高考英语 形容词和副词的用法.doc

形容词和副词画龙点睛 让你高考复习轻松形容词和副词是十大词类中的两大实词，一直是历年高考单选、语法填空和完形填空的热点，对于参加高考的考生至关重要。为此，我根据新课标和高考大纲的要求，作了整理和归纳，今天在这里和大家一起分享。一、形容词、副词的作用和位置1、形容词用来修饰名词作定语一般被放在名词前面，或放在连系动词后面作表语；形容词有时可以作状语。如：mr. cheng is a super teacher.程老师是高级教师。he is old.他年龄大了。unhappy, he went out of the room.他走出了房间，很不高兴。注意：形容词（短语）作状语时，可位于句首、句中或句末，相当于一个非限制性的定语从句。例如：tom, very ill, sent for a doctor. (= tom, who was very ill, sent for a doctor.)汤姆病得很厉害，派人请大夫了。as tom didnt pass the exam, he went home, full of fear. ( who was full of fear.) 因为汤姆没有考及格，他回家了，心里很害怕。2、副词用来修饰形容词、动词、其它副词或者句子。一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句首。如：mary is very beautiful. 玛丽很美丽。listen to me carefully, please. 请认真听我讲话。3、注意以下几种特殊情况：（1）形容词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后。english is a language difficult to master.英语是一种很难掌握的语言。(2）afraid, asleep, alone, alike, awake, alive等是表语形容词，一般只能作表语、补语，不能被very 修饰。它们如果作定语，定语后置。he is very much afraid of dogs.他很害怕狗。this is a person alive. 这是个活人。(3)用作定语修饰由one，no, some, any, every等不定代词构成的复合词如something, anything, everything, nothing 等时，通常后置。如：i have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。(4)else一般放在不定代词和疑问代词等之后。如：she is taller than anyone else in her class.她比班上的任何人都高。what else would you like? 你还要别吗？(5)enough 修饰形容词和副词要后置。he is strong enough to carry the big box. 他力气大能搬那个大箱子。he ran fast enough to keep up with a bike. 他跑得快能跟上自行车。(6)几个副词并列作状语的顺序：方式 + 地点 + 时间we had a good time together outdoors last sunday. 上星期天我们一起户外玩得很开心。(7)时间频度的副词often, always, usually等一般在行为动词之前,be动词之后。tom is always late for class. 汤姆上课总是迟到。he often comes early in the morning. 他经常上午来得早。(8)表示空间位置的副词作定语要后置。the person over there is waiting for you. 那边的那个人在等你。（9）词序one/no/any/all/many/some + such + n. ，how/so/as/too + adj. + a/an + n. 和 what/ such/ rather /quite +a/an + adj. + n. i should have bought one such book. 我本来应该买这样的一本书。how good a boy he is! 他是多好的孩子呀！he is such a kind man that he is ready to help others. 他就是这样的好人乐意帮指别人。(10)多个形容词作定语的顺序：前位限定词 + 中位限定词 + 后位限定词 +“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”。前位限定词：all，both，half，double，倍数词、分数词等。中位限定词：冠词、指示代词、代词所有格、名词所有格以及some，any，no，every，each，either，neither，enough，much，whose等。后位限定词：序数词、基数词以及little，few，last，next，other，another，more，less，most，several，least以及plenty of等不定代词。限定词顺序：如：all(前)these(中)last(后)few(后)days，所有这最后几天。注意：“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”中的字各代表什么？“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词；“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词；“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类” 形容词；“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类” 形容词；“房”代表“中心名词”。例如：the mans first two interesting small red french oil paintings 那人的头两张有意思的法国红色小油画 two beautiful new green silk evening dresses 两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服; that hungry tired sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩 注意：前位限定词不能两个或两个以上修饰同一个名词。中位限定词不能两个或两个以上修饰同一个名词。表示同类意义的不同位的限定词不能同时修饰同一个名词。如不说some much water 后位限定词可以同时出现，但位置比较固定。如：the first two chapters；the next few weeks；another twenty tons；three other girls 【高考链接】seeing _ hat, the old man thought of hard time in the world war ii.a. the old round yellow small b. the small round old brownc. a round brown small old d. the brown old small round答案b。its a_ clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century. (2013年上海卷)a. charming french small b. french small charming c. small french charming d. charming small french解析：charming是描绘性形容词+ small是表示“大、小、新、旧”的形容词+ french是表示“国籍、来源”的形容词+被修饰名词“clock”。所以它们的排序是：charming small french。故选择d项。(11)以ly结尾的词并非都是副词。下面以ly结尾的lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, likely, brotherly, timely, ugly 等是形容词。二、形容词和副词的比较等级(1)原级的用法 形容词、副词原级就是它们本身。 用法：肯定句：“as + 原级 + as”的结构否定句：“not so/as + 原级 + as”的结构 （soas 只用在否定句） “倍数+“as + 原级 + as”的结构john is as tall as tom.the stone weighs as much as 15 tons.tom didnt run as/so fast as jack.this room is three times as large as that one.(2) 比较级和最高级的构成规则的比较级和最高级不规则的比较级和最高级形容词副词比较级， 不规则的要牢记。合二为一有三对， 坏 病 、两多 、两个好 ，一分为二有两个， 一个“远” 来，一个“老” ，还有一词 有双意， 只记“少”来，不记“小”。即：bad/badly/illworse -worst; many/muchmore-most；good/wellbetterbest；far-farther/further-farthest/furthest；old-older/elder-oldest/eldest； little作“小”解，没有比较级最高级形式。注意：farther和further都是far的比较级形式，可以作形容词和副词。表示距离时二者可以通用。 表示“增加”、 “更进一步”、 “额外的”意思时， 只用further。no further explanation is needed.elder 是定语形容词，不能用作表语。表示两者中年纪较大者用比较级older。“哥哥”、“姐姐”常用“elder brother”， “elder sister” ， 而不用older。older和oldest可修饰人或物，而elder和eldest只可修饰人， 而且通常修饰亲属。比较级的用法“比较级 + than” 的结构表示the picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than” 的结构表示。the room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加程度的状语，如：any, much, even, still, far, rather, a little, a lot, a great deal, by far等。he works even harder than before.注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较及时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。he is taller by far than his brother.he is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）， the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构。意思是“越越”。the harder he works, the happier he feels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。the weather is getting colder and colder.在比较时为了避免重复，我们通常用that/those，one/ones 代替前面出现的名词。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those代替复数名词；one/ones既可以指人，又可以指物，只代替可数名词。the book on the desk is more interesting than that on the table.the ears of a hare are longer than those of a cat.倍数表达法用times表示倍数，一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍可以用twice(adv.)或double(adj.)。用times表示“甲是乙的几倍大（高、长、宽等）”、“甲比乙大（高、长、宽等)几倍”，可以用下列句型：a is three(four，etc)times the size(height，length，width，etc. ) of b. the new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. 这座新楼是那旧楼的四倍大（四倍高）（这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍）。the size(the height)of the new building is four times that of the old one.这座新楼的大小（高度）是那座旧楼的四倍。（由于句首已用了the size ，the height，所以，在four times后面用代词that来代替，以避免重复）。a is three(four，etc) times as big (high，long，wide，etc)as b.asia is four times as large as europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大（亚洲比欧洲大三倍）。this box is three times as heavy as that one.这个箱子是那个箱子的三倍重（这个箱子比那个箱重两倍）。a is three(four，etc)times bigger(higher，longer，wider，etc)than b.the street is three times longer than that one。这条街比那条街长三倍（这条街是那条街的四倍长）。the meeting room is three times bigger than our office. 会议室比我们的办公室大三倍。（会议室是我们的办公室的四倍大）。（3）最高级的用法表示三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般都有表示比较的范围的介词短语。he is the tallest of the three. 他是三人中最高的。he is the tallest in the class. 他是班上最高的。最高级可以被序数词以及much ,by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like 等词语修饰。the hat is by far the biggest. 这帽子最大。this is the second longest river in china. 这是中国第二大河流。(4)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词最高级前一般加定冠词the，副词最高级前可以不加定冠词the。形容词最高级前加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表示比较，表示“非常”。比较：this is the most interesting book of the three.这是三本书中最有趣的书。this is a most interesting book.这是一本很有趣的书。this book is most interesting. 这本书很有趣。表示两者间“较的一个”who is the older of the two boys? 谁是俩男孩中较大一个？在same前一般要加the。 this is the same book as i lost. 这个我丢失书一模一样。有些形容前the 成为名词。如the poor, the rich 等。（5）not + 比较级表达最高级的含义，常翻译成“在不过了”。tom is good，kind, hard-working and intelligent, i can hardly find a better student in our class.汤姆品德高尚善良勤奋聪明，我在我们班里几乎不能找到比他再好的学生了。how beautifully she sings! i have never heard a better voice. 她唱得真好！我从来没有听过更美的声音。we could nt have enjoyed myself more. 我们玩得在开心不过了。【高考链接】do you think the weather is good enough for a outing?yes, you couldnt hope for _ at the time of the year.a. the nice day b. a nicer day c. the nicest day d. a nice day 答案b。（6）every表示“每个的”用法每隔两三年他们就继续迁移到新的地方。误：they move on to a new place each two or three years.正：they move on to a new place every two or three years. 【简析】表示“每隔的”，“每中的”英语常用 every + 数词，或 few， other +名词，而不用each。every twothree，four daysweeks，months=every secondthird，fourthdayweek，month每隔一二、三天 周、月三、形容词和副词练习单项填空 从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1a typhoon swept across the area with heavy rains and winds _strong as 113 miles per hour atoo bvery cso das2some experts think that language learning is much _for children as their tongues are more flexible aeasy beasier ceasily dmore easily3what a nice fire you have in your fireplace! during the winter i like my house _ awarmly and comfortably bwarm and comfortable c. warm and comfortably dwarmly and comfortable4we have only a sofa, a table and a bed in our new apartmentwe need to buy _morefurniture aany b. many c1ittle dsome5i have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _than john. a. more efficiently a worker ba more efficient worker cmore an efficient worker da worker more efficiently6we were in _ when we felt that we forgot the airline tickets. a. a rush so anxious ba such anxious rush cso an anxious rush d. such an anxious rush7it is believed that if a book is _it will surely _the reader ainterested；interest binteresting；he interested cinterested；be interesting d. interesting；interest8after supper she would sit down by the fire，sometimes for _ an hour，thinking of her young and happy days aas long as bas soon as cas much as das many as9as i know，there is _ car in this neighborhood. ano such bno a cnot such d. no such a10in recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go，_. aour holiday will be better bour holiday will be the better cthe better our holiday will be dthe better will our holiday be11greenland，_ island in the world，covers over two million square kilometers. a.it is the largest bthat is the largest c. is the largest dthe largest12we advertised for pupils last autumn，and got _ 60 amore than bmore of cas much as dso many as13it is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it aso unusual bsuch unusual csuch an unusual dso an unusual14are you satisfied with her answer? not at a11it couldnt have been _. aworse bso bad cbetter dthe worst15if the manager had to choose between the two，he would say john was _choice. a. good bthe best cbetter dthe better16of the two shirts, id like to choose _ oneathe less expensive bthe most expensive c1ess expensive dmost expensive17its believed that _ you work,_ result youll get athe harder; the better bthe more hard; the more better cthe harder; a better dmore hard; more better18i need _ cloth, for im going to make _ clothes a. a lot of；many bmuch；much cmany；many d. many；a lot of19_ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five aso a heavy bso heavy a c. a such heavy d. such heavy a20the salesman showed her several bags and she chose _ one as she didnt want to spend too much money on it.athe less expensive b1ess expensive cthe least expensive d1east expensive21how _ was tom driving when the policeman stopped him?eighty miles an houra. rapid b. long c. far d. fast 22if you had followed the plan，you could have done the job better with _ money and _ peoplea1ess;fewer bfewer；less c. less；few dfew；less23this washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ water and electricity than _ models a1ess;older b1ess；elder cfewer；older dfewer；elder24of the two sisters, betty is _ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet aa younger ba youngest cthe younger dthe youngest25i dont think this film is by far the most boringi have seen _ a. better bworse cthe best dthe worst26i used to earn _than a pound a week when i first started work aa little ba few cfewer d1ess27did you enjoy yourself at the party? yes，ive never been to _ one before aa more excited bthe most excited c. a more exciting dthe most exciting28your story is perfect; ive never heard _ before a. the better one b. the best one c. a better one d. a good one29this _ girl is lindas cousin. apretty little spanish bspanish little pretty cspanish pretty little d，little pretty spanish30david has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels _desire to go to bed athe most bmore cworse dthe least31bob ran the 100 meters in 991 seconds and i have not seen _this year athe best bbetter cthe most dmore32. why didnt you buy the camera you had longed for?i had planned to, but i was 50 _ afewer b. less ccheap dshort33. what a table! ive never seen such a thing beforeit is _ it is long ahalf not as wide as bwide not as half as cnot half as wide as das wide as not half34mr smith owns _ collection of coins than anyone else i have ever met a1arger ba larger cthe larger da large35john is the tallest boy in the class,_ according to himself afive foot eight as tall as bas tall as five foot eight cas five foot eight tall as das tall five foot eight as36mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting aheavier bheavy cthe heavier dthe heaviest37. that doesnt sound very frightening，paulive seen _what did you like most about the film? abetter bworse cbest dworst38. the number of people present at the concert were _ than expectedthere were many tickets left amuch smaller bmuch more cmuch larger dmany more39you dont look very _are you ill? no，im just a bit tired agood b. well cstrong dhealthy40mr smith，_ of the _ speech，started to read a novel atired；boring btiring；bored ctired；bored dtiring；boring41. im very _ with my own cookingit looks nice and smells deliciousmm，it does have a _ smellapleasant；pleased bpleased；pleased cpleasant；pleasant dpleased；pleasant42. boris has brainsin fact，i doubt whether anyone in the class has _ iq aa high ba higher cthe higher dthe highest43. _ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skihs abrave enough students benough brave students cstudents brave enough d. students enough brave44how beautifully she sings! i have never heard _ athe better voice ba good voice cthe best voice d. a better voice45how was your recent visit to qingdao? it was great. we visited some friends，and spent the _ days at the seaside afew fast sunny b1ast few sunny c1ast sunny few dfew sunny last46if there were no examinations，we should have _ at schoo1 athe happiest time ba more happier timec. much happiest time da much happier time1-5dbbdb 6-10ddaac 11-15dacad 16-20aaabc 21-25daacb 26-30dccad 31-35 bdcbb 36-40ababa 41-45dbcdb 46d高考形容词专练100题 北京 程中一i. 单项填空 从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. the apple tastes _ and sells _. a. well; well b. good; good c. good; well d. well; good2. thats a _ car. a. new red japanese sports b. red new japanese sportsc. japanese new red sport d. new japanese red sport3. of all the boys he sang _ . a. better b. much c. the best d. very well 4. the summer palace is one of the _ parks in beijing. a. more beautiful b. less beautifullyc. most beautiful d. much beautiful5. “do you have a big library?”“no, we dontat least, not _ yours.”a. bigger as b. as big as c. as big than d. as bigger than 6. can we do our work better with _ money and _ people?a. lesser; few b. less; fewer c. little; less d. few; less7. tom is more clever than _ students in his class. a. every one of the b. all the c. any of the other d. many more8. which kind of sports do you like _, football, basketball or table tennis?a. best b. much c. much better d. much more9. among us zhang hong swims _ . a. the fastest b. the most fast c. most fastly d. the most fastly10. it was cold last year, but it is _colder this year. a. just b. only c. even d. about11. which do you think tastes _, the chicken or the fish?a. well b. good c. better d. best12. i dont like tea and she doesnt _ .a. neither b. either c. too d. also13. -_ have you been in beijing? -about a week.a. how often b. how far c. how soon d. how long14. john has three sisters. mary is the _of the three. a. most cleverest b. more clever c. cleverest d. cleverer15. the horse is getting old and cannot run _it did.a. as faster as b. so fast than c. so faster as d. as fast as 16. this year the farmers have produced _ rice _they did last year. a. as less; as b. as few; as c. less; than d. fewer; than17. the pianos in the other shop will be _, but _. a. cheaper; not as better b. more cheap; not as betterc. cheaper; not as good d. more cheap; not as good18. tom is going skating with _ boysa. little two other b. two little otherc. two other little d. little other two 19. they all looked _ at the mas