学译林版选修六Unit 4 Helping people around the worldLanguage points学案.doc

module 6 unit 4 helping people around the world word study 主备人：张菊贤1. lack vt. sb lack sth. = sb be/run short of sth 某人没有、某人缺乏 e.g. he s confidence. n. u 但可加 a (a) of sth.= a shortage of sth. 没有/缺乏e.g. he quitted /quit school for lack of money.lack of sleep can affect learning and memory. 缺乏睡眠会影响学习和记忆。its lack of confidence not lack of ability that makes many people fail.许多人失败不是因为缺少能力，而是因为缺乏信心。lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 sb be lacking in sth. 缺乏(某种品质、特点) e.g. he is lacking in wisdom / intelligence/confidence.2. refer (-red, -red；referring ) reference n. vi. to sb/sth. 提到某人某事；参考/查阅某物refer to a dictionary = consult a dictionary = look up new words in a dictionary （查字典）when i said some students were stupid, i wasnt referring to you. (指的是，指而言)he suggested i buy the bestseller referred to by professor li. 他建议我买李教授提到的那本畅销书。refer to as 把称作children are often referred to as the “apple of their parents eye”.孩子常常被称为父母的掌上明珠.reference n. 参考，参阅 a book参考书 in / with to 关于 = regarding =concerning =in/with regard to 3. political a. 政治的 politics n. 政治 politician n. 政治家，政界人物；政客4.worthy adj. 值得的；令人敬重的 作表语：(很)值得做 sth be worthy of n./being done = sth be worthy to be done 某事值得做 c.f. sth be worth doing sth / 或+ money 某事值得做/ 某物值多少钱 it is worthwhile to do/ doing sth. 做是值得的 e.g. 这个地方值得参观。（一句多译）this place is worth visiting. this place is worthy of a visit /being visited.this place is worthy to be visited. it is worthwhile to visit/ visiting this place.作定语：可敬的；高尚的 a doctor / cause 一位可敬的医生/一份高尚的事业worthwhile 作定语时表示：值得花（时间等）；有价值的；重要的 a job/ advice 5. equal adj. be to sb./ sth./ doing sth. 平等的；同等的；等于；胜任的in my opinion, earning a large sum of money isnt equal to / does not equal living a happy life.women ask for equal pay for equal work. 妇女要求同工同酬。im not equal to the position. 我不胜任这个职位。vt. = match sth /doing sth/ sb three plus five equals (= is equal to) eight. a is equal to b in sth. = a equals b in sth. n. equality 平等dont you believe in equality between men and women? 你难道不相信男女平等吗？n. equal 同等或平等的人或物 the good thing about her as a boss is that she treats us all as equals.adv. equally treat sb. be famous/important6. contribute vt/ vi ( contributor 捐献/捐款人；投稿人；contribution n. c ) 捐助；贡献为撰稿 contribute to china daily 捐献，捐赠 to the red cross 导致，促成 = lead to = result in = cause = bring about honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. 诚实与勤奋导致成功。.does smoking contribute to lung cancer? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗？贡献 contribute a lot to society make contributions to sb/sth 为作出贡献7. acquire vt. 购得；获得，得到 （多指经过努力逐步获得知识、技能等，且一经获得就很难失去）acquire a knowledge of english 英语学得好 a habit of smoking 有抽烟的习惯 he has acquired a bad reputation for dishonesty.他得到了奸诈的坏名声。 acquisition n. 习得；获得 language acquisition 语言习得8. urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的 an call it is that they all (should) be present at the meeting. （虚拟语气） urge v.& n 力劝 feel/have an to do sth. sb to do sth that sb should do sth. urgency n. u9. starvation u die of = be starved to death 饿死 starve v. for sth./ to do sth. 渴望，极需要10. alternative adj. 可供替代的；可供选择的 energy an plan/ solution/ road n. c take the of doing sth. 选择做某事 have no alternative but to do sth. = have no / choice but to do sth. 别无选择只有做某事11. if only +从句 虚拟过去：if only he had passed the driving test! 虚拟语气 虚拟现在：if only he didnt drive so fast! （但愿） 虚拟将来： if only it would stop raining! 译：要是我能飞就好了。if only i could fly!要是我们不参加高考直接上大学就好了。if only we would / could go to university directly without taking the entrance examination!要是他当时开车慢一点点就好了！if only he had driven a bit more slowly then!c.f. only if 表示唯一的条件 “只要，只有” 引导条件状语从句；置于句首时主句用倒装i wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹铃响，我才会醒。 only if i go will he go. 只有我去了他才会去.12. possession n u 占有，拥有 c 财产，所有物（用复数） sb take /have possession of sth = sb possess sth 某人拥有某物 （指动作） sb be in possession of sth =sth be in the possession of sb= sth be in sbs possession（指状态）sth come into ones possession =sth come into the possession of sb 落入某人的手中put away all your possessions in safe places 把你所有的财产放在安全的地方 possess vt. 拥有 （财产等）具有（品质，才能等）支配，控制what qualities are you supposed to possess if you want to be a ceo? 如果你想当一个首席执行官，你应该具备什么样的品质？13. means方法，手段 （单复数一样） television is an effective means of communication. 电视是一种有效的通讯手段。the load was lifted by means of a crane. 重物是用起重机吊起来的。by means of 用方法， 依靠 thoughts are expressed words.by this means =_in_ this way = _with_ this method 用这种方法by all means 当然可以! = of course may i leave now? by all means！by no means 绝不，一点儿不 by no means shall we give up. 我们绝不会放弃。14.break down （机器等）出故障 we are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down.(计划，谈判等)失败， 坚持不下去了negotiations between the two sides have broken down.(身体)垮了；情绪等控制不住 with so much work filling my mind, i almost break down.分解，分化（侧重化学变化）拓展break up 散会; 驱散; 散学,学期结束放假 break through 突破;打通 break out 发生; 爆发 break away from 脱离;逃脱 改掉习惯break in/ into =burst in/ into 突然闯入 break up with sb 和某人绝交break into laughter=burst into laughter 突然大笑起来15.vacant adj. 未占用的，空着的 = unoccupied a seat/room (职位)空缺的 a positionvacancy n.（职位或岗位等）空缺 job 职位空缺 a for a secretary16. remind vt. sb of remind sb to do sth. remind sb that从句17. staff (集合名词) all the staff are/is excellent. he has a of fifty. 他有五十名职员。18. barrier n. c a to sth. 对于的障碍 19. think back to = look back on 回顾，回想 20. make a/no/some / much / little difference 有(没有/有些/很大/很小)作用(关系，影响)it makes no difference to me whether you leave or stay. （对某人来说）a small step makes a big difference in the event. (在方面)美文背诵resources savingour government is trying hard to save natural resources. it is everybodys duty to work hard and reach this goal. however, not everybody has realized the importance of it. take our school for example. sometimes, there is the case where we can see that lights and computers are still on after class. whats worse, some students even forget to turn off the tap after using it, leaving w