外文.pdf

I nt e d s i mu l on of t he i nj e c t i on i ng pr s t h s t e r e t s t r u i t s a r e f or i gn v e r i fi c a t i on t e s t i fi e l d t r i a l s ,c om e r e i a nd i o n n B y e l i m i na t i ng m i s t e t r e a t i on o f t he i c t i on m e c t l y by a r a R P ) s s t t i s e of r e ng t he t i m e a nd c n e e t o m l v e nt i t i e s t s . T he a l of t i gr a t i o n of i c t i on m w i t h R P h a s r a t e d m a ny t i m e s . i s m i s s i ng i s t he f e nt a l s t a of h he m fi c a t i o ns t o t he m m a t e r i a l a P m a c t ng s s i m t t i gn a n d t he i c t i on m i ng s s . I n a i n um e r i c a l s i m t i o nt e c h a ve om e t of m i s a nd s s e ne e r sf or t r a i o i c t i on m B ut a l l c u r r e nt s i m t i on e s f or c o c t i on m a r e no l a p p l i c a t o t t o f i c t i on m m a i a t he t y o f t he m m a t e r i a l c h a a t l y. I n t a ni gr a t e d a h t o a c c om s h a n um e r i c a l s i m t i on of i n j e c t i on m i a m i s e s t a s a nd a c e s s i m t i on s e m i C om i s w i t h e x i m e l r e s s a r e e m f or v e r i fi c a t i o n,w h s h ow t t he s e nt s c e i s w e l l s u i t e d t o P f a c a t e ds t e r e t S L ) m K e K I n j e c t i on m u m e r i c a l s i m t i a n t r c t i n i c t i on m i t he e r m e l t a t t e m pe r a t ur e i s i c t e d i t u s s ur e 1. T t he m m a t e r i a l n e e ds t o t h e r m a l a e c a l t i e s c a pa b l e o f w i t a t he t e m pe r a t ur e s a nd s s ur e s he m i ng c y c l e . T he f of m a ny s t s n t o c r e a t e t c t i on m e c t l y by a r a R P ) s s . B y e l i m i na t i i s t e t h i s m e t of t ng h s t he t i s e of r e ng t he t i m e a t o c r e a t e l v e t i e s of t s i n a i o n m a t e r i a l . T a l of i gr a t i ng i c t i on m w i t h R P t e c s ha s r a t e d m a ny t i m e s . T he t i e s P m a r e v e r y f e r e nt f r om t t r a i o m e t a l m T he f e r e s a r e t he t i e s of t m a lc i y a n d e l a s t i c m od r i i t y). F or e t he e r s u s e d i - f a c a t e d s t e r e t S L ) m h a ve a t m a l c i y t i s l e s st t t of a n a l um i t I n P t e c s t o c r e a t em t he e r e m i gn a n d i c t i i ng s s a m e t e r s d t o fi e d a nd m i z e d f r om t r a i o m e t s t o t he c om t e l f e r e nt t m a t e r i a l . H t e i s s t i l l no t a f e n t a l s t a he m fi c a t i t o t he m t ng m e t a nd m a t e r i a l i m t t he m i gn a nd t he i c t i on m s s a m e t e r s . O n e c a i n r e a s e s s b y s i m c a f e w m a t e r i a l t i e s i n c e nt m s . A l s o, u s i r a i o a w m a a c t t s m a y be g e a t i ng s m a lr e s s . S o t e i s a e n e e d t o s t t he i r a c t i o n w e e n t he r a t R T )c e s s a nd m a t e r i a l a n d i c t i on m s o a s t o e s t a s h t he m i r i t e r i a a nd t e c f or a n R T - e d i c t i on m s s .I n a i c om r s i m t i on i s a n e f f e c t i ve a h f or t i ng t i t y of m t s . C om m e r c i a l l y a l a s i m t i on of t r a i o i c t i on m s s n ow om e r ne t o f t he m i a nd c e s s e n e r 2. U t e l y , c e nt s i m t i o n m s f o i c t i on m a r e no l a c a t o R P m a of t m a t i c a l l y s i m i l a r t m a t e r i a l . F or i a i n ng t h e e t i ng s i m t i w a r e w i t h a l u m i a n d S L m a n d c om i ng w i t h e i m e l r e s s ,t he s i m t i on of t t i o n a r e r e a s f or t he a l um i m r e s s a r e u c e w i t h t he e r r or e e 0%. T he t i o n i c t i on m i ng i s t o s nk a ge a nd w a r of t he s t i c t , a s w e l l a s t F or i l y m t he m a i n f a c t or i s t he s h r i a n d w a r pa ge of t s t i c t , w h i s m e d a c c t e l y i n c ur r e nt s i m t i B ut f P m s ,t he t or t i o n of t he m h a s a l l y m i n fl w h n c t e di n c e nt m s . F or i a 3 d a s i m p l e t e - s t e p s i m t i on s s t oc t he m t or t i w h t oo m t i n t e d on t h e a a s , a s i m t i o n s e m f Pm i s e l T he d s y s t e m f e s on t i ng t t i o n, w hi s i ng e c t i n R P - m t s . T he e l s i m t i on c a n be a e d a sa n e v a l ua t i o n t f P m i gn a n d s s m i z a t i O u r s i m t i o ns e m i s i fi e d b y a n e i m e l e x a m p l e .A l t m a ny m a t e r i a l s a r e a l a f or i n R P t e c h no l s , w ec a t e o n u s i ng s t e r e t ho S L ) , t he l R P t e c t o c r e a t e r m T L c e s s s e r a n d l a s e r e gy t o d a tl a b y l a U s i L t a a ge of t he c om m e r c i a l na o f S Li n t P i r y a nd t he s e t i s e e t n e l f r e a t i ng a c c t e , l i t y t s . U n t i l r e c e nt l y, S L w a s m a r i l y u s e d t o c r e a t c a l m s f or i t i on a nd f or m - fi t s t s w i t h y l i m i t e df t i o a c a t i o H t he e r a t i on s t e r e t ho gr a e r s h a ve i m pr e ns i m e c a l a nd t m a l t i e sm a i t i t o u s e t f or a c t f i o m n t e d s i mu l on of t he i n g p r s 1 Me t h o d o l o g yI n t o s i m t e t he of a n S L m i n t he i c t i on m s s , a ni t e r a t i ve m e t i s d. D i f f e r e nt s w a r e m s h a ve n e l a d t o a c c om s h t t a s k. T he m a i n a s s um pt i on i s t t e m pe r a t ur e a n d l a r y c i o ns c a u s e s i c a nt t i o ns i n t L m T he s i m t i o ns t e ps a r e a s f o w s :1 T he t g e om e t r y i s m e d a s a s d m w h i s t r a ns l a t e d t o a fi l er e a by t he fl ow a s e i m t e t he m fi l l i n g s s of t he m e l t i a t e r m w h w i l l t he r e s i ng t e m pe r a t ur e a n d s s ur e fi l e s t r l a s i s t f e d on t he e r m m ng t he t m a l a nd l y c i o ns i f r om t he v i o us s t e p,w h c a l c t e s t he t t i o n t t he m go i ng t he i c t i on s s f t h e t i o n of t he m c m t o t he s t e p. O t h e r w i s e ,t he t or t e d m c a y i s t m e d ( c i n t he e ns i of t he c a ya f t e r t i o n), a nd r e t ur ns t o t he s e c s t e p t o s i m t e t he m e l t i c t i on i t t e d m he s nk a ge a n d w a r pa ge s i m t i on of t he i c t i on m t i s t e d, w h c a l c t e s t he fi na l t or t i o ns of t he m t .I n a i m t i on fl t h e r e a r e t e i c s i m t i o n m od s 2 F i l l i n g s i m u l a t i o n o f t h e m e l 2 . 1 Ma t h e m a t i c a l m o d e l i n gI n t o s i m t e t he of a n S L m i n t he i c t i on m s s , a ni t e r a t i ve m e t i s d. D i f f e r e nt s w a r e m s h a ve n a d t o a c c om s h t t a s k. T he m a i n a s s um pt i on i s t t e m pe r a t ur e a n d l y c i c a s i i c a nt t or t i o ns i n t L m T he s i m t i o n s t e r e a s f o w s :1. T he t e t r y i s m e d a s a s d m w h i s t r a ns l a t e d t o a f i l er e a by t he f l o w a s e S i m t e t he m f i l l i ng s s of t he m e l t i a e r m w hw i l l t he r e s i ng t e m pe r a t ur e a n d s s ur e l e s S t r l a n a l s i s t f e d o n t he e r m m u s i he t m a l a n d l y c i i ne d f r om t he s t e p, w hc a l c t e s t he t or t i on t t he m go i ng t h e i c t i on s s I f t he t i o n of t he m c r m t o t he n e xt s t e p. O t w i s e , t t e d m c a y i s t h e n m e d ( c i n t he e ns i of t he c a v i t y a f t e t i o n), a nd r e t ur ns t o t he s e c s t e p t o s i m t e t he m e l t i c t i on i t t e d m T he s nk a ge a nd w a r s i m t i on o f t he i c t i on m t i s t e d, w h c a l c t e s t he f i t i o ns o f t he m e d t .I n a i m t i on f l t e a r e t e i c s i m t i o n m s 2 F i l l i n g s i m u l a t i o n o f t h e m e l 2 . 1 Ma t h e m a t i c a l m o d e l i n gC om r s i m t i on t e c h a ve s e s s i n t i ng f i l l i n g n e x t r e m e l y c om c a t e d g e om e t r i e s . H m of t he c e nt n um e r i c a li m m e nt a t i o n i s e d o n a d f i e - e l e m e f i e - f e r e nc e s i on w i t h t i ne m T he a c a t i o n s s o f s i m t i on e d o n t i s i l l us t r a t e d i n F i g. 2 H u k e t he s a c e / s d m i nm i A D s e m s , t he s o- c a l l e d m i a s s h i n F i g. 2- 1 b) i s a ni m a r y a r r a r y e t r y a t t he m i of t he c a y i n t he g a p- w i s e c t i w h s ng a a t i i n a c a t i F or e s a c e m s a r e c om m u s e d i n c e P s e m s ( a l l y S T L f i l e f a t ) ,s o s e c y m i ng i s u a w u s i ng s i m t i on a t s i n t P a nd s i m t i on s e m s a r e f e r e C i d e r i ng t e e c t s , t a c e m of t he c a v i t y i s i d a s um i n t he s i m t i o n, i e a d he m i d c c or t o t he i t i i 4 6, f i l l i e t i f or t l ow a nd t e m pe r a t ur e f i e l d c a n be w r i t t e n a s :w e x , y a r e t he c e s i n t he m i a n d z i s t he g a p- w i s ec e ; u , v ,w a r e t he v e l o c i t y c om s i n t he x , y , z e c t i u , v a r e t a ge w t s e s ; a n d , , T ) , K( T ) r e s e nt c os i t y, t y,s i f i c h e a t a nd t m a l c i y of e r m e l t , r e s t i a d. S c a t i c pr of t he s i m ul a t i on w i t h m i pl a ne m a T - D s a c em b T he m i pl a ne m c T he m e s m i pl a ne m d T he pl a y of t i m ul a t i on r e s n a i o n, y c i o ns i n t he g a p- w i s e e c t i on c a n be i a s :w e T W i s t he c a nt w a l l t e m pe r a t ur e ( s i n F i g. 2a) .C om 1 4 w i t h E 5 6, i t f o w s t t h e t r i of t h e u , v , T ,P a t z c e s s be s ym m e t r i c a l , w i t h t he m i r r or a ng z = 0, a y t he u , v a a i n f - t s i s e t o t a v e r a i nw t s . B a s e d o n t c a c t e r i s t i c , w e c a n t he w c a v i t y i w o e t s i n t he g a p- w i s e e c t i a s c r i b e d a n d P I i n F i g. 2b.A t t he s a m e t i m e , t r i a r f i e e l e m e nt s a r e a t e d i n t he s a c e ( s ) of t a y ( a t z = 0 i n F i g. 2b), i e a d o f t he m i a t z = 0 i n F i g. 2a) .A c c or f i e - f e r e i e m e i n t he s e e c t i on a r e e m n t he i de of t he s a c e ( s ) ( w a l l t o m i c e r - l i , w h, i n F i g. 2b, m e a r om z = 0 t o z = b . T i s s i s i i ns t e a d of t w o- s i w i t h r e s t t o t i i f r om t he m i l i ne t o t w o w a l l s ) . I n a i o n, t he c es e m i s c h a f r i g. 2a t o F i g . 2b t o a l t e r t he f i e - e l e m e f i e - f e r e c e , a s s i n F i g. 2b. Wi t h t he a m e e t i a r e s t i l lE 1 4. H t he l y c i o ns i n t he s e e c t i on a r er e w r i t t e n a s :Me a e , a i o y c i o ns m be e m a t z = b i n o p t he f l a t t he j ur e of t h e t w o t s a t t he s a m e s e c t i o n c e 7:w e s u r i pt s I , I I r e s e nt t he a m e t e r s o f P a I , r e s t i ve l y,a m - I a n d C m - I I i a t e t h e m f r e e m e l t - f r of t he s u r f a c e s of t t w o t s i n t h e f i l l i ng s t a t s h be d t u k e c i o 7 a , e ng c i o 9 a 0 a r e d i n r i c a l i m p l e m e t i om e s m f i c t o t o w i ng r e a s . T he s a c e s a t t he s a m e s e c t i o n h a ve n m e s r e s t i y, w h l e a o a t i i ve t e r n of f i e e l e m e a t t he s a m e s e c t i o n. T a n i r t i a t i o n s be e m f or u , v , T , P ng t he c om i s on w e e n t he t w t s a t t he j ur e B e c a us e t he t w o t s h a ve r e s t i ve f l o w f i e l d s w i t h r e s t t o t he n a a nd ( a s s i n F i g. 2b) a t t he s a m e s e c t i o n, i t i s i t o i t he r f i l l e d or f i l l e d ( a nd e m . T e t w o c a s e s s be h a ds e a t e l y, a a t he a t i o n f or t he f or m e r , w e a s a s s i a t i o n f or t a t t e r I t f o w s t a s m a l l f e r e w e e n t he m e l t - f r i s m i s s i T l l c a n be i m m e nt e d b y t i m e a l l c ol or f e r a l t i l l c r ol of t he m e l t - f r n 4. T he i e s of t he f l ow f i e l d e b y e a c h m e l t - f r a m e s o i ti s n e c e s s a r y t o c k t he c i o n E q. 10 a f t e r e a c h c i n t he m e l t - f r I n v i e w of a m e a n a l ys i s , t he c a l a m e t e r s a t t he n he s a m e s e c t i o n s h be c om e d a nd a e d, s o t h