Tesla：如何设计48V汽车？-2025-01-技术资料

HowtoDesign48VoltVehicles

Teslahasbeenexpandingitsvehicleproductionaboutasfastasallofitscompetitorscombined.Teslapresentlyaccountsforover60%offullelectriccarssoldintheUS.

TeslaclaimstheirrecentlylaunchedCybertruckutilizesa48Vlow-voltagearchitecture,andhasindicatedalltheirfuturevehicleswillutilizea48voltsystem.

InearlyDecember2023,ElonMusksentotherOEMCEOsarecipefordesigning48Vvehicles.Althoughthereisnothingnovelaboutitscontents,3IShasreceivedmultiplerequestsforthecopyrighteddocument.TheinformationpresentedhereisafacsimileofMr.Musk’spaper.

48-Voltvehiclearchitecturesisnotanewconcept…

AutomotiveOEMshavelongrealized

•Decreasedcurrentconsumptionincreasedefficiencies(1/4amper

•Smallerwirecross-sections(less

•Smallerwirebundles,connectors

•Componentandsystemweightre

ICs&ECUs

Power

Distribution

Power

Consumption

thebenefitsof48Vsystems:

&powerdissipation,

age,1/16losses)

conductormaterial)

,heatsinks,misc.componentsductions

LowVoltageSystemCategories

PowerSupply

VoltageConversion

LowVoltageArchitectureCategories(1of3)

DCPower

BatteriesandStorage

•Existingtechnologyreadilyutilized

•Industryconsensusforoperationalstandards

VoltageConversion

LowVoltageManagement

•48Vto12V,5V,3.3V(etc.)

•Legacyinfrastructure

•Bi-directionalcapability

LowVoltageArchitectureCategories(2of3)

ICs&ECUs

Semiconductorrequirementsforcomputing&loadmanagement

•Transitionto48Vwherepracticable;prioritizehigh-powerconsumptiondevices

•12V,5V,and3.3Vintegratedcircuitsremain

Power

Distribution

Connectors,harnesses,andhandling

•Smallerconnectors,greaterpin-countdensity

•Eliminatedamagefromarcing

•Harnessminiaturization

•Flexible/intelligentpowermanagementanddistribution

LowVoltageArchitectureCategories(3of3)

owerconsumptionloads:

ngandcontrol(ADAS,BodyControl,

on,A/C)

ESC,BlowerFans,ParkBrake,Liftgate,ering,Seats,WindshieldWipers,etc.)

ActuatorandSensorLoads

•Prioritizetransitionofhigh-p

•High-poweredcomputiInfotainment)

•Compressors(Suspensi

•Motors(BrakeBooster,WindowLift,PowerSte

•Heaters

•Pumps

•ExteriorLighting

Power

Consumption

OtherConsiderations

•Fusingandcircuitprotectionstrategies

(Tesla’sexistingeFuseprotection-allcarlines-is48Vcapable)

•48Varcpreventionandmitigation

•Lowvoltageconversionefficiencies(capacitor-basedvsmagnetics)

•Communicationnetworkingconsiderations

•48Vsupplychaincomplianceands