人教版选修七Unit 2 Robots 知识点学案（3）.doc

unit 2 robots 知识点学案（3）36 influence(1) (v) 影响，对有作用 the weather influence the crops. dont be influenced by bad examples. (2) u 影响力，作用 influence on sth the influence of the moon on the tides the influence of parents on their children the influence of the climate on agricultural production have a good/bad/harmful/beneficial influence on sbs behavior(3) c 有影响的人,事his father is an influence in politics. those so-called friends of hers are a bad influence on her.(4) u influence over sb/sth 支配力，控制力 his parents no longer have any real influence over him. influence 指间接影响，涉及行为、思想、感情，多指影响无形的事物。 affect 仅指影响感情或具体的事物。不可以说 affect sb to do 而influence 则可以 influenced by a teacher, i took up the study of medicine.i was deeply affected by his heroic deeds. smoking can affect heart. 37 compare 比较，对照 compare a with b 把a和b做比较 compare a to b 把a比作b compared with/to 同比起来，与相比 their prices are low compared to /with those in other shops. a teachers work is often compared to a candle.the poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems. my english cant compare with his.its a rapid increase compared to most natural changes . poets like to compare death to sleep. the town has changed a lot _what it was before . we often _young people _the rising sun. _this _that ,and youll see which is better._with the size of the whole earth , the bigger ocean doesnt seem big at all. a compare b when comparing c. comparing d when compared _the advanced countries ,we still have a long way to go to catch up with them .a compare with b compare to c. compared to d to be compared to 38 kind 种类（同sort） what kind of tree is it? this kind of book is interesting.= book of this kind is interesting.= books of this kind are interesting. those kind of questions are difficult. these kinds of tree(s) are easy to grow. 注意该词的用法：(1)用单数（指kind） ,其后名词可用单数也可用复数。that kind of apple that kind of books(2)用复数，后面名词也用复数。three kinds of knives (3)用单数，前面的指示代词可用复数，这是口语形式中的一种用法。 these kind of books相关用法：a kind of 一种，可以说是 kind of 有些，有点儿， of a kind 同类的，劣质的 he is a kind of genius. he looks kind of pale. they are of a kind . she made us of a kind. 39 especially (adv) “特别地，尤其”表程度。 specially “专门地”表目的 he is sorry that you dont like what he has done _as he did it _for you. 40 test out 试验，测试，检查 they tested out the new sports car. 他们测试了那部新车。41 need (1) 可作为情态动词，但通常只用于疑问句和否定句。you neednt worry about me. i dont think you need worry. so i neednt be there, need i? must i leave now? no, you neednt. (2) 实义动词 need+ n i need money. need to do you need to go. need sb to do sth i need you to help me. need sb/sth done i need my watch repaired. need doing= need to be done (物做主语) my watch needs repairing/ to be repaired. everyone of us _a simple life. a need to do b needs living c needs to live d need live 42 tony wanted to please claire by helping her make herself and her home elegant. by doing sth 表示“ 方式，方法和手段” by 后面的词常表示动作的发出者，动作、行为的方式或手段，后接名词、动名词，且接名词时不带冠词 。with 后面的词表示工具，所接名词带冠词或复数。 he was wounded by rolling stones. 他被滚动的石头砸伤。 he was wounded with a stone. 他被人用石头砸伤。 we see with our eyes and hear with our ears. he made a living by selling vegetables. 43 with 在句中表示原因和理由。 he was absent with a cold. she was trembling with fear. with 还表示“伴随情况，带在身上，用，依靠” 等 come with me . dont play with him. take an umbrella with you. with his help, we have finished the work. _ the first appearance of the sun ,the birds began to sing. a. as b. for c. with d. after44 she screamed , pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day. rest (n) 其余，剩余部分，常与the 连用。 在使用the rest of 时应注意： (1) of 之后若为复数名词时，则视为复数，若为不可数名词则视为单数。 the rest of the food is for you. mary and beth will go to the movie and the rest of the girls are to go shopping. (2) 单独使用the rest 时，所指的如为复数，则视为复数，指不可数名词时则视为单数。 one of the books is written in chinese and the rest are written in english. 45 fold “拥抱，（手、臂） 交叉，折叠”,其反义词为unfold she helped her mother (to) fold napkins. he was standing with his arms folded. he folded the child in her arms. 46 more than (1) 相当于not only/just 不止于，不仅是 she is more than our teacher; she is our best friend.(2) 相当于over 超过，多于 there are more than 50 students in our class. (3) 与形容词或副词连用时相当于very ,意为“非常” more than happy/glad/ willing /ready im more than glad to help you. we are more than ready to take your advice. 我们非常愿意听取你的忠告。 i am more than happy to accept your invitation.我很高兴接受你的邀请(4) +从句 “远远地，非常，并非” the beauty of hangzhou is more than words can describe. this problem is more than a child like jack can settle. 这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。(5) more than one =many a“许多,不止一个”后接可数名单数，谓语动词用单数形式more than one student likes him.(6) morethan “与其说不如说”he is more mad than stupid. (7)表示比较 he knows much more .than i (8) no more than意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。例如：all his education added up to no more than one year. 他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。their new flat has no more than 60 square meters. 他们的新居只有60平方米。（9） not more than表示“至多，不超过”，例如：lying on the ground was a schoolboy of not more than seventeen.躺在地上的那个男学生最多十七岁。47 how would you feel if you had a robot like tony in your house? would 用法小结(1) 表示过去将来 he said he would go there to visit you.(2)第一人称，表示自己的意见，命令，允诺等i said i would support you. i would help you as much as i could.(允诺)(3)第二人称疑问句表示比will 更委婉的“请求”would you please open the window? would you mind telling me about it?(4)表示过去的习惯，常与often, frequently, sometimes，for hours等连用。 i would sit for hours, deeply thinking.(5)用于虚拟语气，主句中表示定会；条件句中表示“有意” if i had money , i would go abroad. if he had been there, he would have helped you. if you would only try, you could do it. (6) 与like (to do) , rather 连用表礼貌地请求，建议或意愿 （would like 用于一，二，三人称，should like 只用于第一人称） i would (should ) like to see your new car. i would rather live in the countryside. i tried to persuade him to give up smoking but he _listen. a couldnt b shouldnt c wouldnt d didnt 48 isaac asimov was an american scientist and writer an american scientist and writer 是指同一个人，当这样的短语做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。the singer and poet is to attend the evening party. a knife and fork is on the table.49 search (1) search sb/sp 搜身，搜查某地 the police are searching the man/house. (2) search sp for sth/sb he was searching the house for his lost pen .= he was searching for his lost pen in the house. the policeman searched the thief for what he had stolen. they searched the woods for the lost child. (3) search for 相当于look for /hunt for 找，寻找 he went to town to search/look / hunt for a better job. a mother bird is searching for food. they are searching for him. ( ) the enemy searched the soldier in the village. ( ) the enemy searched the village for the soldier. (4) in search of 寻找 scientists are in search of a cure for the disease. 50 as a result of because of owing to due to on account of thanks to这些短语都表示原因，但用法不尽相同。(1)because of “因为，由于” 在句中作状语，可置于句首，句中。 because of illness, the boy did not go to school. they had to stay at home because of a heavy rain . (2) owing to “由于，因为”在句中作状语. xiao wang could not come to the ball, owing to a bad cold. owing to my absence , they had to put off the class meeting till next week. owing to引导短语必须是修饰全句的，严格地讲，置于句末时要用逗号和主句隔开，而because of 可以只修饰主句的一部分，放于句末不用逗号与主句隔开。(3) due to “ 由于”，它引导的短语一般在句中做表语和定语。 但作状语，定语时一般可与owing to 通用。 he was injured due to (=owing to ) a car accident. his failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience. these are errors due to (=owing to ) carelessness. (4) on account of “ 因缘故，由于”它引导的短语在句中做状语，可置于句首或句末。 the train arrived late on account of a heavy snow. (5) as