广州版八年级下册英语U2精讲精练.doc

卓越个性化教学讲义课 题U2知识要点总结及语法讲解教学目标掌握U2知识要点，理解并学会运用本单元语法形容词的用法。重 点本单元单词与短语过关，总结本周知识要点。难 点理解并学会运用本单元语法知识。Step 1 教学衔接：1、检查上次作业。2、讲解疑难点。Step 2 教学内容：1、复习本单元重点词汇。2、课文知识要点温故。3、语法知识点拨。4、知识拓展。Step 3 跟踪练习：1、 能力提高练习。2、 语法专项练习。Step 4 课堂小结：总结课堂所学。Step 5 家庭作业：作业 Unit 2知识要点总结Step 1词汇总结一、词形转换1. fun (n.)funny (adj.)2. succeed(v.) success (n.), successful(adj.)3. amuse(v.) amusement (n.)4. own(v.),owner(n.)5. sleep(v.) asleep(adj.), sleepy(adj.)6. angry(adj.),anger(n.)7. happy(adj.), happiness(n.),unhappy(opp)8. express(v.),expression(n.)9. art(n.),artist(n.)10. delight(v.),delighted(adj.)11. splendid (adj.),splendidly(adv.)12. possible(adj.),possibly(adv.)13. complain(v.),complaint(n.)14. wonder(n.),wonderful(adj.)15. bore(v.),boring/bored(adj.)16. frighten(v.)frightened(adj.)17. worry(v.),worried (adj.)18. close(v.),closed关闭的, close亲密的(adj.)19. open(v.),open(adj.)20. cheer(v.),cheerful(adj.)21. think(v.),thoughtful(adj.)22. good(adj.,)goodness(n.)23. value(n.),valuable(adj.)24.care(v.),careful/careless(adj.),carelessness(n.)25. exist(v.),existence(n. )26. skill(n.),skilful(adj.)27. true(adj.),truly(adv.)28. fail(v.),failure(n.), pass, succeed(opp.)29. wisdom(n.), wise(adj.)30. smart(adj.), foolish(opp.)31. humour(n.), humorous(adj.)32. collect(v.), collector(n.)二、短语1. 充满be full of, be filled with2. 对(某物)很满意 be delighted with3. 为工作 work for4. 同意做某事 agree to do sth.5. 尽力做 try to do sth.6. 同(某人)比赛，迎战 play against7. 二十世纪三十年代末 in the 1930s8. 射门得分 score a goal9. 想到 think of10. 戏弄（某人）play a trick on sb.11. 使陷入麻烦 get sb. into trouble12. 出发，启程 set out13. 为某人准备某物prepare sth for sb14. 救生衣 life jacket15. 犯事而落到(某人)手里 get in trouble with sb16. 大量的 plenty of17. 追溯到，始于 date back to18. 到处跑 run around19. 存在，现有 in existence20. 嘲笑 laugh at21. 处于良好的状态 in good condition22. 来自世界各地的 from all over the world23. 撞倒(某人) knock sb down24. 一个叫做的人 a man called/ named25. 回答，答复 in reply26. 有很长的历史 with a long history27. 不挡某人的道 move out of ones way28. 画出的轮廓 draw an outline of29. 朝上看 look up30. 处于困境，有麻烦的 be in trouble31. 熬夜 stay up 33. 想去做某事 would like to do sth.34. 兴奋的表情 a cheerful expression35. 灿烂的笑容 a big smile36. 做的方法 a way to do/ a way of doing37. 以多少赢 beat sb. byto38. 活过来 come to life39. 我们能够做的一切是 all we can do is40. 处于危险之中 be in danger三、句型解析1The short cartoons are full of fun.译文那些卡通短片充满了愉快和乐趣。fun为名词(n.)，且为不可数名词，意为“玩笑；嬉戏；有趣的事/人、乐事”。funny是形容词，意为“滑稽可笑的，有趣的，爱开玩笑的”。e.g.Hes too fond of fun.他太喜欢闹着玩了。The children were having a lot of fun with the building blocks.儿童们玩搭房子的积木玩得很开心。What fun!多么有趣！Her baby is great fun.她的婴儿非常好玩。Skating is good fun.滑冰很有趣。另外，它还可构成固定词组make fun of sb.，意为“同某人开玩笑”。e.g.He is angry. Dont make fun of him.他生气了。别同他开玩笑。funny是形容词(adj.)，意为“滑稽的，可笑的，好玩的，有趣的”。e.g.a funny story 好笑的故事Dont be funny.别开玩笑。2William Hanna and Joseph Barbera both worked for MGM in the late 1930s.译文威廉汉纳和约瑟夫巴伯拉两人在20世纪30年代后期为MGM公司效力。both表示“两者都”的含义，常用于be动词之后，实义动词之前。e.g.His parents are（be动词） both teachers.他的父母都是老师。The two boys both like（实义动词） drawing.两个男孩都喜欢画画。另外，请注意both与all的区别，both是指两个人或两个物都，用于两者，all是指三者或三者以上都。e.g.They both stood up when the teacher came in.当老师进来的时候，他们俩都站了起来。The students in our class all went to the park yesterday.昨天我们班里的学生都去了公园。They are all good students.他们都是好学生。in the late 1930s是表达“时间”的一种方式，意为“二十世纪三十年代晚期”，那么“二十世纪三十年代早期”表达为in the early 1930s。3They thought it would be funny to make the mouse smart and always get the cat into trouble.译文他们认为使老鼠变聪明并且总是使猫陷入困境将会很有趣。这是句型结构为：Itbeadj.for sb. to do sth.的用法。表示“（对某人来说）做某事是的”的意义，其中it为形式主语，to do sth.即动词不定式短语才是真正的主语。e.g.Its necessary for us to get timely help around.在周围及时找到帮助对于我们来说很有必要。It is important to make a plan for our future.为我们的未来制定计划很重要。特别提示：Itbeadj.for sb. to do sth.与Itbeadj.of sb. to do sth.这两个句型相似性与差异。不定式的逻辑主语用for还是of引出，关键看形容词，当形容词表示客观情况，描述不定式的特征、性质时常用for引出不定式的逻辑主语。e.g.It is important for us to study a foreign language.掌握一门外语对于我们来说很重要。It is very difficult for them to finish the task within so short a time.对他们来讲在这么短时间内完成这个任务是很艰巨的。当形容词表示主观感情或态度，描述主语的性质、身份、特征时，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。e.g.It is kind of you to help me.你帮助了我，你真是太好了。类似的形容人的的形容词有：nice 好 kind 和蔼cruel 残忍silly 傻good 好lazy 懒惰selfish 自私stupid 笨foolish 蠢 wise 明智clever 聪明 brave 勇敢honest 诚实right 正确 wrong 错误rude 粗鲁polite 礼貌的careless 粗心 careful 细心 impolite 不礼貌make the mouse smart 使老鼠变聪明make表示“使”的含义，常构成make sb.e.g.The boss often makes him do too much work.老板经常让他干太多的工作。We should try to make our country more beautiful.我们应当尽力去使我们的国家变得更美。getinto trouble意为“使陷入麻烦/困境”，它的反义词为getout of trouble意为“使摆脱麻烦/困境”。e.g.Dont get yourself into trouble.别把自己陷入难堪的境地。She told a lie rather than get her friend into trouble.为了不使朋友有麻烦，她说了谎话。Dont mention my name or youll get me into trouble.别提我的名字，免得给我惹麻烦。4, they made plenty of Tom and Jerry cartoons.译文，他们制作了大量的猫和老鼠卡通片。make是初中英语中出现频率很高的一个动词，它的用法主要有：（1）做，制作，制造e.g.She made a kite for her sister yesterday.昨天她为她妹妹做了一个风筝。（2）铺（床）e.g.Please make your bed before breakfast.请在早饭前把床整理好。（3）制定，规定e.g.They have made a study plan for this term.他们已经制定了本学期的学习计划。（4）产生，引起（某事物）e.g.Dont make any noise in class.上课时不要弄出噪音。（5）使（某人/某物）成为，变为，变得e.g.The good news made her happy.这个好消息使她高兴。（6）强迫、迫使（某人）做某事e.g.Nothing will make me change my mind.没有什么事能使我改变主意。（7）选举（某人），指派e.g.We made Jack our monitor at the meeting yesterday.在昨天的会议上我们选杰克为班长。plenty of意为“很多的，大量的，绰绰有余的”，可修饰可数名词及不可数名词，只用于陈述句，在疑问句中一般用enough，在否定句中用many或much。注意：plenty of前面没有冠词a，不可误记成a plenty of。e.g.There is plenty of time.时间充裕得很。There are plenty of eggs in the basket.篮子里鸡蛋多得很。5It is easy to understand the cartoons, since there is usually no speaking in them.译文理解这些卡通片是很容易的，因为在片中经常没有语言。这是It isadj.to do sth.结构，在此结构中，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，如果要强调不定式动作的执行者，就在不定式前加for sb.，即It isadj.for sb.to do sth.，形容词表示对整个不定式情况的一种客观陈述，说明不定式如何怎样，这种情况在前面第三个知识点已讲过。不定式作主语时，也可直接将不定式放在句首作主语。e.g. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.=To learn a foreign language isnt easy.学会一门外语不容易。Its difficult to fall asleep.难以入睡。Its dangerous to swim in the river.在河里游泳很危险。6Instead, the two animals are always running around or fighting each other.译文相反，两只小动物总是到处追逐打闹。instead意为“相反，代替，而不是”，instead of意为“取代，而不是”，有时两者可以变化互用。（1）instead表示“代替；而是”，是副词，单独置于句首或句尾。e.g.Hes tired, lets go instead.=Hes tired, lets go instead of him.他累了，让我们替他吧。She never studies. Instead, she plays tennis all day.她从不学习，而是整天打网球。（2）instead of“取代；而不是”，相当于介词短语in place of，后跟名词、动词不定式、形容词、介词、副词、动名词。e.g.Ill go to Italy instead of France.我要去意大利，而不是法国。He went there to earn money instead of to spend money.他到那里是为了挣钱而不是花钱的。7In almost every one, Tom gets in trouble with his owner, while Jerry laughs at him.译文几乎在每一部中，汤姆总是与主人发生矛盾，而杰瑞总嘲笑它。get in trouble with (someone)意为“犯事而落到（某人）手里”。e.g.He got into trouble with the police.(e.g.was arrested).他惹事落到了警方手里（如被捕了）。Dont copy my work or well both get into trouble with our teacher.不要抄我的作业，不然我们两个都犯事落到老师手里。laugh at意为“嘲笑，取笑，讥笑”。e.g.I cant go to school wearing thateveryone will laugh at me.我不能穿着它去上学大家会取笑我的。We all laughed at Jane when she said she believed in ghosts.简说她相信有鬼，大家都笑话他。8Would you like to become a cartoon artist?译文你想成为一名卡通艺术家吗？would like (to do) sth.是一个很常用的句型，它表示“想要做某事”。to的后面要跟动词原形。下面请看它在各种句子中的用法：肯定句：I would like to drink a cup of coffee.我想喝一杯咖啡。一般疑问句：Would you like a cup of coffee?我想要一杯咖啡吗？特殊疑问句：What would you like to drink?你想喝点儿什么？对一般疑问句的肯定回答一般是：Yes, please.，否定的回答一般是：No, thanks.。对特殊疑问句的回答，可以说：Id like (to drink) a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。Id是I would的缩略形式。e.g.Would you like to play football with us?你们愿意和我们一起踢足球吗？Yes, wed like (love) to.当然，我们愿意。would like后可接名词、代词和不定式作宾语，但习惯上不接动名词形式。e.g. Id like an apple.我想要个苹果。Would you like to stay here?你想要留下来吗？9If yes, a good way to start is by drawing cartoon faces.译文如果是的，那么开始的好途径就是通过画卡通脸形。by doing表方式，by的含义较多，用法如下：（1）by表示“通过，靠，凭借”。(by doing，by交通工具)常跟在动词之后用。e.g.She goes to school by bus.她乘公汽上学。（2）by表示“被，由”，常用于被动语态。e.g.The glass was broken by me.玻璃杯被我打碎了。（3）根据，按照。e.g.They are paid by the month.他们按月领工资。（4）在旁边，附近，靠近e.g.My house is by the river.我的家在河边。（5）凭靠，依靠e.g.She has gone to Beijing by herself.她独自去了北京。（6）沿着，经过，横过e.g.Did you come by the nearest road?你是由最近的路来的吗？（7）by还可作副词，“在附近，经过”。e.g.He hurried by without a word.他匆匆经过，未说一句话。10The mummy dinosaur was delighted with it.译文这位恐龙妈妈对此很满意。be delighted with (sth.)意为“对（某物）很满意”。e.g.I am delighted with the result.对于这个结果我很满意。She won the match. Her mother was very delighted with it.她赢得了比赛，她妈妈对此很满意。11、Together they thought of the idea of a cat trying to catch a mouse.他们一起打起了一只试图老鼠的猫的主意。think of 意思是“想出”例如：Who thought of the idea?谁想出这个主意的？trying to catch a mouse 是现在分词短语，作定语，修饰 a cat.例如：Who is the boy standing at the gate?站在门口的那个男孩是谁？12.They thought it would be funny to make the mouse smart and always get the cat into trouble .他们认为让老鼠变得机灵，而使猫总是陷入麻烦会很有趣。it 在句子中作形式主语，代替 to make the mouse smart and always get the cat into trouble .由于真正的主语很长，这样的效果是避免了头重脚轻。例如：They thought it would be difficult to finish the work in two days .他们认为要在两天内完成这项工作是困难的。get in trouble 与get (sb) into trouble 的区别比较：前者表示“受到责备，招惹麻烦”例如：Youll get in trouble if you pass your car here.你把车停在这里会招来麻烦。后者表示“使人陷入困境，给别人带来麻烦” Youll get me in trouble if you tell mum that Ive lost my watch.你要是告诉妈妈我把手表弄丢了，会使我陷入麻烦之中的。13.Most of the cartoons are around seven minutes long.大多数的卡通片大约有七分钟长。around 可作副词，用在数字的前面，意思是“大约，大概”，多修饰时间和日期。例如：The journey will take around 10 days .Step 2 基础知识跟踪练习一、 单词拼写1. I often t_ of my childhood.2. If you put your motorbike here ,youll get into t_.3. We should help e_ other.4. Would you l_to become a policeman?5. How can we make peoples faces look funny and i _?二、 单项选择1. He found _ difficult to work out the maths problem.A.it B.him C. her D.that2.Dont you think _ a good idea to go to the museum instead of the cinema? A.that B.it C.this D.you3.He found it hard_ his class. A.to catch up B.catch up with C.catch up D.to catch up with4.Its easy _ the question. A.to answer B.answer C.answering D.answered5.Then two cats are always running around or _ each other. A.fight B.fought C.fighting D. to fight【keys】一、 think 、trouble 、each 、like、 interesting二、 A、B、D、A、C拓展练习1. Her voice sounds _ and she dances_.A. nice; wonderfully B. well; wonderful C. nice; wonderful D. well; wonderfully2. This kind of TV set looks _ and sells _ in the shop .A. nice; good B. well; well C. nice; well D. good; nice 3. The fish smells _ and youd better throw it away.A. good B. bad C. well D. badly 4. In summer eggs go _ easily.A. bad B. badly C. terribly D. terrible 5. Li Ping is my _ friend and does _ in his study.A. good; good B. good; well C. well; good D. well; well6. We should keep _ in the reading -room.A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly 7. All the teachers are kind _ him and it is good _ his study.A. to; at B. to; for C. for; to D. for; for8. Thank you very much _ lending the pen _ me.A. for; at B. to; to C. for ; to D. to; for9. How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?-It makes me _very proud.A. felt B. to feel C. felling D.fell10. Does Pauls parents need to make Paul _?-No, Paul doesnt have to be made _,He always works hard.A. learn ; to learn B. to learn ; learn C. learn; learn D.to learn ; learn【key】1:5：ACBAB 610：ABCDAStep 3 语法知识讲解形容词的用法、形容词的一般用法）放在被修饰的名词前做定语：a cold and windy day；）放在连系动词后做表语：feel lonely;常见的连系动词有：a. be, keep, stay, appear, seemb. 感官动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feelc. 表示“变得”：grow, get, turn, become, fall, go ）形容词修饰不定代词something, anyone, nobody等时，应放在不定代词的后面：something interesting）注意以下形容词加ly之后的区别：wide（宽阔的）widely（广泛的）：five metres wide, widely used；deep（深度）deeply（深深的）：five metres deep, deeply moved；hard（努力的/地）hardly（几乎不）：work hard, hard work, hard understandnear（附近）nearly（几乎，大部分）：near the school, nearly everyone）只能做表语的形容词：afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, well, ill, frightened；）ly结尾的形容词：lonely, friendly, lively, lovely；）-ed（表示人或物的情绪、状态，表示被动）与-ing（表示人或物的特征、本质，表示主动）结尾的形容词的区别、It is+adj.+ (for /of sb.) to do sth形容词常表示事物的特征特点 Eg: It is necessary for them to get an electrician to do the work for them. = They are necessary to get an electrician to do the work for them.It is +adj.+ of sb. to do sth. 形容词表示人物的内在评价（人的本质）。Eg: It is very clever of you to work out the math problem in such a short time. = You are very clever to work out the math problem in such a short time.Step 4语法跟踪练习一、单项选择1.This kind of coat looks _ and sells _. A.nice;well B.nice;good C.well;well2.We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so _. A.Well B.nice C.nicely D.wonderfully3.The food not only looks _ but also smells _. A.nice;good B.well;good C.nice;well D.well;well4.I like the song. It_nice. A.hears B.listens C.looks D.sounds5.Would you like to have a try? Yes,very much.It _ to be exciting. A.seem B.seems C.is looking D.will look6.Dont worry. Your son will be _ soon. A.ill B. well C.nice D.tired7.We found it _ to do some reading every day. A.easily B.interested C.helpful D.hardly8.We should keep _ in the reading room. A.quiet B.quietly C.quite D.quickly9.John looks so _ today because be has got an ”A” in his maths test. A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily10.The smile on teachers face showed that she was _ with us.A.strict B.pleased C.angry D.sorry 二 完成句子。1. 读科学书很有趣。It _ _ _ _ science books.2. 每晚睡眠8小时很重要。It _ _ _ _ eight hours every night.3. 他的主意听起来很不错。His _ _ great.4. 物理很难学。（写出两种表达方式）Physics _ _ _ learn.It _ _ _ learn physics.5. 保护环境很重要。It _ _ _ _ our environment.6. 她病了，不想吃什么东西。She is _, she does feel _ _ anything.7. 熬夜对你的健康不利。Its _ for your health to _ _ too late.8. 他经常迟到，他的父母对他很生气。He is often _ for school and his parents are _ _ him.【keys】单项选择15：A B A D B 610：B C A A B 完成句子1. is interesting to read 2. is important to sleep 3. idea sounds 4. is difficult to /is difficult to 5.is important to protect 6.ill , like eating 7. bad , stay up 8. late , angry with 课外知识延伸一、名词、冠词1.-What can I do for you? -Id like two _.A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple答案: B. (选择其它三项的同学要注意仔细看题.不要马虎, 这里box 和apple都是可数名词)2.Help yourself to _. A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken答案: C (选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数)3._ it is today! A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词, 要用what来感叹.)4.Which is the way to the _? A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoes factory D. shoesfactory答案: A. (选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.)5.This class _ now. Miss Gao teaches them.A. are studyingB. is studyingC. be studyingD. studying答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当 “人”讲的时候要做复数处理.类似的还有: the police are running after the thief等)6.We will have a _ holiday after the exam. A. two monthB. two-monthC. two monthsD. two-months答案: B (选择C的同学要注意应用two months; 选择D的同学要注意名词之间有 “ “ 后的组合词当作形容词来用, 因此就不用所有格形式了.)7._ trees are cut down in the forests every year.A. ThousandB. ThousandsC. Thousand ofD. Thousands of答案: D. (选择C的同学注意词组记忆的准确性)8.Our sports meeting will be held _.A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, TuesdayC. on Tuesday, April 24D. in April Tuesday 24答案: C. (选B的同学是受到中文的影响,要特别注意中英文的差异)9_ people here are very friendly to us.A. The B. / C. A D. An答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意这里的people是特指这里的, 因此要用定冠词the)10.There is no enough _ in the corner to put the table.A. placeB. roomC. floorD. ground答案：B (根据句意知道，这里表示没有地方放桌子。选A的同学要注意place表示地点，是可数名词)二、代词11.Some people like to stay at home, but _ like to go to the cinema.A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. other one答案: C. (选择B的同学要牢记: some., others.)12.- Is this your shoe?- Yes, but where is _?A. the other oneB. other oneC. another oneD. the others答案: