Unit 5 Winning at All Costs.doc

Unit 5 Winning at All CostsTeaching Aims：Master the key words and structures, and learn something about the drug abuse among athletes. The students should also know the harm of drug abuse.Teaching Important and Difficult Points ：VocabularyConfidence, pressure, side effect, dose, pill relieve, illegal, rely, have an effect on, risk, stressStructureswhen it comes to that ; as as; more than;twice/three times more thanTeaching Methods: 1. Communicative teaching method 2. Task-based teaching methodTeaching periods: 8Teaching Procedures:I. Lead InThe Olympic GamesThe origin of the Olympic Games is linked to many Greek myths. The institution of the Olympic Games began in 776 B.C. and lasted for 12 continuous centuries before it was abolished in 393 A.D. The first contemporary Olympic Games took place in 1896 in Athens.The modern Olympic Games are the worlds largest pageant of athletic skill and competitive spirit. But at the same time, they have also been displays of nationalism, commerce and politics, which inevitably result in drug misuse for better performance in competitions.Drug Misuse and Anti-Doping TestsTo promote their strength and endurance, athletes have long resorted to the use of prohibited substances such as stimulants. The last half of the 19th century saw the beginnings of modern medicine and a significant growth in the use of drugs to improve athletic performance. In 1967 the International Olympic Committee began to take actions against doping. The Olympics over the past three decades have witnessed a lasting war between development of performance-enhancing drugs and study of prohibited substances as well as effective anti-doping tests. Health Risks of DopingApart from undermining the fairness of competition, the use of drugs can actually rebound on the athlete and cause irreversible damage to the health of athletes. So the fight against the practice of doping in sports not only preserves the well being of Olympic sport and the integrity of competition, but also ensures the health of athletes.Prohibited drugs temporarily boost athletic performance, but in the long run, they can lead to liver damage, strokes, heart attacks and so on. Besides, the athletes who took illegal drugs reported birth defects in the children, and other ongoing troubles such as excessive body hair and deep voices. II. Text StudyRead Inathlete: n. 1) person who competes in sports 运动员2) person who has the strength and skill to perform well at sports 身强力壮的人e.g. She is a born athlete.Extended words: athletic, athleticskeen: a. (a fight or competition) very hard to win 激烈的e.g. There is expected to be keen competition in the election of the chairman of the student union.Related words: fierce, intense, toughchallenge: n. sth. new and difficult which requires great effort and determination 挑战e.g. The newcomers first challenge is the complicated relations in the officeCollocation: rise to the challenge 接受挑战，迎战e.g. He rose to the challenge of organizing the conference all by himself.at all cost: (something must be done) even if it requires a lot of effort or money 不惜任何代价e.g. The mother asked the doctor to save the boy at all costs.Collocation: at the cost of sth. 以为代价e.g. He worked too hard, even at the cost of his own health.Paragraph One: Question: Why do athletes competing in sports use drugs?Answer: Because drugs help them by building muscles, giving extra strength, killing the pain of injuries or calming nerves.Vocabularies:compete: v. try to win by defeating others who are trying to do the same 竞争；比赛e.g. Animals compete with each other for food and space.Collocation: compete with/against sb. 和某人竞争compete in sth. 参加某种竞争compete for sth. 为而竞争side effect: secondary, usually unpleasant or unplanned effect 副作用e.g. The pill has some side effects including weight gain and headachesillegal: a. against the law 违法的；非法的e.g. It is illegal to sell cigarettes to adolescentsSentence:when used over a long period of time Paraphrase: when they are used for a long timeParagraph Two: Question: Why was Ben Johnson cited as an example?Answer: Because he is the most famous of those athletes who took illegal drugs despite the risks of disqualification and bodily damage.risk: n. the possibility of meeting danger or suffering harm, loss, etc. 危险；风险e.g. The reporters are taking a big risk going to the region at ware.g. He put his own life at risk by going to the sea in such weather.v. 1) expose to danger 使面临危险e.g. The doctors risked their own lives to help the SARS victims.2) accept the possibility of sth. unpleasant 冒险干e.g. Athletes taking illegal drugs risk being disqualified.Collocation: be at risk, put at risk, at the risk of (doing) sth.disqualification: n. the act of preventing sb. from doing sth., usually because he has broken a rule or is not able enough 取消资格e.g. He faces disqualification for driving while drunk.have an effect on sb.: produce an impression, cause an action, etc. 产生后果，影响e.g. The book had a significant effect on the whole generationprove: v. show that sth. is true or certain by means of argument or evidence 证明，证实e.g. He failed to prove that he was innocent.strip (sb. of sth.): v. take away (property, honours, etc.) from sb. 剥夺e.g. The officer was stripped of his rank and all his privileges after he had been proved corrupt.Sentence:However, when it proved that he had relied on drugs to gain the title, Ben Johnson was stripped of the medal and sent home immediately. Paraphrase: But when it was clear that Ben Johnson had used drugs to win the championship, his medal was taken back and he was immediately banned from competition.Paragraph Three: Question: What do we know about the athletes in ancient Egypt and Greece?Answer: They also took substances to improve sports performance.Vocabularies:substance: n. particular type of matter 物质e.g. Water and ice are the same substance in different forms.ancient: n. belonging to times long past 古代的，古老的e.g. China is one of the cradles of ancient civilizationdiet: n.1) sort of food that is usually eaten (by a person, community, etc.) 日常食物，日常饮食e.g. Chinese diet of rice, vegetables and fish is good for your health.2) limited variety or amount of food that is eaten for a special purpose （适合某种疾病或有助于减肥等的）特种饮食e.g. Doctors suggest a low-salt diet for the old.Paragraph Four: Question: Why do todays athletes have a wider choice of pills and drugs?Answer: Because the development of medical science makes it possible to have a wider choice of pills and drugs.With the development of medical science, modern athletes have an even wider choice when it comes to pills and drugs.Paraphrase: Since medical science has developed rapidly, present-day athletes can use a variety of pills and drugs.when it comes to (doing) sth.: when it is a matter of (doing) sth. 当说到的时候e.g. He is an expert when it comes to gardening.Paragraph five:Question: In what ways do stimulants help athletes? And which athletes may take them?Answer: Stimulants make the user feel full of energy and confidence. Cyclists, basketball and football players may use them.Vocabularies:stimulant: n.1) drug that increase physical or mental activity and alertness 兴奋剂e.g. Coffee and tea are mild stimulants.2) event, activity that encourages greater or further activity 起刺激作用的事情e.g. Discount is no longer a stimulant to consumption.Extended words: stimulate, stimulating, stimulationconfidence: n.1) firm trust 信赖，信心e.g. Dont put too much confidence in his words.2) feeling of certainty; trust in ones own ability 把握，自信e.g. You should have more confidence in petitive: a.1) of or involving competition 竞争的e.g. Modern society is competitive.2) able to do as well as or better than others 有竞争力的e.g. Prices offered by us are very competitive in the market.3) having a strong urge to win 好胜的e.g. You have to be highly competitive to survive in modern society.Sentence: it is a known fact that many cyclists use stimulants to make them more competitive.Paraphrase: we all know that many cyclists take stimulants so that they can become more competitive.Paragraph six:Question: In what ways do “calmers” help athletes? And which athletes may take them?Answer: “Calmers” relieve stress, and give the users steady hands and cool nerves. Snooker players, archers and those who shoot may take them.relieve: v. lessen or remove (pain, distress, anxiety, etc.) 减轻e.g. This drug can relieve your pain.e.g. New subways have been built to relieve traffic jams.stress: n. (pressure or worry resulting from) mental or physical distress, difficult circumstances, etc. 压力，忧虑e.g. He moved to the country to escape from the stresses of modern city life.Sentence:Some athletes also take drugs normally used to relieve stress in patients who suffer from high blood pressure Paraphrase: Some athletes also take drugs which are normally used by patients who suffer from high blood pressure to lessen discomfort.Paragraph seven:Question: Why are the illegal drugs considered dangerous?Answer: Because they can cause serious health problems, such as heart attacks, when taken in large doses.dose: n. amount of medicine to be taken at one time 一次剂量e.g. Please make sure that you take the correct dose.washed out: very tired and lacking in energy 疲惫的e.g. She looked washed out after her illness.Sentences:All these drugs can cause serious health problem if taken in large dose.Paraphrase: All these drugs can cause serious health problem if too much of them are taken.This is because people who take stimulants think they can keep going and they push their bodies too far.Paraphrase: The danger of having a heart attack exists since stimulants drive athletes to overreach themselves.IIIExercise：Language focuses; fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the vocabulary snapshot; rearrange the words into sentences; translate the Chinese into English;IV. Listening:1. Listen to the recording and fill in the blanks with what you hear. Dialogue 1M1: By the way, John, _can you do me a favor_ ?M2: Sure. What is it?M1: There is a football match tomorrow afternoon at the stadium, but I dont think I have time to buy the ticket. Would you mind?M2: No, not at all. M1: How can I ever thank you?M2:Dont mention it.Dialogue 2M: Whats wrong with you, Karen? You didnt come to class yesterday?W: I have a sore throat and it hurts very much.M: Oh, I am sorry to hear that. How do you feel now?W: I am not feeling well.M: You should drink more water. Here is a bottle of drink water.W: Thats very kind of you.M: Thats quite all right. Have you taken anything for it?W: I got some vitamin C from the drugstore, but it hasnt done much good.M: Why dont you see a doctor?W: Yes, I think I will.M: Dont worry. I hope youll feel better soon. Let me know if there is anything I can do.W: Thanks, Mathew. Thats very nice of you.VPractical writing：Notes of Format1) 传真没有固定的格式，主要分为两部分：抬头和具体内容。抬头的样式可以根据个人喜好、公司风格进行设计。但是一般的抬头都包括以下内容：在最上方是发出传真的公司的名称、地址、电话和传真的号码，对一个公司来说这些信息是固定不变的；接下来一般是个固定的表格，其中有To（致）、From（自）、Date（日期）、Subject（事由）、Total pages（总页数）等项目，在发传真时填写。（发件公司名称）（发件公司地址）Tel （发件公司电话） Fax（发件公司传真号）_To: （收件公司及具体收件人）From: （具体发件人名字及职务）Date: （发件日期）Subject: （发件事由）No. of Page(s): （传真总页数）Subject（事由）这一项也可以省略，因为在正文中会交代。在 To（致）这一栏中的具体收件人可以填他的名字和/或职务。有时这个表格中还有 ATTN（送交）这一项，这时，在 To（致）这一栏中只需填收件公司的名称，而在 ATTN（送交）这一栏中填具体收件人的名字和/或职务。To: （收件公司及具体收件人）From: （具体发件人名字及职务）ATTN: （送交） Date: （发件日期）Subject: （发件事由）No. of Page(s): （传真总页数）2) 收到传真后，根据传真纸的抬头就能知道传真是由哪里发出的，回传真的号码是什么，传真又该回给谁。3) 传真的具体内容也不拘形式，可以是图片，也可以是文字