初中英语教学论文 语法学习技巧（2）.doc

语法学习技巧（2）一、it的用法1、it除了代替人和物以外，还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。例如：itis nor easy to finish the work in two days. 然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是：无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good)；工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、且危险(a danger)。例如：a、it is no use crying over spilt milk.b、it is a waste of time waiting for him2、it还可以作形式宾语。通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语：2f2tcjm (find，feel ,think , take, consider，judge, make)。例如：a、he made it clear that he was not interested in this subjectb、i think it no use arguing with him.3、it用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、 状语)，可以把it当作先行词。这种句子的结构是：it is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。例如：a、it is professor lin who teaches us english(强调主语)b、it was in shanghai that l saw the film.(强调状语)c、it was in 1990 that i worked in the factory(同上)但要注意与定语从句的区别。例如：d、it was 1990 when i worked in the factory(定语从句)我们去掉强调结构it is (was) that，句子意义很完整。它就是强调句。反之，就是定语从句。 如例句c。而例句d就不能。二、倒装结构学生容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之，编个顺口溜：副(adv.)介(prep)提前全倒装，其它句式部分倒；否定提前倒助动，让步状语倒表语；复合句式倒主句，不倒装的属特殊。下面举例说明：a、here comes the bus(副词提前，全倒装)b、here he comes.(代词作主语，不倒装)c、in front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前，全倒装)d、never shall i do this again.(否定词提前，部分倒装)e、young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句，表语倒装)f、only when he told me did i realize what trouble he was in(only 修饰状语，主句倒装)g、only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语不倒装)h、not only will help be given to people, but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前，部分倒装)i、not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语，不倒装)三、虚拟语气虚拟语气也是一个难点。所谓虚拟语气是表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。它通过句子的谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。现归纳如下：纯假设，用虚拟，动词时态退一级：条件句，分主从，主句谓语前加would (should, could，might)；表愿望,用虚拟，wish后面接宾语(从句)：现在过去与将来，动词时态退一级：提建议，用虚拟，宾语(从句)动词用(should)do：俩建议，三要求，再加坚持与命令(suggest, advise, demand, require, request, insist, order)：it is time和would rather,后接丛句用虚拟：部分主语从句中， 谓语用虚拟结构 (it is necessary /important/natural/natural/strange/strange thatshould do)。 下面举例说明：a、if you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. (条件句虚拟)b、without air, there would be no living things.(同上)c、we wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虚拟)d、he demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建议虚拟)e、it is(high)time that we left (should leave)now(特殊从句虚拟)f、iwould rather you gave me the book(同上)g、it is necessary that we should clean the room everyday，(主语从句虚拟)h、he speaks english so fluently