人教版（新目标）初中八下Unit1Willpeoplehaverobots知识整理.doc

人教版（新目标）初中八下Unit 1 Will people have robots知识整理重要词汇解析fewer people 更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）less free time 更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定） in ten years 10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）fall in love with 爱上 例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once 当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他 live alone 单独居住feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独 keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪 fly to the moon 飞上月球 hundreds of +复数 数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of） the same as 和相同 A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/There are differences between A and B)wake up 醒来（wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人” get bored 变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等） go skating 去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等） lots of/a lot of 许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）at the weekends 在周末 study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习 agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)I dont agree. = I disagree. 我不同意on a piece of paper在一张纸上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词）on vacation 度假help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor住在12楼 live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号as a reporter 作为一名记者look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗 in the future 在将来/在未来no more=not anymore 不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）no longer=not any longer 不再（强调状态不再发生）besides（除之外还，包括）与except =but（除之外，不包括）be able to与can 能、会（be able to用于各种时态，而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如： 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can）2. had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）重点句型汇总1.There will be less pollution.(there be结构表某地某物, there be 句型中不能有have存在.2.Kids will not go to school.3.I dont think there will be more pollution in the future.4. I think I will meet lots of interesting people (本单元谓语动词是think的句子是重点,分别找出.)5. One day I might even visit Australia.(might在此处为或许可能之意,是个情态动词.)6. I think I will live in an apartment with my best friends because I do not like living alone.(with sb和某人,在句中做伴随状语;alone带有感情色彩,表内心的孤独,lonely不带有感情色彩,只表独自,单独.)7.Its + adj +for + sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是的. (可用的形容词有easy, difficult, important等,)8.too + adj +to do sth 太而不能9.It takes sb sometime to do sth Sb spend sometime /money on sth / (in可省略)doing sth )Sb pay money / time for sthIt cost sb some mokey交际用语 What do you think life will be like in 100 years?Every home will have a robot. Will kids go to school?No, they wont. Theyll study at home. There will be fewer trees.重要语法 1. 一般将来时2. there be 句型【课文讲解】1. People will have robots in their homes. 人们家里将会有机器人。will助动词，表单纯的未来。用于陈述句表“将，会”。e.g. I will (Ill) be 15 next month.下个月我就15岁了。Mr. Green will be back soon.He wont be back before 10.否定句：wont = will notwill用于疑问句意为“会吗？”e.g. Will you be free on Friday evening?Will people have robots?2. There will only be one country.将会只有一个国家。There will be 是there be句型的将来时态。e.g. There wont be any paper money. （否定）Will there be less pollution? (疑问)Yes, there will./ No, there wont.There will be more people. (肯定)常见错误：there will have3.I think there will be more / less pollution. fewer 与less及more表数量的用法。（1）few（形容词）“几乎没有，很少的”，修饰可数名词。其比较级、最高级为规则变化：fewfewerfewest。“a few”表示“一些”，“few”带否定含义，“几乎没有”。例：a few days ago, for a few weeks, He has few friends here. There will be fewer trees. （2）little（形容词）“很少的，几乎没有的”（“小的，幼小的”），修饰不可数名词。其比较级、最高级为不规则变化：littlelessleast。“a little”表“一些”，“little”带否定含义，“几乎没有”。例：Theres little food left. We have to buy some. Theres a little water in the cup. There will be less pollution. He finished it within the least time. （3）many“许多”，修饰可数名词。much“许多”，修饰可数名词。many / more比较级、最高级为不规则变化：many / much moremost。例：I have many magazines. She has more magazines. But he has the most. There will be more people on the earth in future. More and more students start to exercise more every day to keep fit. 4. 注：except“除了”，不包含其后的事物或人，而besides表“除了”含义时包含其后的事物或人。例：All the students passed the exam except Tom. Besides Tom, Mary and Peter will come to the dinner. She just sits beside me in the classroom.5. go swimming 去游泳类似的短语还有：go skating 去滑冰 go fishing 去钓鱼go shopping 去买东西 go hiking 去远足6. be on vacation 度假Where will go be on vacation?你将去哪儿度假7. In ten years 十年后Ill be a reporter in ten years.十年后我会是一个记者Ill be a hero in ten years.十年后我又是一条好汉.8. fall in love with 爱上fall in love with a girl 爱上一个女孩fall in love with a country 爱上一个国家 注 fall 是“陷入”的意思. 它与feel（感觉）很像。fallfellfallenfeelfeltfelt.9alone adj.（只作表语） adv. 独自；单独He was alone in the house他一个人在屋里I went to the movies alone，I felt lonely.我独自去看电影了，我觉得很孤独 注 alone 表示“单独的，独自一人的”，不含感情色彩.做形容词时，只能在be动词或系动词之后做表语与lonely不同，lonely表示“孤独的，寂寞的”含有丰富的感情色彩.lonely做形容词时，可做定语和表语。如: a lonely village 孤寂的村庄.10keep vt.& vi.keep 有好几个意思，在本课中做“饲养；喂养”讲，相当于feed。keep a pet parrot 养一只宠物鹦鹉feed a cat with fish 给猫喂鱼（1）保住；保留：Ill try my best to keep my job. 我要尽力保住我的工作。（2）保守（秘密）：keep a secret（这对我来说可是太难了）（3）保持（某状态）：Keep silent! 保持沉默！Keep top side up! 请勿倒放！（“保持上方朝上”不就是“请勿倒放”吗？）（4）继续；持续：They kept walking. 他们继续步行。【典型考题】1Are you _ your winter holiday next week?A. going to have B. will have C. had D. have解析 next week意思是：下一周，很显然应该用将来时态。will have虽然是将来时态，但题干中有are，所以应该用be going to结构。答案 ( A )2There _ a fashion show in my home town tomorrow evening.A. will have B. is C. will be D. is going to正解 C错因分析 这是因为没有掌握好there be句型的将来时态的结构。There be句型的将来时态的结构是：There is going to be 或There will be这里面的be不能用have。have的执行者（或主语）是人。3. He is happy that he _in a tall apartment next year.A. live B. lives C. will live D. will living正解 C错因分析 这是在学习的过程中没有牢固掌握将来时的结构，将来时态的结构是：will+ do ，即will 后面跟动词原形，living是现在分词结构，不是动词原形。4.All the _ a few _ taken with the welcoming groups. A. heros, photoes B. heros, photos C. heroes, photos解析：本题考查以O结尾的名词单数变复数。以O结尾的名词单数变复数有两种情况，一是有生命的名词加es，无生命的名词变复数加s。中学阶段只有四个单词加es。可根据下面口诀记忆：英雄(hero)和黑人(negro)爱吃西红柿tomato)和土豆(potato)。答案 C【语法详解】1)一般将来时1用be doing表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。如：go, come, leave, arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。We are having fish for dinner.We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。A: Where are you going?B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?A: Yes, I am just coming. Wait for me.2用be going to do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。Are you going to post that letter?How long is he going to stay here?I am going to book a ticket.另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。Its going to rain.George is putting on weight, he is going to be quite fat.3. 用will/ shall do表示将来：主要意义，一是表示预见。You will feel better after taking this medicine.Do you think it will rain?二是表示意图.I will not lend the book to you.Take it easy, I will not do it any longer. 基本结构：She will come to have class tomorrow.Will she come to have class tomorrow?She wont come to have class tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?1)There be结构1. there be 结构中的be是可以运用各种时态的。 There is going to be a meeting tonight.今晚有个会议。 There was a knock at the door.有人敲门。There has been a girl waiting for you.有个女孩一直在等你。There will be rain soon.不久天就要下雨了。2动词be单复数形式要跟there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据 就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。如：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。 How many people are there in the city?这个城市里有多少人口。There is a pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一个钢笔和两本书。There are two books and a pen on the desk.课桌上有两本书和一个钢笔。There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.在教室里有一些学生和一位老师。There is a teacher and some students in the classroom.在教室里有一位老师和一些学生。3. 在there be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式主动形式和被动 形式均可。 There is no time to lose(= to be lost).时间紧迫。 There is nothing to see(=to be seen).看不见有什么。 There is nothing to do.(=to be done)无事可做。 4、There is no doing.（口语）不可能.There is no telling when he will be back.无法知道他什么时候回来。There is no knowing what he is doing.无法知道他在做什么。 【中考连线】1What a beautiful sweater! How much did you _for it? Atake B. cost C. pay D. spend 答案 C解析 此题考查花费的区别。此题主语是“人”，并且pay常与for连用，意为“为付款”，故此题选C。2You shouldnt _here. The baby _.A. play; sleeping B. to play; is sleeping C. plays, sleeps D. play; is sleeping 正解 D在第一个句子中should是情态动词，后面应用动词原形，所以排除B、C选项，根据句意第二个句子应用现在进行时态，结构是am/ is /are+ v-ing形式。故选D。3.Could you please _me your bike?Sorry, Amy _it an hour ago.A. Lend, borrow B. Lend, borrowed C. borrow; lent D. borrow; lend 正解 B borrow和lend都有“借”的意思，borrow是“借入”的意思；lend是“借出”的意思。此外相应的句型也不一样，borrowfrom，lend sth. to sb.或lend sb. sth。第二个句子.根据an hour ago可以确定是一般过去时态。4. A: What _ under your bed, Langlang?B: Oh, where are my basketball shoes, Mom?A. do you do B. are you doing C. did you do答案 B解析：此题主要时态。A项是一般现在时态，B项是现在进行时态，C项是过去时态。从答语“他在找他的篮球运动鞋”来看，可以知道问句应该是：现在进行时态。故此题选B。同步测试题一、单项选择（每题1分，共15分） 1. If you spend 100 yuan in our store this Sunday, you will get a present _. A. for nothing B. for free C. in nothing D. in free 2. What will happen if more and more people buy cars? -I think people will use buses _. A. more B. fewer C. least D. less 3. How soon will he come back? -_. A. After three days B. In a week C. On Friday D. Next month 4. What does Zhai Zhigang do, do you know? -Of course. He is a famous _. He is the first Chinese to walk in space. A. astronaut B. engineer C. actor D. singer 5. The young man _ the beautiful girl when he was her for the first time. A. felt in love with B. fell in love to C. fell in love with D. felt in love to 6. _ a teacher, I think I should teach the students not only how to learn but also how to be a man. A. To be B. For C. As D. With 7. Do you like staying at home _? -No, I dont. That always makes me feel lonely(孤独的). A. alone B. lonely C. lone D. self 8. What does the _ mean? -It is a place to live in space. A. astronaut B. space station C. apartment D. rocket 9. Dont give up. I think your dream will _. A. come up B. come over C. come out D. come true10. Now the computers are _ more and more people all over the world. A. used for B. discovered by C. used by D. discovered for11. What are you going to do in the future? -I am dreaming of opening up my _ company. A. own B. myself C. owner D. oneself12. There are _ people having lunch at this restaurant every day. A. hundred of B. hundreds of C. two hundreds D. two hundred of13. What do you think of the robots in the future? -I think they wont _ do all the work like humans. A. can B. like C. able to D. be able to14. If you are made to eat certain food for a long time, you will _ with it. A. fit B. agree C. get bored D. get boring15. No one knows _ in the future. A. what will be happen B. what will happen C. what will it happen D. what it will happen二、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）A little girl went to a hospital. “I want to _1_ a miracle(奇迹).” “What?” said the doctor. “My brother is badly ill, _2_ my daddy says only a miracle can save my brother.” “We dont sell miracles here, little girl. Im _3_ but I cant help you,” said the dotor. “I have the _4_ to pay for it,” said the girl.The doctors brother asked, “What miracle does your _5_ need?” “I dont know,” she answered. “My daddy cant _6_ for it, so I want to use my money.” “How much do you have?” asked the man. “A dollar and a half.” “Well,” _7_ the man, “a dollar and a half can buy a miracle.”That man was a very good _8_. The operation(手术) was free and her brother became well. “Whats the price _9_ the operation?” her mom asked. The little girl smiled. She knew exactly how _10_ a miracle wasa dollar and a half with the faith(诚意) of a little girl. 1. A. sell B. make C. buy D. take 2. A. or B. so C. then D. and 3. A. glad B. sorry C. worried D. sure 4. A. money B. illness C. time D. house 5. A. mom B. daddy C. brother D. sister 6. A. pay B. spend C. give D. have 7. A. asked B. smiled C. cried D. talked 8. A. friend B. parent C. teacher D. doctor 9. A. to B. of C. with D. at10. A.little B. few C. much D. many三、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）AOn a Friday morning, it was a composition lesson. Davids English teacher Mr. Wang said, “We will have a long summer vacation in two weeks. What will you do during your summer vacation, boys and girls? Please write a composition about your summer vacation plan.” The students didnt speak. They all thought and wrote about their vacation plans.But David didnt write. After Mr. Wangs words, he lost himself into his wonderful vacation. “That is very easy. I will go to my grandpas home. At his home I can get up late in the morning. When I get up, I will go to the small river with grandpa. We can catch many big fish there. It will be very interesting. There are many children in that village. I can play with them. We will go swimming in the river on sunny days. It will be great fun. I like to play sports. In the afternoon, I will climb the mountain near my grandpas home. I can see many birds, trees and flowers. I can ”While David was dreaming, Mr. Wang said, “David, give your composition to me now.” But David didnt write a word. 1. What day was that day? A. Monday. B. Tuesday. C. Friday. D. Saturday. 2. How soon will the summer vacation come? A. In half a month. B. In one week. C. In a month. D. In two months. 3. Davids grandpa lives _. A. in a city B. in a town C. on a farm D. in a village 4. What is the meaning of the word “composition” in Chinese? A.作文 B.演讲 C.比赛 D.考试 5. Why did not David write a word when the teacher asked him for the composition? A. Because he couldnt write. B. Because he lost himself into his vacation. C. Because he wouldnt have a vacation. D. Because he didnt want to write.BNow cities are full of cars. Some families even have two or more cars. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in the cities. Something will have to be done to change it.What will the cars of tomorrow be like?Little care may some day take the place of todays big cars. If everyone drives little cars in the future, there will be less pollution in the air. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded. Three little cars can fit in the space now needed for one car of the usual size.The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive. Driving will be safe, too. What is more, these little cars can run about 65 kilometers per hour.Little cars of the future will be fine for getting around a city, but they will not be useful for long trips. If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the big, fast cars and other roads will be needed for the slower, smaller ones. 6. _ is the big problem for those people who have cars. A. Money B. Parking C. Driver D. Waiting 7. Little ars in the future will bring _ pollution in the air. A. more B. much C. less D. no 8. The little cars size may be _ todays cars size. A. one third of B. two thirds of C. as big as D. as small as 9. People can _ money with using the little cars. A. spent B. cost C. take D. save10. The big cars are _ the little cars for long trips. A. as useful as B. not so useful as C. more useful than D. less useful thanC阅读下面短文，将文后的个句子还原到文中适当的位置。In a class in Japan, a robot teacher Saya called out the names of the students, smiled at them and told them off. _ So the students liked her very much. But the scienti