2016-2017学年高考英语阅读理解解析汇编(31).doc

2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（31）阅读理解推理判断题。（2015年湖北襄阳四中、龙泉中学、荆州中学联考）Are you an optimist? Do you look at your glass and see it as half full? Do you believe that every cloud has a silver lining and that things generally turn out for the best? Do you believe that if something is meant to be, it will be? If you reply “yes” to all of these questions, then you are an optimist. You probably are enthusiastic, cheerful and outgoing. You may be successful at work and in love.But you may be misguided because things dont turn out for the best. You may believe that when on door closes another one opens(for example, you may fail to obtain a new job; another chance will come around soon). Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams(砰然关上)in your face. Thats bitter reality.Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists(悲观者)have suspected all along. its called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for the tings by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, “Whats interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situations outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better.”So far，so good. This is not rocket science. Defensive pessimists prepare carefully and consider what might go wrong, whether at work, on date or even in a sports game. It makes sense to have a back-up plan. There are many sayings in English urging caution. For example, “Dont put all your eggs in one basket.”And “Dont count your chickens until they hatch.” To have a confident and optimistic approach to lifes problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien, the American comedian says ,”Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. Dont feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.1. Whats the passage mainly about?A. A book that has recently been published.B. How to become successful in lifeC. The dangers of being too optimistic.D. The benefits of defensive pessimism.2. The underlined sentence “ This is not rocket science”(Para.4)means .A. its not a dangerous thing to do B. it is quite simple to understandC. the cost is not so highD. there is no real proof3. which of the following English expressions would a defensive pessimist believe?A. Dont put all your eggs in one basket.B. The glass is half full not half empty.C. Whatever will be, will be.D. Every cloud has a silver lining.4. The writer would probably describe himself as .A. An optimist B. a defeatistC. a realist D. a scientist语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要说明的是防御非观主义的积极力量。防御性悲观主义者自己准备设定低的结果，他们他细考虑处理这些问题的方法，这给了他们一个很好的控制感。1. D 主旨大意题。文章在第一时间提出了人应该乐观一点会更好，接着主要计论了要做一个有意识的悲观者，因为这样的悲观者才会对以后的事情做好充分的准备，会有详细的计划和安排。那样才能有更好的结果，故D项正确。2. B 推理判断题。 谚语This is not rocket science中的rocket science 指困难的事情，指那些很难以理角的事物。本句话的意思是指“这很好理解，不是那么难 理解的事物”。故选B项正确。3. A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第五、六句可知，该谚语是指那些表示谨慎的谚语，故选A项符合那些defensive pessimists 的特点。故A项正确。C 推理判断题。根据第二段的最后三句“当上帝关上一扇门的时候，他会为你打开另外一扇门”。但是实际上并不总是如此，说明他对待一切是很现实的。另由文章后几段的内容可知C 项正确。【阅读理解】 The multimillion pound new Library of Birmingham(LoB)will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization(数字化)of everyday life.Set to open in 2013, the 188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.As digital media(媒介)is important to its_idea,_the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning：“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital, providing 24hour services which can be used through many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual(虚拟的)LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.Two other small Birminghambased digital companies are also working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development. And The Peoples Archice is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots, in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.Gambles says: “Technology will enable us to make the librarys content and services open to citizens as never before.”投资数百万英镑的伯明翰新建图书馆将会是目前很有代表性的数字化图书馆，在这样的图书馆，人们将会体验新的阅览工具，并且能够真正做图书馆的主人，即：能够参与图书内容的增补与建议。1The underlined part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of _.Athe equipment Bthe projectCthe digital media Dthe physical library答案：B。词义猜测题。根据下一句话的信息词“the project is already providing.”可以断定此处的代词its 指的就是the project。2While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can _.Aget a general idea of the LoBBmeet many worldfamous expertsC learn how to put up a library buildingDunderstand how the specialists work on the project 答案：A。细节判断题。在倒数第三段中，信息句“Not only have the public been able to learn about the LoB.”可以给以提示：即：公众可以很好地了解LoB的具体情况，即同选项A所说的一样。3Which of the following is TRUE of the LoB when it opens?aIt offers better learning tools. bIt reaches users in different ways.cIt provides users with smart phones.dIt allows users to enrich its material.eIt gives nonstop physical and digital services.Aa，b，d Ba，c，e Cb，c，d Db，d，e 答案：A。细节判断题。 在文章的第三段中提到这样“right tools for learning”“used through many different ways ”以及倒数第二段的最后“add to and comment on the material”都表明了关于开放时的LoB的情况，即同选项A。4The text is most probably taken from _.Aa computer bookBa library guideCa project handbookDa newspaper report答案：D。文章出处判断题。既然是针对于公众的信息，应该是面对普通公众，即选择最大众化的媒体，即新闻报道。阅读理解词义猜测题、观点态度题。(2015 年山西忻州四校联考) Have you ever heard of a great Chilean poet? He was of all classes, he is one of the most widely read and respected poets in history. And this year is the 110th birthday of Pablo Neruda(1904-1973).Born with the name Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto, he was a tall, shy and lonely boy. He loved to read and started to write poetry when he was ten. The American poet Walt Whitman, whose framed picture Neruda later kept on his table, became a major influence on his work.However, his father did not like the idea of having a poet for a son and tried to discourage him from writing. To cover up the publication of his first poem, he took the pen name Pablo Neruda. In 1924 Neruda gained fame with his most widely read work “Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair”. Yet his rich experience as a diplomat and exile made him go beyond the theme of love. His work also reflected the political struggle of the left and development of South America. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971.Neruda loved the sea which he saw as creative, destructive and forever moving. He found inspiration in the power and freedom of the waves and the seabirds on the coast.” I need the sea because it teaches me,” he wrote. “I move in the university of the waves.” He loved how the sea forever renewed itself, a renewal echoed(共鸣) in his work.1. The underlined word “Picasso” can probably be replaced by “ “A. Poem fanB. Most important personC. Famous person from PicassoD. Freedom fighter in Picasso2. Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto took the pen name Pablo Neruda because .A. He was greatly influenced by other poetsB. Literary greats usually used the pen nameC. His father encouraged him to use the nameD. He wanted to prevent his father knowing the publication3. Which of the following is not the theme of his works?A. Social reform. B. loveC. political struggle. D. Development of South America.4. the last paragraph mainly tells us . A. Neruda loved to write his poems near the sea B. the sea gave Neruda vast writing inspiration C. the beautiful scenery along the Chile coast D. Nerudas poems were widely read overseas语篇解读 本文介绍了获得诺贝尔文学奖的智利诗人聂鲁达。他是一个受人们尊敬的诗人，曾经被誉为诗坛泰斗。1924年成名于他的作品“二十首情诗和绝望的歌”， 他的作品主题涉及爱情，还反映了美国南部的政治斗争。1. B 词义理解题。“Picasso”（毕加索）是现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表。由此推断他在文学界的地位是非常重要的。2. D 细节理解题。 根据第三段To cover up the publication of his first poem, he took the pen name Pablo Neruda. 可知，他使用笔名的目的是为了不让他的父亲知道。3. A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Yet his rich experience as a diplomat and exile made him go beyond the theme of love. His work also reflected the political struggle of the left and development of South America. 可知，他的诗歌主题不包括社会改革（social reform）在内，故选A。4. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段He found inspiration in the power and freedom of the waves and the seabirds on the coast.可知，大海给予他灵感。阅读理解。The Basics of MathMade ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数)and beyond.The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America”， is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is a master in making math lectures learnerfriendlier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various makeup classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.1What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?AAlgebra. BCollege Mathematics.CArithmetic. DMathematics Education.2What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?AStronger imaginative ability. BAdditional presentation skills.CMore mathematical confidence. DGreater chances of becoming teachers.3What can we learn about Professor HSiegel?AHe is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.BHe is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.CHe works in Georgia State University.DHe specializes in training teachers.4Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?AA news report. BA book review.CA lesson plan. DAn advertisement.【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一个数学课程，从课程内容、功能用途、预期目标、主讲人等方面做了详细说明，是一则招生广告。1. C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.”可知此题答案为C。2. C细节理解题。本题考查课程的功能作用。第四段整体在讲述该课程的功能作用。只有C项为本段中讲述的。其他项均未涉及。3. B推理判断题。本题适合用排除法对四个选项进行排除。文中只说明他是被Kentucky Educational Television评为美国最好的数学教师，并没说明他是在电视台做客座讲师；文中也谈到他在Georgia State University取得博士学位，而他是在Central Arizona College教数学。他的课是为future primary school teachers做准备，而不是直接培训教师。本文只谈到他一个教师，所以推断应该是唯一教师。结合第一段数学课程是由30个讲座构成，所以选B。4. D推理判断题。根据最后一段 “If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.”可知，此课程为收费课程，应是招生广告。所以选D。【2016高考训练】阅读理解词义猜测题、观点态度题。Summer school is something a kid will never forget. For some, its a way to advance past their classmates. For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates. I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course. It was not the school that forced me into this awkward situation; it was my mother.I was a 16-year-old kid in a new school. My school did not offer summer courses so I had to take my course at an alternative school in the city. It was an experience I will never at an alternative school in the city. It was an experience I will never forget. I was not concerned with making friends, I was there to get credit(学分) for a course that I should have received credit for the previous semester. It was my doing that landed me in the situation and it was important that I understood this.The fees were lowest but the experience was amazing. I enjoyed. I didnt miss the day. The course was from Monday to Friday for an entire month. I passed the course with an A. I was thrown into an awkward situation and actually enjoyed it. My friends didnt even know I took the course, most of them were still sleeping by the time my course ended each day.Awkward situations are so important for personal growth. This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about. While attending college, I remembered how much I enjoyed summer school and I chose to take summer school in my first three years of college. Some kids get pushed too much but some dont get pushed enough. I was never pushed enough.Enable your children to struggle for success. If your child needs summer school you explain to them why its important. Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their childrens education. Follow through and follow up.1. What made the author go to summer school for the first time?A. What he had done. B. His mothers wish.C. His own requirement. D. Study competition2. Which of the following was NOT the benefit got by the author through attending summer school? A. It helped him get rid of bad habits. B. It helped him make new friends. C. It helped him understand what sacrifice and hard work were. D. It increased his independence.3. From the last paragraph we can learn that the author . A. does not like summer school at all even though it is useful B. thinks summer school is unnecessary for children C. encourages parents to make their children attend summer school D, is against forcing children to attend summer school4. What does the author think of summer school?A. He thinks it is awkward.B. He thinks it is significant.C. He thinks it is significant.D. Is against forcing children to attend summer school语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙议文。作者通过讲述自己被迫参加暑假班的亲身经历告诉我们暑假班的重要作用，希望大家能积极参与学习。1. B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知我去参加暑假班是我妈妈的要求和希望。故答案选B。2. A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二至四句可知B、C、D三项都是暑假班的好处。A项文章没有提及。3. C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知作者认为父母应该鼓励孩子参加暑假班。故答案选C。4. B 观点态度题。根据文章倒数第二段前四句可知暑假班对孩子的发展有很多好处，所以他认为是非常重要的。故答案选B。阅读理解。Finally, a cell phoneThatsa phoneWith rates as low as $3.75 per week!“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down, and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a “globalpositioning”something or other thats supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store werent much help.They couldnt understand why someone wouldnt want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensiveand the contract(合同)lasted for two years! Id almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touchwith a phone I can actually use.”Affordable plans that I can understandand no contract to sign(签订)! Unlike other cell phones, Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why shou