牛津译林版8B Unit2 现在完成时延续性动词.ppt

Presentperfecttense sinceandfor 8BUnit2Grammar2 Ihavebeento Wehavebeenin forfivedays TheGreatWall Weuse have has been toexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttosomeplaceandhasalreadycomeback 某人去过某地 现在已经回来了 Weuse have has gone toexpresstheideathatsomeonewenttosomeplaceandisstillthere 某人去了某人 现在仍然在那儿 还没回来 Daniel 1 youever be toHongkong Millie Millie No butI 2 be toAustraliawithmyparents Daniel Oh that sgreat 3 you visit thefamousOperaHouseinSydney Have been havebeen Have visited Millie Yes we 4 be totheOperaHouse Itwaswonderful Lookatthephotos Daniel Wow TheOperaHouseisreallywonderful andyoulookgreatinthephotos Haveyouvisitedanyotherinterestingplaces havebeen Millie We 5 be tothebeach Lookatthisone Isn titbeautiful Daniel Yes thebeachisverybeautiful IsawAndythere too Millie Yes He 6 go therewithhisfamily havebeen went Daniel Really I 7 notsee himforsometime He 8 notcome backyet Millie Heandhisfamily 9 go toShanghaitovisithisgrandparents Theywillcomebacktomorrowmorning haven tseen hasn tcome havegone 小试身手 选用havebeento或havegoneto的适当形式填空 1 MyfatherBeijing Hewillbebackintwodays 2 TheGreenstheUSAtwice 3 A Whereisyourauntnow Ihaven tseenherforalongtime B SheXiamen youever HongKongDisneyland 5 A TomNanjing B Yes Hehasn tcomebackyet hasgoneto havebeento hasgoneto Have beento Has goneto Step一 现在完成时复习用法1 现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 特点是既涉及过去 又联系现在 动作是过去发生的 结果是现在存在的 现在完成时谓语动词的构成 助动词have has not V ed 过去分词 Look Theblackboardissocleannow Hehascleanedtheblackboard 他已经擦过黑板了 这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的 用法2 表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来Hehastaughtheresince1993 Hehastaughthereforabout20years Mikehasstudiedinthisschoolsincelastyear Mikehaslivedinthatvillagefornearlytenyears Mikeborrowedthebookstwodaysago Mikehaskeptthebooksfortwodays WehavelearntEnglish 3years 3yearsago we come here for since came HowlonghaveyoulearntEnglish for 一段时间since 过去的时间点 句子就画线提问用howlong since Step二 for用法1 当我们谈论一段时间时用for 谈论过去时间点用since1 MrDonghaslivedhereformanyyears 2 MrDonghaslivedheresincehewasborn 2 一些动词如come go leave 但它们在肯定句中不能与for since连用 1 HehasleftBeijingforaweek 2 HehasnotleftBeijingyet 3 HehasbeenawayfromBeijingforaweek 4 Hehasboughtacarsince2007 5 Hehasnotboughtanycarsince2007 6 Hehashadacarsince2007 3 for和since的用法及区别1 since的四种用法1 since 过去一个时间点 如具体的年 月 日期 钟点 eg 1990 lastmonth halfpastsixIhavebeenheresince1990 1990起 我一直在这儿 2 since 一段时间 agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago 自从五个月前 我已经在这儿了 3 since 从句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft 自从你走后 已经发生了很大的变化 4 Itis 一段时间 since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher 我成为英语老师有两年了 4 for和since区别1 Since 时间点 具体时间 自从 以来 从 以后 用来说明动作起始时间IhavebeeninBeijingsince2010 2 For 时间段 用来说明动作延续时间长度 因此句中的谓语动词 也应该是延续性动词 IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears Ihavebeenherefor3days 对 Ihavearrivedherefor3days 误 5 延续性动词和终止性动词英语中 动词按其动作发生的方式 动作发生过程的长短 可分为延续性动词和终止性动词 1 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响 如 learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live stay等 2 终止性动词也称非延续性动词 瞬间动词或短暂性动词 表示不能延续的动作 这种动作发生后立即结束 如open close finish begin come go arrive reach getto leave move borrow buy等 6 延续性动词的用法特征1 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时 其完成时态可与表示 段时间 的状语连用 表示 段时间 的短语有 fortwoyears duringthepastthreeyears sincelastyear howlong等 如 IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere 自从我来到这儿就学英语了 2 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的 点时间 状语连用 如 Itraindateightyesterdaymorning 误 rain为延续性动词 而ateight表示 点时间 前后显然矛盾 如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作 可以借助come begin get等终止性动词来表示 上句可改为 Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning 正 又如 WhendidyougettoknowJack Twoyearsago Thenyou veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears That sright 7 终止性动词的用法特征1 终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成 因此可用于现在完成时 如 Thetrainhasarrived 火车到了 Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup 你加入电脑小组了吗 2 终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂 不能持续 因此 不可与表示一段时间的状语连用 只限肯定式 如 1 他死了三年了 误 Hehasdiedforthreeyears 正 Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears 正 Hediedthreeyearsago 正 Itisthreeyearssincehedied 正 Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied 2 他来这儿五天了 误 Hehascomehereforfivedays 正 Hehasbeenhereforfivedays 正 Hecameherefivedaysago 正 Itisfivedayssincehecamehere 正 Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere Step三常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换 buy havegoout beoutleave beawaybegin start beoncome go bein atborrow keepjoin beamemberof beindie bedeadcatchacold haveacoldbecome befallasleep beasleepopen beopengettoknow knowclose beclosedarrive bein atgetmarried bemarriedfallill beillgetup beupcatchacold haveacold 例子 1 Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks 2 Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes 句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词 kept beenon had been beenin beendead Step四 同义句转换1 Theygotmarriedthreeyearsago They marriedforthreeyears 2 WebegantolearnEnglishin2008 We Englishsince2008 3 Iborrowedthatbooklastweek I thatbooksincelastweek 4 Simonfellilllastmonth Simon illsincelastmonth 5 ShejoinedtheReadingClublastterm She theReadingClubsincelastterm havebeen havelearned havekept hasbeen hasbeenin 6 Hecametoourvillagetwoyearsago Heourvillagesincetwoyearsago 7 Helefthomethreedaysago Hehomefor3days 8 Iboughtthewatch2weeksago Ithewatchsince2weeksago 9 Itis5dayssinceIborrowedthebook Ithebookfor5days 10 Themeetingbegan10minutesago Themeeting for10minutes hasbeenin hasbeenawayfrom havehad havekept hasbeenon 11 Igottoknowhim10yearsagoIhimfor10years 12 Thereisafactory Thereafactoryfor20years 13 Ourschoolopenedin1960 Ourschoolsince1960 14 Thatoldmandied3yearsago Thatoldman for3years 15 KittyarrivedinHongkongtwodaysago kitty Hongkongfortwodays 16 TheconferencestoppedlastSaturday Theconference sincelastSaturday haveknown hasbeen hasbeenopen hasbeendead hasbeenin hasbeenover 1 这辆自行车我买了两年了 I ve thebike twoyears 2 HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago He Nanjingfortwoyears 3 Themonkeydiedlastmonth Themonkey foramonth 4 A Honglong you B Fortwoweeks A did getillB have fallenillC were illD have beenill 练一练 hadfor hasbeenawayfrom hasbeendead D Step五 一般过去时与现在完成时区别一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语 遇到yesterday lastyear in 过去某一年 twodaysago theotherday justnow等就用一般过去时 当有alreadyeverforjustyetneversincerecentlysofarbefore in during overthepasttenyears等常用现在完成时 1 Haveyou thebike Yes I it10minutesago mend 2 Ihave thefilm Titanic When you it see 3 I msorry Ihaven tgotanymoney I ve