六级翻译与写作义.doc

翻译和写作翻译一、虚拟语气1. 与过去事实相反：2. 与现在事实相反：3. 与将来事实相反：4. 其他虚拟语气考法：1） 表示“建议、假设、应该”这类词义，后面用“should+动词原型”形式：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan, demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide, require, request, think, expect, believe, insist, suspect2）一些形容词或名词引起的表语从句中，也会出现这样的情况：necessary, essential, natural, strange, incredible, a pity, a shame, no wonder, lest, for fear that, in case3） 常考虚拟语气句型It is high time that would rather that 后面接一般过去时例：1) If Aristotle worked in the university today,（他就会有很大的机会教授计算机）2) It was essential that _（我们在月底前签订合同）二、倒装句1. Only型倒装：例：_（只有集中精力于工作他才能）forget all his trouble2. sothat型倒装：例：So fast（光传播如此之快以至于我们无法想象它的速度）_3. 否定词提前引起的倒装：never，seldom，few，little, barely，hardly，scarcely，rarely, nowhere, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, in no case, not until1）改写下面两个句子：Bananas were not brought to Europe until Columbus discovered the new land.They presented a musical performance and they also gave a brief introduction to the history of western brass instrument.2）其他例句：Nowhere could the homeless girl go in the cold winter.Under no circumstances shall I change my attitude towards work.Never before has the mass of the people been so inspired, so militant and so daring as at present. No sooner had I gone to sleep than someone telephoned.Scarcely had we reached home when it began to rain.4. 在省略if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中这类句子中有were, had, should等词时，把were, had或should置于句首。If there were no air or water, there would be no life in the world. If you had been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.三、非谓语动词1. 分词一般式：完成形式：完成被动形式：改写：Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty.例：_, (中风多年在床)，he lost all hope of recovery.2. 动名词I would appreciate _. （如果你下午给我打电话，我将不胜感激）admit, appreciate, avoid, celebrate, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, discontinue, dislike, dispute, enjoy, it entails, escape, excuse, explain, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, cant help, hinder, imagine, it involves, keep, it means, mention, mind, miss, it necessitates, pardon, postpone, practice, prevent, recall, report, resent, resist, risk, suggest, understandits no good, its no/little/hardly any use, its not/hardly/scarcely use, its worthwhile, spend money/time, theres no, theres no point in, theres nothing worse than, whats the use/point3. 不定式want, wish, hope, manage, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, decide, advice, agree, expect, allow sb. to do, cause sb. to do, permit sb. to do, enable sb. to do, be more likely to do, warn sb. to do, be able to do, be ambitious to do, begin to do, start to do有些短语to后接ing形式：accustom( oneself ) to ; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/ opposed to; be similarity/ similar to四、强调句结构：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语：强调宾语： 强调时间：强调地点：例：_（正是由于她太没有经验）that she does not know how to deal with the situation.五、长定语的翻译例：1) _（习惯了与大自然作斗争求生存的人们）were bewildered by politicians, banker and businessmen.2) We are the only power willing to _（在结束战争的漫长斗争中采取主动）六、时态和语态例：1) This popular sports car _(正在生产出来)out at the rate of a thousand a week.2) To our delight, she _(进大学一个月就适应了校园生活)3) The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday _（最终因天气不好而取消了）七、固定搭配：（见附录）八、强化练习：1) I should say Henry is _（与其说是个作家不如说是）as a reporter.2) Students have _（自由进入图书馆）3) The new government was accused _（未实现其降低失业率的承诺）4) Frankly speaking, Id rather you _（不采取任何措施）about it for the time being.5) It is generally not advisable _（一个女人在怀孕的第28 周时乘飞机旅行）6) I strongly believe that _（正是为了为人民的利益，中国应该很强大）7) It is high time that _（种族歧视在我们的社会中消失）8) Whether your English is good or not _（不取决于你知道多少语法规则）9) We need to _（把科技应用在我们社会的每个方面）10) _（在太阳系所有的行星中），the Earth is the only one where life can survive.11) The inner emptiness in almost all Hollywood pictures _（表面的感人现象所弥补）12) The two countries are determined to _（阻止它以大规模杀伤性武器威胁世界）13) In chemical industries, chance discoveries _（所起的作用要比在机械工业中起的重大得多）14) The mastery of English interactive skills _（是在激烈竞争中取得成功的关键之一）15) _（受到有关绝好机会和人们白手起家的报道地吸引），immigrants from many countries flocked to the United States.16) _（我订这份杂志的主要原因）is to keep abreast of advances in science.17) Experts wondered _（生活在这里的各族人的祖先是从哪里迁来的）18) Man has cut down a large number of trees, _（结果却发现他们失去了最好的朋友）19) So many people complained about the heavy traffic _（以至于市政府最终采取了措施）20) In the developed countries _（技术使获得充足的粮食供给成为可能）21) The mountaineers _ （在浓雾中难以确定自己的方位）22) The intelligence test is an attempt _（估量任何一个儿童的思维和推理能力）23) _（人们几乎一眼就能看出差异）for a spider always has eight legs.24) Because of flaws and errors in judicial decision-making, _（有时罪犯不会为他们的罪行而被判有罪）25) This drug should _(只遵医嘱服用)26) The problem is that _(新目标不总是与现有政策相一致)27) Civilities men do not _ (并未意识到被剥夺了生活所必需的东西)28) Facing the fierce competition, _ (一些学校诉诸招聘海外教师)29) _(你越注意别对你的印象),the more you will feel nervous.30) We must turn to some recent human inventions _（为了完全理解这意味着什么）九、真题点评：2006 年12 月1) If you had _（听从了我的劝告，你就不会陷入麻烦）2) With rears on her face, the lady _（看着他受伤的儿子被送进手术室）3) After the terrorist attack, the tourists _（被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游）4) I prefer to communicate with my customer_（通过电子邮件而不是打电话）5) _（直到截止日他才寄出）his application form.2007 年6 月1) The auto manufacturers found themselves _（正在同外国公司竞争市场的份额）2) Only in the small town _（他才感到安全和放松）3) It is absolutely unfair that these children _（被剥夺了受教育的权利）4) Our years of hard work are all in vain, _（更别提我们所花费的大量金钱了）5) The problems of black and women _（最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注）2007年12月1) But for mobile phones, our communication _ (我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).2) In handling an embarrassing situation, _ (没有什么比幽默更有帮助的了).3) The Foreign Minister said he was resigning, but_ (他拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因).4) Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).5) The witness was told that under no circumstances _(他都不应该对法庭说谎).附：常考词组及固定搭配keep up withcatch up withcome up withend up withput up withmake up withlive up withturn upturn downturn overturn inhave access to sth.be/get used to doing sth.look forward to doing sth.get down to (dong) sth.lead tocontribute toattribute tobe superior tobe inferior tobe senior tobe junior toprior torange from tobe busy in (doing) sth.cant help doingfeel like doinghave a good time (in)have difficulty(trouble) in doingIt is no use doing sth.there is no point in doingin the wayby the wayin no waycatch sb. doing sth.call off=cancelmay just as wellimpose sth. on sb.but for sth.risk doingescape doing sth.accuse sb.of.sth.charge sb. with sth.be innocent of sth.be alert to sth.be worth doing sth.be worthy of doing sth.be second to nonenot to speak ofnot to mentionadapt oneself to sth.see to it thatconfess to devote toobject tobe opposed toresort tostick toturn outa sheet of paperthrow/cast light onfind it adj. to doaccess tointerfere in/withbe accustomed toadhere toabide bycooperate withconform to dispose ofapologize to sb. for sth.be thankful/grateful toprohibit sb. from sth.specialize in sth.queue upacquaint sb. with sth.familiarize sb. with. sth.correspond to sth.correspond with sb.congratulate sb. on sth.be independent of sth.participate in sth.be bound tocure sb. of sth.be of importancebeyond reachbe lacking inbe beneficial to sb.be attached to sth.be assigned tofind fault with sb.in memory ofbe abundant in sth.take sth. into accountrelate sth. to sb.remark on sth.as much as thatcould have donemust have doneshould have donenot so much ashave no objection to doing sth.advise sb. (not) to dounder the supervision ofit is adj. thatconvict sb. of deprive sb. of sth.only to do写作l 六级写作概述l 文章分类精讲对比观点选择型考试时间主题或题目题材体裁2007.6Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?社会热点议论文2000.6Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?学习生活议论文1999.6Reading Selectively or Extensively?学习生活议论文1998.6Do “Luck Number” Really Bring Good Luck?社会热点议论文例：(98-6) Do “Luck Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? Do “Luck Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?When it comes to lucky numbers different people will offer different opinions. Some people take it for granted that lucky numbers have nothing to do with their luck. In their opinions, lucky numbers themselves are given certain meaning for the purpose of application of mathematics. Besides, all the numbers are equal, and they never decide your fate and affect your luck.However, others hold that lucky numbers really bring good luck to them. They maintain that some superstars and famous persons have their own lucky numbers to bless themselves. And lucky numbers make them feel peaceful or energetic and hence they can tackle problems better.Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the former one. For one thing, if lucky numbers really worked, we would not fail anything. For another, lucky numbers can never change the objective reality and make miracles. For instance, patients are cured by experienced doctors but not by lucky numbers. Therefore, as stated above, we should work hard instead of depending on lucky numbers to bring us a happy life. (176)例：(00-6) Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?Different people have different views on the test of spoken English. Some prefer to have such a test. Others tend to decline any kind of tests of spoken English. As to me, I agree with the first opinion.Of course, a test of spoken English is very difficult to handle and the test time is not long enough to fully display participants ability to speak in English. For example, if a candidate draws a topic which he or she is not familiar with, it is hard to show his or her command of spoken English. But in my opinion, without such a test, some people would not have motivation to practice spoken English. The following reasons can account for my argument.Firstly, such a test enhances college students awareness of the importance of spoken English. A good example to illustrate is that several years ago, college students only stressed reading and writing skills, ignoring building up listening and speaking ability. In addition, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easier. From the foregoing, I may reasonably conclude that a test of spoken English is of necessity. (188)现象解释型考试时间主题或题目题材体裁2007.12The Digital Age社会热点说明文2006.12The Celebration of Western Festival社会热点说明文2006.6Traveling Abroad社会热点说明文2003.9Reading Preference读书学习说明文2003.6Changing in the Ownership of House社会生活说明文2002.6Student Use of Computers学习生活说明文例：(02-6) Student Use of ComputersStudent Use of ComputersFrom the chart, we clearly learn that the student use of computers has grown rapidly, which has aroused great concern. What impresses us most is from 1990 to1995, the number of average hours that students spent on computers every week was only doubled, while in 2000, the number grew to 20 hours, which is five times as large as that of 1995. There are many reasons accounting for this tremendous growth. To begin with, the low price of computers allows many college students to have one. That is to say, the price of PC is becoming so cheap that many students can have their own computers. Moreover, many net bars can provide students with convenient access to computers. In addition, Internet provides people with an amazing world to explore. As a result, computers have a irresistible attraction to them. As for me, there are still problems in student use of computers. For one thing, students do not have enough skills to command computers, which limit them to the full use of computers. For another, students who lack self-discipline may forget their main task of study. To conclude, we still need take effective methods to help students take better advantage of computers. (200)例： Student Selecting Their Lecture1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3.学生自旋任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题 Student Selecting Their LectureStudents selecting their lecturers has been brought into focus. Nowadays, many universities entitle their students to choose freely teachers for courses, which is welcomed by most students. In addition, teachers have also paid much attention to it since it involves their career fate.The factors which will influence the students choosing a teacher are varied. Among all these factors, a teachers professional knowledge and ability play a very important role. That is a precondition for a good teacher since students choose his course to learn knowledge. Moreover, quite a few students think teaching methods and skills are essential. Besides, a teachers humor sense is also an important factor many students will consider.As far as I am concerned, free choosing of teachers has its disadvantages as well as its advantages. For one thing, it can provide a good chance for a teacher to prove his ability, and give students more initiative in learning. For another, however, since it is a free choice, few excellent teachers will become the focus of most students choosing, which will lead to an unreasonable class size and influence teaching effect seriously. In a word, both students and teachers should take this matter into serious consideration.（200）问题解决型考试时间主题或题目题材体裁2006.12 (新