称 will V 原形 陈述句 I will fly to KongKong tomorrow He will go with us We will arrive in Shanghai next week 否定句 I will never believe you again He will not come tonight We will not buy a car next year 一般疑问句 Will you go there by train Will he come tomorrow Will they live a five star hotel 一般 将来 时 2 is am are going to V 原形 表示计 划打算做什么事情 tomorrow the day after tomorrow soon next week month year the week month year after next on in 将来的时间 将来的时间 in 一段时间 一段时间 即将发生 动作或状 态 陈述句 I m going to go to Kongkong by air 否定句 We are not going to buy a house here 一般疑问句 Are they going to change their jobs 特殊疑问句 How are you going to tell him was were going to V 原形 陈述句 I was going to buy a computer They told me that they were not going to goabroad 否定句 I was not going to buy a computer 过去 将来 时 任何人称 would V 原形 多用在宾语从句中 在过去将 会发生的 动作 He said he would come in in Shanghai I said I would buy you a car one day 3 英语时态表英语时态表 现在进行时 过去进行时现在进行时 过去进行时 时态 名称 结构常连用的词主要用法例句 现在 进行 时 is am are V ing now at present at the moment Look 放在句首放在句首 Listen 放在句首放在句首 表示现在 指说话人 说话时 正在发生 的事情 陈述句 I m waiting for my boy friend He is doing the housework at home now We are enjoying ourselves 否定句 He is not playing toys 一般疑问句 Are you having dinner at home Is Tim cooking in the kitchen 特殊疑问句 What are you doing now Where are they having a meal 过去 进行 时 was were V ing at that time at this time yesterday at 时间点时间点 yesterday lastnight at that moment 过去一段 时间正在 发生的动 作 陈述句 I was doing my homework at that time We were having a party while he was sleeping 否定句 He was not sleeping at 11 o clock lastnight 一般疑问句 Were you watching TV at that time 特殊疑问句 What were you doing at that moment 4 英语时态表英语时态表 现在完成时 过去完成时现在完成时 过去完成时 时态 名称 结构常连用的词主要用法例句 have has p p 过去分 词 already just befor e yet 否定句中否定句中 ever never once t wice for 一段时间 一段时间 since 时间点 时间点 since 一段时间一段时间 ago by 现在时间 现在时间 so far up to now till now until now recently lately during over in thepast last 用来表示之 前已发生或 完成的动作 或状态 其 结果的确和 现在有联系 动作或状态 发生在过去 但它的影响 现在还存在 也可表示持 续到现在的 动作或状态 简单的说 就是动作已 经发生对现 在造成明显 的影响 陈述句 I have already told Davy Davy has known thismatter He has lived here for nearly 10 years 否定句 I haven t finished my homework Tim hasn t come yet We haven t heard any news about him 一般疑问句 Has he worked here since he came here 特殊疑问句 How long have you worked in thiscompany 1 have has always been 名词 形容词 介词 总是或一直是什么样子 He has always been a good father I have always been busy They have always been in America 现在 完成 时 特别注意 特别注意 2 have has gone to 去了 He has gone to Beijing They have gone to the cinema 3 have has been to 表示去过或到过 I have been to Canada Have you been to Hongkong Where have you been I have never been here 过去 完成 时 had p p 过去分 词 过去的过去 过去的过去 by 过去的时间 过去的时间 表表 过去某动作或时间以过去某动作或时间以 前前 的时间状语 的时间状语 动作发生在 过去的过去 陈述句 He said he had told Davy They told us they had finished the work He left the office after he had called Davy 否定句 She hadn t had dinner before she went 5 out 一般疑问句 Had she learnt English before she movedhere 特殊疑问句 how many English words had he learnt by theend of last year Simple Present 一般现在时一般现在时 Simple Past 一般过去时一般过去时 Simple Future 一般将来时一般将来时 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 V I study English everyday 我每天都学习英语 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 V ed Two years ago I studied English in America 两年前 我在美国学英语 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 will V If you are having problems I will help you study English 如果你在学习英语当中 遇到问题 我 将帮助你 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 be going to V I m going to study English next year 我明年将开始学习英语 Present Continuous 现在进行时现在进行时 Past Continuous 过去进行时过去进行时 Future Continuous 将来进行时将来进行时 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 be doing I am studyingEnglish now 我正在学习英语 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 was were doing I was studying English when you called yeaterday 你昨天给我打电话的时候 我正在 学习英语 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 will be doing I will be studying English when you arrive tonight 明晚你来的时候 我会正在学习英语 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 be going to be doing I m going to be 6 英语时态表英语时态表 英语时态举例 英语时态举例 studying English when you arrive tonight 同上 Present Perfect 现在完成时现在完成时 Past Perfect 过去完成时过去完成时 Future Perfect 将来完成时将来完成时 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 have has done I have studied English in several different countries 在一些国家 我已经学习了英语 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 had done I had studied a little English before I moved to the U S 在我搬去美国之前 我已经学习了 一点英语 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 will have done I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course 在我完成这个课程的时候 我已经能 完成英语时态的学习了 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 be going to have done I m going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course 同上 Present Perfect Continuous 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 Past Perfect Continuous 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 Future Perfect Continuous 将来完成进行时将来完成进行时 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 have has been doing I have been studying English for ten years 我已经学习英语有十年的时间了 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 hadbeen doing I had been studying English for ten years before I moved to the U S 在我搬去美国之前 我已经学习了 十年的英语了 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 will have been doing I will have been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive 明晚你来的时候 我已经学习英语 3 个小时了 7 英语时态表英语时态表 详细讲解详细讲解 一般现在时一般现在时 通常以动词原形表示 主语为第三人称单数时 用现单三形式 动词 be 和 have 表示 拥有 各人称的单数形式为 第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数 Have Have Have Has Be Am Are is 一般现在时的否定式 疑问式和简单回答形式如下 动词 be 与 have 表示 拥有 否定式直接把 not 放在动词之后 疑问式直接把动词放在 主语之前 见下表 否定式 疑问式 Be Have Be Have I am not I m not I have not haven t Am i Have i You are not aren t You have not haven t Are you Have you He is not isn t He has not hasn t Is he Has he 动词 be 的否定疑问式和简单回答 否定疑问式 肯定回答 否定回答 Am I not aren t i Yes you are No you aren t Are you not aren t you Yes I am No I m not Is he not isn t he Yes he is No he isn t 动词 be 与 have 表示 拥有 否定式直接把 not 放在动词之后 疑问式直接把动词放在主语 之前 见下表 否定式 疑问式 Be Have Be Have I am not I m not I have not haven t Am i Have I You are not aren t You have not haven t Are you Have you He is not isn t He has not hasn t Is he Has he 动词 have 表示 拥有 的否定疑问式和简单回答 否定疑问式 肯定回答 否定回答 Have I not haven t i Yes you have No you haven t Have you not haven t you Yes I have No I haven t Has he not hasn t he Yes he has No he hasn t 注意 have 作为行为动词则只能按照行为动词的规则变化 行为动词 以 study 为例 一般现在时的否定式 疑问式和简单回答 注意要加助动词 do does 否定式 疑问式 I do not don t study Do I study 句子结构句子结构 主语主语 be going to have been doing I m going to have beenstudying English for over three hours by the time you arrive 同上 8 You do not don t study Do you study He does not doesn t study Does he study 否定疑问句式 简单回答 肯定 否定 Do I not Don t I study Yes I do No I don t Do you not Don t you study Yes you do No you don t Does he not Doesn t he study Yes he does No he doesn t 英语时态表英语时态表 详细讲解详细讲解 现在进行时 一般过去时现在进行时 一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 由助动词 be 现在分词构成 其中 be 有人称和数的变化 有三种形式 第一人称单数用 am 第三人称单数用 is 其他用 are 现在进行时的否定式是 直接在助动词 be 后面加上 not 疑问式是 把助动词 be 提到主语之 前 以 study 为例 否定式 疑问式 I am not studying Am I studying You are not studying Are you studying He is not studying Is he studying 一般过去时一般过去时 一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示 一般过去时的否定式 疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词 do 的过去式 did 同时注意实义动词要用原形 以 study 为例 其否定式 疑问式和简单回 答形式如下 否定式 疑问式 I did not didn t study Did I study You did not didn t study Did you study He did not didn t study Did he study 否定疑问式 简单回答 肯定 否定 Did I not Didn t I study Yes you did No you didn t Di you not Didn t you study Yes I did No I didn t Did he not Didn t he study Yes he did No he didn t 9 英语时态表英语时态表 详细讲解详细讲解 过去进行时 过去完成时过去进行时 过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时 由助动词 be 的过去式 现在分词构成 其中 be 有人称和数的变化 第一 第三人称单数 用 was 其他用 were 1 过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作 过 去进行时经常与过去时配合使用 例如 This time yesterday we were having an English lesson 昨天这个时候 我们正在上英语课 The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room 老师在给我们上课时 汤姆走进教室 While we were having supper all the lights went out 我们吃饭的时候 灯灭了 He was reading while she was setting the table 她摆桌子时 他在读书 It was getting dark The wind was rising 天渐渐黑下来了 风势增强了 2 过去进行时动词常用 always continually frequently 等词连用 表示过去经常发生的行为 这种用法表明带有的感情色彩 例如 The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young 两兄弟小时候常吵架 In Qing Dynasty China was always making concessions to western powers 清朝时 中国总 是对西方列强妥协 过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 一律用 had 过去分词构成 用法 1 表示发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情 即 过去的过去 用过去完成时 必须有一 个过去的时间或动作来作参照 说明在此之前某事已发生 如果两个动作都是在过去发生的 先发生的用过去完成时 后发生的用一般过去时 例如 She told me she had been there three times before 她告诉我她以前到过那里三次 去过 发生在 告诉 之前 How long had he taught here by the end of last term 到上学期末为止 他在这里教学多长 时间啦 教学 发生在上学期末结束之前 When we arrived the football match had already begun 我们到的时候 足球赛已经开始了 She had visited China twice before she came this year 她今年来中国之前已访问过中国两次 了 2 过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态 这一动作一直持续 到过去这一时刻或将继续下去 例如 By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years 到上月中旬 我已在北京住 了五年了 By six o clock they had worked for eight hours 到六点为止 他们已工作八小时了 10 When I came to Shanghai he had been there for a long time 我到上海时 他在那里很长时 间了 3 过去完成时动词常用于间接引语和虚拟语气 我们以后会详细讲述 4 此外 过去完成时常用于 no sooner than 和 hardly scarcely when 这两个句型 前面部分用过去完成时 后面部分用一般过去时 例如 No sooner had he stolen the purse than he was caught red handed He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red handed 他刚偷到钱包就被当场抓获 Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured Hardly had Saddam realized what was happening when he was captured 萨达姆还没有意识到在发生什 么事情就被抓获了 英语时态表英语时态表 详细讲解详细讲解 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 一般将来时 一般将来时 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 had been 动词的现在分词 用法 表示一直持续到过去某个时间的行为动作 此行为动作或刚结束 或还没结束 可以从 上下文看出 这一时态经常与一般过去时一起使用 例如 When he came in I had been trying to repair the TV for a couple of hours 他进来的时候 我一直在努力修理电视机好几个小时了 The roads were dangerous It had been raining for two whole days 道路很危险 雨一直下 了两整天 They were tired because they had been digging since dawn 他们累了 因为从天亮开始他们 就一直在挖 The boy was delighted with the new mountain bike He had been hoping for one for a long time 那男孩得到一辆新山地自行车很高兴 很长时间来他一直希望有一辆 11 一般将来时一般将来时 一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况 主要有以下几种表现形式 1 shall will 动词原形 表示单纯的将来 不涉及主语的主观意愿 第一人称 I we 用 shall 或 will 其余用 will 其否 定式 疑问式和简单回答形式如下 否定式 疑问式 I shall will not study Shall I study You will not study Will you study He will not study Will he study 否定疑问式 简单回答 肯定 否定 Shall I not shan t i study Yes you will No you won t Will you not Won t you study Yes I shall will No I shan t won t Will he not Won t he study Yes he will No he won t 例如 I shall be twenty years old next year 我明年二十岁 The sky is black I think it will rain 天黑下来了 我想可能会下雨 You will meet him at the station this afternoon 你下午会在车站碰到他 The train will arrive soon 火车快要到了 When shall we see you next time 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢 He probably won t go with us 他大概不能和我们一起去 注意 1 shall will 的缩写形式为 ll 如 I ll you ll he ll 和 she ll 等 2 will 用于第一人称时 可以表示将来的意愿 决心 允诺 命令等 shall 用于第二 三人 称时 可以表示说话人的将来的意愿 例如 I will give you a new pen for your birthday 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物 允诺 I will take the college entrance examination 我将参加大学入学考试 决心 Shall I open the window 我打开窗户好吗 征求允诺 You shall have the book as soon as I get it 我一拿到书就给你 说话人的允诺 The enemy shall not pass 决不让敌人通过 说话人的保证 I will do my best to help you 我愿意尽力帮助你 意愿 Nobody shall be late for the meeting 任何人开会都不能迟到 说话人的命令 2 be going 动词不定式 1 这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事 这种打算往往是事先考虑好的 例如 My brother is going to learn English next year 我哥哥准备明年学英语 12 I am going to meet Tom at the station at six 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆 She is not going to be there 她不会到那儿去的 When are you going to finish your work 你的工作什么时候做完 He is going to stay a week 他准备呆一星期 We are going to call a meeting to discuss it 我们准备开个会来讨论一下 2 这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事 例如 Look at these black clouds it is going to rain 看这些乌云 要下雨了 I think it is going to snow 我看要下雪 I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold 恐怕我要得重感冒 英语时态表英语时态表 详细讲解详细讲解 将来进行时将来进行时 将来进行时将来进行时 shall will be 现在分词 用法 将来进行时动词表示在将来某一段时间内将会发生的动作 This time next week we shall be working in that factory 下星期这时候 我们将在那个工厂 劳动 When I get up tomorrow morning my mother will be getting breakfast for me 当我明天早 晨起床时 我妈妈将在为我准备早