江苏高考英语真题任务型阅读

1 2013 江苏卷江苏卷 第四部分 任务型阅读 共第四部分 任务型阅读 共 10 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 分 满分分 满分 10 分 分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单 词 注意 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 每个空格只填一个单词 Quiet Virtue The Conscientious The everyday signs of conscientiousness 认真尽责 being punctual careful in doing work self disciplined and scrupulous 一丝不苟的 in attending to responsibilities are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen the people who keep things running as they should They follow the rules help out and are concerned about the people they work with It s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves who always gets things done on deadline Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field In studies of job performance outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs from semi skilled labor to sales and management depends on conscientiousness It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization the secretary whose message taking is perfect the delivery truck driver who is always on time Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales Conscientiousness also offers a buffer 缓冲 against the threat of job loss in today s constantly changing market because employees with this quality are among the most valued For the sales representatives their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves they can hold other people to their own standards and so be overly judgmental when others don t show the same high levels of model behavior Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious for example tended to criticize co workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized which damaged their relationships When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations it can discourage creativity In creative professions like art or advertising openness to wild ideas and spontaneity 自发性 are scarce and in demand Success in such occupations calls for a balance however without enough conscientiousness to follow through people become mere dreamers with nothing to show for their imaginativeness 2 题型自主分析 题型自主分析 1 原词重现 信息查找 2 词性转换 信息加工 3 提炼概括 信息归纳 3 2012 江苏卷江苏卷 第四部分第四部分 任务型阅读任务型阅读 共共10 小题小题 每小题每小题1 分分 满分满分10 分分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 每个空格只填一个单词 Happiness Advantage Effect In July 2010 Burt s Bees a personal care products company was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries In this kind of high pressure situation many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in boxes with urgent demands In doing so managers lift everyone s anxiety level which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex 大脑皮层 which is responsible for effective problem solving Burt s Bees s then CEO John Wolfgang took a different approach Each day he d send out an e mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing He d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company s values He asked me to further a three hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort As one member of the senior team told me a year later Wolfgang s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one That outcome shouldn t surprise us Research shows that when people work with a positive mind set 思维模式 performance on nearly every level productivity creativity involvement improves Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance For one most people believe that success comes before happiness Once I get a promotion I ll be happy they think Or Once I hit sales targe I ll feel great But because success is a moving target as soon as you hit your target you raise it again the happiness that results from success does not last long In fact it works the other way around People who have a positive mind set perform better in the face of challenge I call this the happiness advantage every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive I ve observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success And I m not alone In an analysis of 225 academic studies researchers found strong evidence of cause and effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics our environment or a combination of the two determines how happy we are To be sure both factors have an impact But one s general sense of well being is surprisingly unstable The habits you form the way you interact with colleagues how you think about stress all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success 4 题型自主分析 题型自主分析 1 原词重现 信息查找 2 词性转换 信息加工 3 提炼概括 信息归纳 5 2011 江苏卷江苏卷 第四部分 任务型阅读第四部分 任务型阅读 共共 10 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 分 满分分 满分 10 分分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 每个空格只填 1 个单词 When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not Why Difficult When we wrong someone we know even not intentionally we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation But when we re acting as leaders the circumstances are different The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record Refusing to apologize can be smart or it can be stupid So readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony while an apology that is too little too late or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin What then is to be done How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly Why Now The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent During the last decade or so the United States in particular has developed an apology culture apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies More articles cartoons advice columns and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies Why Bother Why do we apologize Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult embarrassing and even risky Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target They are expected to appear strong and capable And whenever they make public statements of any kind their individual and institutional reputations are in danger Clearly then leaders should not apologize often or lightly For a leader to express apology there needs to be a good strong reason Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so Why Refuse Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize even when a public apology seems to be in order Their reasons can be individual or institutional Because leaders are public figures their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations as we shall see but it is a high risk strategy 6 题型自主分析 题型自主分析 1 原词重现 信息查找 2 词性转换 信息加工 3 提炼概括 信息归纳 7 2010 江苏卷江苏卷 第四部分 任务型阅读第四部分 任务型阅读 共共 10 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 分 满分分 满分 10 分分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 每个空格只填 1 个单词 For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the sixth sense of direction By trying out ideas and solving problems one by one they are now getting closer to one answer One funny idea is that animals might have a built in compass 指南针 Our earth itself is a big magnet 磁体 So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south When people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass it allowed sailors to navigate 航海 on ocean voyages even under cloudy skies Actually the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homes Some of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at night Experiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patterns But they can keep on course even under cloudy skies How can they do that A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeon Not all pigeons can find their way home Those that can are very good at it and they have been widely studied One interesting experiment was to attach little magnets to the birds heads to block their magnetic sense just as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinner On sunny days that did not fool the pigeons Evidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are going But on cloudy days the pigeons with magnets could not find their way It was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic sense Similar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybees These insects also seem to have a special sense of direction In spite of the experiments the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinary How would an animal get the magnetic stuff for a compass An answer came from an unexpected source A scientist was studying bacteria that live in the mud of ponds and marshes He found accidentally little rod like bacteria that all swam together in one direction north Further study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of dense particles inside which proved magnetic The bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the earth s magnet The big news was that a living thing even a simple bacterium can make magnetite That led to a search to see whether animals might have it By using a special instrument called magnetometer scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds and even in fish In each animal except for the bee the magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brain Thus the idea of a built in animal compass began to seem reasonable 8 题型自主分析 题型自主分析 1 原词重现 信息查找 2 词性转换 信息加工 3 提炼概括 信息归纳 The Magnetic Sense The Living Compass Passage outlineSupporting details The existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compass Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely 71 magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south 72 on the idea above the navigating compass was invented The possibility of birds built in compasses One piece of evidence is the 73 of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course 74 under cloudy skies The 75 on pigeons and bees built in compasses Little magnets were tied to the pigeons heads to 76 their magnetic sense The pigeons magnetic sense seemed to be affected on 77 days Similar things with the same results were done with bees The 78 of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass Little rod like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of 79 Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the 80 inside their bodies 9 2009 江苏卷江苏卷 第四部分 任务型阅读 共第四部分 任务型阅读 共 10 小题 每小题小题 每小题 l 分 满分分 满分 l0 分 分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 每个空格只填 1 个单词 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上 Communication Principles How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he or she is the center Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication A student for instance may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment I know my teacher doesn t like the fact that I don t agree with his opinions and that s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class The teacher might say the opposite Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person s view is wrong The concept of self originates in communication Through verbal and nonverbal symbols a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others You establish self image The sort of person you believe you are by how others think of you Positive negative and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people In a more obvious way communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share So the communication begins with the self as defined largely by others and involves others as defined largely by the self Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life If you are not communicating with yourself thinking planning reacting to the world around you you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior Even if the other person did not intend a message for you you gather observations and draw specific conclusions A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you A third person smiles perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently and you believe that he is attracted to you We are continually picking up meanings from others behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them More often than not you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement You may have made a joke out of your rude statement Nonetheless your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others Communication cannot be reversed 倒退 nor can it be repeated When you tried to re create the atmosphere the conversation and the setting nothing seemed right Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results 10 Paragraph outlineSupporting Details Communication begins with the self People are somewhat products of others treatment and messages we are always 71 in communication with others Communication 72 others Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles Messages from others help you 73 who you are Needs and 74 of others should be considered Communication 75 everywhere We are communicating with ourselves by thinking planning and reacting to the outside world We are always 76 other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you We are constantly collecting meanings from others 77 We are constantly 78 meanings by what we do Communication cannot be reversed nor repeated You may explain what you have done but you cannot 79 what remains in the other person s mind Yon may redo the conversation but you 80 achieve the same results 题型自主分析 题型自主分析 1 原词重现 信息查找 2 词性转换 信息加工 3 提炼概括 信息归纳 11 2008 江苏卷江苏卷 第四部分 任务型阅读第四部分 任务型阅读 共 小题 每小题 分 满分 分共 小题 每小题 分 满分 分 请认真阅读下列短文 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词 注意 每个空格只填一个单词 请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上 Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym Scientific investigations 调查 are almost always carried out by teams of people working together Ideas are shared experiences are designed data are analyzed and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators Group work is necessary and is usually more productive than working alone Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates Whatever the task your group is assigned a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience What comes first is to keep an open mind because everyone s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution Secondly it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths Thirdly always work together take turns and encourage each other by listening clarifying and trusting one another Mutual support and trust often make a great difference Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities Make sure each group member understands and a