名词的单复数讲解与练习.doc

11名词的单复数讲解与练习（七年级）一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。 可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等) 集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。二、关于可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book books room rooms house houses day days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。但是有些以o结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式只加s,另外如果字母o前面是元音字母也只加s。piano-pianos(外来词，from Italian) photo-photos(from greece)bamboo-bamboos(结尾的o前面是元音字母o） cameo-cameos（元音字母e）bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city cities body bodiesfactory factories等等。 例外 boy boys play plays4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leaves knife knives wife wives5. 特例，特例常常考，要记住。 child children man men woman women policeman policemen(规律：man men) tomato tomatoes potato potatoes注意： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo photos 以O结尾的单词变复数时，有生命的加es,无生命的加s.如：photo,zoo,为无生命的，stomato,potato为有生命的，es. foot feet tooth teeth注意： oo变成ee。 sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形注意：变复数时词形不变。 people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。6.集体名词：表示一群人或物的名词叫集体名词。为便于弄清其特点，我们不妨把它们分为表示无生命的物的“类”和表示主要是由人构成的“群”的集体名词。表示“类”的集体名词，常见的有Clothing、furniture、baggage/luggage、jewelry、traffic、information、machinery、merchandise、produce、scenery 形式上总是单数，没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语用单数。The old machinery is out of date. 不可直接与a（n）或数词连用。表数量时用much，little，some，a piece of，an article of等：Each room has five pieces of furniture. 若需用代词，用单数代词：Do you want to see my jewelry?It is in the box.表示“群”的集体名词常见的有1.People、police、cattle、poultry、vermin、clergy、militia、crew；以上的单词做主语时，谓语动词用复数：The police are looking for him2.amily、class、team、government、crowd、committee、jury、party、firm、couple、board、group、gang、enemy、union、audience、public、mankind、humanity、youth以上的词把若集体当作一个整体时，用作单数；若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时，看作复数。My family is a large one.我的家庭是个大家庭My family are all workers.我家里人都是工人注意：把一个集体名词看作单数或复数，要注意前后一致。如：The team is famous for its(不能用their) long history.该对以历史悠久而闻名。三、关于不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water (水) waters (水域) orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子) people（人）peoples（民族）3. 很多不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs四、名词可数不可数“六注意”1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如：desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如：some bread， a little milk等。2、单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)，表示特指时，前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰，表示特指时，前面一定要用定冠词the。如：He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰，表示一些，许多。如：There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用单位词+of来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。5、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如：This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数单位词时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如：How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？注意：对不可数名词前的单位词的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。 如：How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包？单复数同形：deer 鹿 means 手段，方法sheep 羊，绵羊 series 连续，系列fish 鱼 species 种类Chinese 汉语(单），中国人（复） works 工厂；作品ethics 伦理学（单）；道德行为（复） statistics 统计学（单）；数据（复） 名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词，其中可数名词具有单复数的形式；而不可数名词没有可数名词复数变化规则如下：1一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches3以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5. 以o结尾，有生命的加es, 无生命的加s. 如：potato-potatoes. zoo-zoos6不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women,policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet,. tooth-teeth,fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如There are 56 peoples in China. 以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) orange（橙汁）juice（果汁）bread（面包）不可数名词的数量关系可借助量词表示，如。a cup of tea two cups of tea1 用所给名词的正确形式填空。1. I have two_ (knife)2. There are many _ here. (box)3. There are many _ on the road. (bus)4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy)5. The _ are playing football now. (child)1Look at those _. (child)6.I can see a _ standing near the door. (policeman)7Do you want some _ for dinner? (potato)8 In autumn, you can see a lot of _ on the ground.(leaf)9He has two _.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)10 Two _ live in this building .( family )11 There are so many_(wolf)in the forest.12 There are three _(chair) in the classroom.13.These _(tomato) are red. 14._(hero) are great.15.My brother looks after two _(baby)16.There are some _(deer) eating the grass.17.My father likes to eat _(potato).18.Chinese _(people)like to eat noodles.19.I have a lot of _(toy) in my bedroom.20.I help my mother wash _(dish) in the kitchen.21I have two _(pencil-box). 22.There are some _(bus)in the street.23.Peter has eight _(foot). 24.Linda has three _(tooth).25.There are some _(child) in the garden.26.Michael likes the _(mouse).27.There are some _(goose)in the river.28.My uncle and father are _(man).29.Tom and King are _(boy). 30.Linda has three _(tooth).二选择填空1They come from different _ A. countryB. countries C. a countryD. countrys2. How many _ do you see in the picture? A. tomatosB. tomatoes C. tomatoD. the tomato3. There are_ birds in that big tree. A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of C. five hundred of D. hundred of4. There are some _ in these _. A.knifespencil-boxes B.knivespencils-box C.knivespencil-box D.knivespencils-boxes5. _are good for our health . A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato6. I like to eat cake with _. 7. A. cherries B. cherry C.cherrys8. _ and _ are not friends. A. FoxswolfsB.FoxeswolfsC. Foxeswolves8. Do you want to drink _much? A、a milk B、milk C、milks9. This is room. Its very big. A、Lily and Lucys B、Lilys and Lucys C、Lilys and Lucy10. Do you want some _for supper? A、a potatoB、potatoesC、potatos11.In autumn，you can see a lot of_ on the ground. A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves12.My sister has two _. One is old，the other is new. A、a watchB、watchsC、watches13.There _on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photosC. is a photo D. is photos14. Thats_ art book. A. an B. a C. the D are15. There_two_in the box. A. is, watch B. are, watches C. are, watch D. is, watches16.There is no _ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. Eggs巩固练习写出下列词对应的复数形式（注意：不可数名词不变，单复数同形的要写出来）1.I_ 2.him _ 3.this _4.her _ 5.wash _6.child _ 7.photo _ 8.diary _9.day_ 10.foot_11.book_ 12. dress _13.month_14.sheep _ 15.box_16.strawberry _17.thief_ 18.peach_19.sandwich _ 20.man_21.woman_ 22.paper_ 23.juice_ 24.water_25.milk_26.rice_ 27.tea_ 28.leaf_29. puppy_ _30. wish_31. knife_ 32. fly_ 33.fox_ 34.bus_ _35. bench_36.brush_ 37.church_38.dish_ 39.ruler_ 40.party_41. glass_ 42.pencil_43.boy_ 44.zoo_ 45.man_46. roof_ 47.shop_ 48. life_ 49.lady_ 50.key_51.side_ 52.watch_53.bamboo_ 54.city_ 55.family_56.apple_ 57.eraser_ 58.speech_59.mouse_ 60.fish_61.goose_ 62. people _63.ox_ 64. mouth_ 65.deer _66.friend_ 67.library_68.oth_ 69.hero_ _ 70.boss_71.donkey_ 72.radio _73. horse _ 74. dog _ 75 monkey_76 text_ 77 Chinese_ 78 Japanese_ 79. factory _ 80.half_81.German_82.country_83.toy_ 84. pear_85. test_86. army_87. hour_88._89. dinosaur _ 90.Italian_91. inventor _ 92.musician_ 93.scientist_94.accident_ 95.pear_96.professor_ 97.shelf_98.season_ 99.trip_100. play_四、 写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 21、sheep 二、选择填空 1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo