新视野大学英语2 Unit7.doc

Unit 7Section APre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningPlease listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions.Second ListeningListen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions with your own experiences.1) What causes stress?2) What are the NICE factors? Why are they important?3) How do we follow Ben Franklins example?Lighten Your Load and Save Your LifeIf you often feel angry and overwhelmed, like the stress in your life is spinning out of control, then you may be hurting your heart.If you dont want to break your own heart, you need to learn to take charge of your life where you can and recognize there are many things beyond your control.So says Dr. Robert S. Eliot, author of a new book titled From Stress to Strength: How to Lighten Your Load and Save Your Life. Hes a clinical professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska.Eliot says there are people in this world whom he calls hot reactors. For these people, being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increases in their blood pressure.Eliot says researchers have found that stressed people have higher cholesterol levels, among other things. Weve done years of work in showing that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers. When that happens it happens very quickly, within five minutes. It creates many short circuits, and that causes crazy heart rhythms. The heart beats like a bag of worms instead of a pump. And when that happens, we cant live.Eliot, 64, suffered a heart attack at age 44. He attributes some of the cause to stress. For years he was a hot reactor. On the exterior, he was cool, calm and collected but on the interior, stress was killing him. Hes now doing very well.The main predictors of destructive levels of stress are the FUD factors fear, uncertainty and doubt together with perceived lack of control, he says.For many people, the root of their stress is anger, and the trick is to find out where the anger is coming from. Does the anger come from a feeling that everything must be perfect? Eliot asks.Thats very common in professional women. They feel they have to be all things to all people and do it all perfectly. They think, I should, I must, I have to. Good enough is never good enough. Perfectionists cannot delegate. They get angry that they have to carry it all, and they blow their tops. Then they feel guilty and they start the whole cycle over again.Others are angry because they have no compass in life. And they give the same emphasis to a traffic jam that they give a family argument, he says. If you own anger for more than five minutes if you stir in your own juice with no safety outlet you have to find out where its coming from.What happens is that the hotter people get, physiologically, with mental stress, the more likely they are to blow apart with some heart problem.One step to calming down is recognizing you have this tendency. Learn to be less hostile by changing some of your attitudes and negative thinking.Eliot recommends taking charge of your life. If there is one word that should be substituted for stress, its control. Instead of the FUD factors, what you want is the NICE factors new, interesting, challenging experiences.You have to decide what parts of your life you can control, he says. Stop where you are on your trail and say, Im going to get my compass out and find out what I need to do.He suggests that people write down the six things in their lives that they feel are the most important things theyd like to achieve. Ben Franklin did it at age 32. He wrote down things like being a better father, being a better husband, being financially independent, being stimulated intellectually and remaining even-tempered he wasnt good at that.Eliot says you can first make a list of 12 things, then cut it down to 6 and set your priorities. Dont give yourself impossible things, but things that will affect your identity, control and self-worth.Put them on a note card and take it with you and look at it when you need to. Since we cant create a 26-hour day we have to decide what things were going to do.Keep in mind that over time these priorities are going to change. The kids grow up, the dog dies and you change your priorities.From Eliots viewpoint, the other key to controlling stress is to realize that there are other troublesome parts of your life over which you can have little or no control like the economy and politicians.You have to realize that sometimes with things like traffic jams, deadlines and unpleasant bosses, You cant fight. You cant flee. You have to learn how to flow.Words: 777NEW WORDSoverwhelmvt. 1. cover (sth./sb.) completely or cause to feel sudden strong feeling 使不知所措，（感情上）使（某人）受不了2. defeat 胜过，击败spinv. 1. (cause to) move round and round quickly （使）迅速地旋转2. make (thread) by twisting (cotton, etc.) 纺线，纺纱，纺织n. C, U the action of turning or spinning movement 旋转titlevt. give a name to (a book, an article, etc.) 给（书、文章等）取名n. 1. C a name of a book, picture, etc. 名称，题目2. C a word which is used before sb.s name 称呼，头衔reactvi. 1. behave differently or change as a result of sth. 作出反应，回应2. (against) respond to sb./sth. with hostility 反对，反抗reactorn. C 原子反应堆，核反应堆tensea. 1. unable to relax 紧张的2. stretched tight 拉紧的，绷紧的v. (cause sb./sth. to) become tense （使）紧张，（使）绷直cholesteroln. U 胆固醇excessa. extra or additional 额外的，附加的n. an amount which is more than acceptable, expected or reasonable 无节制，过量fiber (英fibre)n. C, U 纤维，纤维物质circuitn. 1. C a closed connection of wires through which electricity can flow 电路2. C sth. shaped like a circle 环道，环形道wormn. C 虫，蠕虫pumpn. C a machine or device for forcing water, gas or air into, out of or through sth. 泵vt. cause air, gas, water, etc. to move in a specified direction by using a pump （用泵）抽吸（或运送）attributevt. (used in the phrase: sth. to sb./sth.) regard sth. as belonging to; caused by or produced by sb./sth. 把归因于；把归咎于n. C a quality regarded as a natural part of sb./sth. 特性，属性exteriorn. C external appearance, outside 外部，外面，外表a. on or coming from the outside 外部的，外面的，外表的interiorn. C inner part; inside 内部a. in or coming from the inside 内部的destructivea. causing serious damage 破坏的perfectionn. U state of being perfect 完美，十全十美，尽善尽美perfectionistn. C a person who is not satisfied with anything less than perfection 力求完美者，完美主义者，凡事求全者delegatevt. 1. give (duties or rights, etc.) to sb. in a lower position or grade 授权，委托权限2. choose or send sb. as a representative 选派为代表n. C a person chosen or elected by a group to speak, vote, etc. for them, esp. at a meeting 代表cyclen. 1. C a series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order 循环，周期2. C a bicycle, motorcycle, etc. 自行车（脚踏车），摩托车vi. ride a bicycle 骑自行车emphasisn. U, C (placing of) special meaning, value or importance (on sth.) 强调jamn. 1. C crowding together of people, things, etc. so that movement is difficult or impossible 堵塞2. U 果酱vt. thrust sth. into a space 把塞入，挤入vi. be unable to move 卡住argumentn. 1. C a quarrel 争论，争吵2. C a reason or reasons put forward 论据，论点，理由stirv. 1. move (sth.) in a round motion through a liquid or mixture 搅和，搅拌，拌匀2. excite (a person or his feelings, etc.) 使激动，惹起，激起n. 1. C the action of stirring 搅和，搅拌2. U excitement; fuss 激动；骚乱，动乱outletn. 1. C means of setting free (energy, strong feelings, etc.) 发泄（精力、感情）的方法2. C way out 出口physiologicala. 生理的，生理学的physiologicallyad. 生理上，在生理学上recommendvt. 1. suggest; advise 建议，劝告2. praise sb. as suitable for a purpose or for a post 推荐，举荐financiala. concerning money 财政的，金融的financiallyad. 在金融上，在财政上independenta. 1. not dependent (on other people or things); not controlled (by other people or things) 独立的，自主的，自立的2. not unfairly influenced by the people 无偏见的，中立的stimulatevt. make sb./sth. more active 刺激，激励，激发tempern. 1. C state of the mind as regards anger or calmness 心情，情绪2. the usual state of your feelings which makes you become angry easily or stay calm 性情，脾气vt. soften the effects of sth. 使缓和，调和even-temperedhaving a calm good temper; not easily made angry 性情平和的；不易激动的priorityn. 1. C the thing that is (regarded as) more important than others 优先处理的事2. U the state or right of coming before others in position or time 居先，优先（权）viewpointn. C a point of view 观点，看法troublesomea. giving trouble; causing pain 令人烦恼的，麻烦的，使人痛苦的politiciann. 1. C a person who is skilled at handling people or situations, or at getting people to do what he wants 政客2. C a person actively concerned with political affairs 政治家deadlinen. C a point in time by which sth. must be done 最后期限fleev. run or hurry away; escape 逃跑，逃避，逃逸PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSbe out of controlbecome no longer manageable 失去控制，不听约束blood pressure血压blow ones toplose ones temper 大发雷霆stir in ones own juicesuffer from unpleasant feelings 受煎熬blow apartbreak by an explosion 爆炸on ones trailon ones way 在路上cut downreduce the amount or quantity of sth. 减少的数量keep sth. in mindremember sth. 记住PROPER NAMESRobert S. Eliot罗伯特S埃利奥特Nebraska内布拉斯加州（美国州名）Ben Franklin本弗兰克林Section BAre You a Workaholic?Theres a big distinction between working hard and being a workaholic.Working hard involves being organized, focused, getting a lot of work done, knowing when to stop, and having a life other than work. Workaholics, on the other hand, are often disorganized, always find reasons for working more, feel lost without work to do, hide from problems through work, dont know how or when to relax, bring work home from the office, cant communicate well with fellow workers and family members, and have unbalanced, one-dimensional lives.Workaholics, like those who are constantly drunk, suffer from a controlling habit, usually defined as compelling behavior despite negative consequences. They are sometimes pushed into their habit by their work beliefs, by workaholic role models, and by a work system that automatically sanctions workaholism. Despite lip service to the contrary (a balanced employee is a productive employee), most employers want loyal employees who work longer hours, rewarding them with higher pay and better benefits. In many companies, workers unwilling to burn the midnight oil are at risk. Certainly, they hazard their jobs by working normal hours. Americans tend to become trapped in a working and spending consumption mode, driven by merchants, that leads them to rack up their expectations.According to some psychology counselors, workaholism can be both good and bad for us. It can fuel a sense of self-worth and accomplishment. And we get paid for it and praised for it, which produces good feelings we may not necessarily be able to attain in other parts of our lives.Workaholism is a problem that has been evident since the Stone Age whenever people have sought to escape other parts of their lives through work. Our parents and grandparents worked very hard, but theirs was more of a physical work. Ours has more stress in it, especially in these days of rising competition and shrinking companies. The companies are getting smaller and smaller because of bleak economic conditions and employees fear for their jobs so they work longer hours. We seem to be more in the fast lane than ever before.Psychology counselors have noticed three types of workaholics:People with high energy that needs discharging.Very competitive people who have a strong need to prove themselves and tie their self-worth to their work.People who use work to escape from something, such as grief, frustration or guilt. They keep themselves so busy that they have no time or energy to deal with their real problems.These three types generally have the same traits. They cant stand not being active. They find it hard to go on vacation. Theyre more comfortable being with fellow workers than with family and friends. They equate self-worth and success with hard work. Theyd rather be at work than elsewhere or doing anything else.Workaholics presumably view their work habits through denial and rationalization. They deny the excessive time theyre devoting to work, and they rationalize that their schedule is for the family and essential to being promoted. They also tend to view themselves and their work as indispensable and their working long hours as commitment to the company. Of course there is nothing wrong with their commitment, ambition and durable energy. But what is wrong is that these things often come in at a high price to their health and the welfare of their families.As workaholics tend to put all their eggs in one basket, their job, they can be helped by spreading these eggs into several baskets. Psychology counselors, for example, often help these people by asking about the hobbies they enjoyed in the past and dont have any more now. That kind of question can often get them started toward regaining more of a balance in their lives.To be a healthy person physically and psychologically, one should lead a balanced life, summarize some psychology experts. Those little things reading mystery novels, playing volleyball, spending time with family and friends, playing with the dog, going fishing may seem relatively insignificant means to a healthy end. They can be at least as rewarding as work.Words: 683NEW WORDSworkaholicn. C a person who works without stop 闲不下来的人，工作狂dimensionn. 1. C a factor 方面，特点2. C, U measures for length, width, etc. 尺度（宽，长，厚，高）dimensionala. having the stated number of dimensions （构成复合词的）有维的，方面的constanta. 1. going on all the time; happening again and again 经常的，永恒的，不断的2. unchanging; fixed 不变的，固定的constantlyad. continuously 经常地，不断地drunka. 1. excited by alcoholic drink （酒）醉的2. (with) behaving in a strange, often unpleasant way (because of the excitement of sth.) 陶醉（于）consequencen. 1. C sth. that is a result or effect of sth. else 结果，结局，影响2. U importance 重要性systemn. 1. C an ordered set of ideas, methods, or ways of working 制度，体制；一套（工作）方法2. C a group of things or parts working together as a whole 系统，体系sanctionvt. give ones approval for (sth.); allow 批准，认可n. 1. U approval for an action, a change, etc. 批准，认可2. C a reason that stops people going against laws, rules, etc. 约束力，约束因素workaholismn. U state of being workaholic 醉心工作，迷恋工作employeen. C a person who works for a company in return for money 雇员，被雇佣的人employern. C a person or company that employs others 雇主loyala. true to sb./sth. 忠诚的，忠贞的hazardvt. 1. subject (sth.) to danger; risk 使遭受危险，冒险2. take a risk to make or suggest 冒险做出；大胆提出n. C danger; risk 危险；风险trapvt. 1. keep (sb.) in a place from which he wants to move but cannot 使陷于困境，使落入圈套，使受限制2. catch by a trick 设陷阱捕捉n. 1. C a device or hole for catching animals or people and preventing their escape 陷阱，捕捉机2. C a dangerous or unpleasant situation which you have got into and from which it is difficult or impossible to escape 圈套，诡计consumptionn. 1. U using up of food, energy, resource, etc. 消耗，消费2. U the amount used or eaten 消费量，消耗量moden. C a way or manner in which sth. is done 方法，方式merchantn. C a businessman; a trader 商人rackvt. cause physical or mental pain, or trouble 使（肉体或精神）受痛苦，使受折磨，给造成麻烦（此词在文中与up连用，意义为积累。）necessarilyad. as a sure result 必然地，必定地evidenta. obvious (to the eye or mind); clear 明显的，显然的，清楚的 competitionn. U, C a state or an activity in which people compete 竞争lanen. 1. C a strip of road marked out for single line of traffic 车道2. C a narrow road in the countryside or in a town 小路，小巷dischargevt. 1. give or send out 放出，流出2. give official sanction for sb. to leave 放行，让离去vi. give or send out 排出，流出n. U, C sth. that is discharged 排出物，流出物competitivea. 1. (of people) having a strong wish to win （指人）有强烈竞争意识的，好胜心强的2. of, based on, or decided by competition 竞争的，取决于竞争的griefn. 1. U deep or violent sad feeling 悲伤，忧伤，悲恸2. C sth. causing such feelings 伤心的事，令人悲伤的事traitn. C a characteristic 品质，特点equatevt. consider as the same; connect in mind 等同，同等对待equationn. 1. C a statement that two expressions are equal 方程式，等式2. C the action of making equal or regarding as equal 等同presumablyad. it may be supposed that 推测起来，大概，可能denialn. 1. C a statement that sth. is not true 否认，否定2. the act or an example of refusing to give or accept 拒绝给予，拒绝接受rationala. 1. not foolish; having common sense; reasonable 合理的，明智的2. showing clear thought 理智的，理性的rationalizevt. provide an explanation for 阐述理由，说明理由，自圆其说rationalizationn. U, C the action of providing an explanation 阐述理由，说明理由denyvt. 1. declare untrue; refuse to accept as a fact 否认，不承认2. refuse to give or allow 拒绝，不给schedulen. 1. C a program of work to be done 进度表，程序表2. C a timetable 时间表，时刻表vt. arrange sth. for a certain time 安排，排定indispensablea. too important or too useful to be without 必不可少的，不可或缺的，绝对必要的ambitionn. 1. C, U strong desire for success, power or money 野心，雄心，抱负2. C the object of a desire（具体的）抱负目标durablea. lasting for a long time 耐用的，持久的welfaren. U physical and mental health and happiness, esp. of a person（尤指人的）幸福，福利，安康summarizevt. make a brief statement of the main points 概述volleyballn. U 排球，排球运动meansn. 1. a method or way (of doing sth.) 方法，途径2. (pl.) money that lets you buy things 钱财，财力，财富PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSother thanexcep