初中英语-非谓语动词.doc

非谓语动词总结一动名词 1）作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2）作宾语 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如： Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。 比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如： a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池 有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如： boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机二不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to 动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。1）动词不定式作主语1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is 形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is 名词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is 形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。2）动词不定式作宾语1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)简析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。3）动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省)简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。4）动词不定式作状语1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)简析go， come， try， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省)简析be 形容词 to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (广东省)简析在上述too 形容词/副词(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。5）动词不定式作定语1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。6）不带to的动词不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (贵州省)简析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在had better后面接不带to的不定式。7）、动词不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didnt jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区)2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (内蒙古自治区)简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.8）动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?_. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I cant B. Yes, Im gladC. Yes, Id love to D. Id like (大连市)简析在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于be glad to，would like (love) to，have to等结构中。9）动词不定式的被动式和其他形式The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)简析当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时，用动词不定式的被动式，即：to be 过去分词；如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have 过去分词；如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的进行式，即：to be 现在分词三、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西壮族自治区)2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)简析一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：stop to do sth意为停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意为停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意为记住去做某事(事还未做)，remember doing sth意为记得做过某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意为接着做某事(做完一事，接着做另一事)，go on doing sth意为继续做某事(一事未做完接着往下做)：forget to do sth意为忘了做某事(事还未做)，forget doing sth意为忘了曾做过某事(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龙江省)简析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。四、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况： 1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词有些动词接doing和to do意义相近像like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)。如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大：如：like to do表示想要做某一具体的动作 like dong表示一般或抽象的多次动作 它们在实际使用中区别很小。 2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词： remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过) forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过) try to do(设法做) try doing(试着做) go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事) stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做) cant help to do(不能帮助做) cant help doing(情不自禁做) 五、后跟不带to的不定式（动词原形）的情况。1在感官动词和使役动词后feel， hear，listen to，watch，look at，see， notice ，make，let，have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。 在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带to。2.助动词或情态动词后：do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。3.某些固定句型中1）Will（Would）you please（not）？请（不要）做某事好吗？2）had better最好做某事3）Why not？为何不做某事 4) would rather(not).宁可(不)；宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成：would rather.than.=would.rather than.。5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。六、既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。see,watch,hear等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做过(经常做）某事 see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事hear sb. do sth.听到某人做过（经常做）某事 hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事巩固练习：1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)练习：1. Im thirsty. Will you get me something _? A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating2. It was great fun _ a picnic on the hill. A. to have B. of having C. have D. had3. Its bad for your eyes _ computer games for a long time. A. plays B. to play C. play D. played4. -Do you often hear John _ in his room? -Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room. A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5. Why not _? A. let him to go home B. to let him go home C. let him go home D. to let him to go home6. They were made _ fourteen hours a day. A. work B. working C. worked D. to work7. Is it always easier _ friends than to keep them? A. making B. make C. to make D. made8. It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday. A. took; to work out B. takes; worked out C. has taken; work out D. is taking; working out9. When you leave, dont forget _ off the light. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned10. Who do you think youd like _? A. to make friends B. make friends C. to make friends with D. make friends with11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he tries _ it too often. A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat12. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming this Sunday? -This Sunday? I am sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done13. Sally had no pen _ yesterday morning. A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with14. John asked David how _ Christmas. A. celebrating B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate15. We all considered Mr Zhao _ teacher. A. be the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best16. Its very kind _ you to _ me _ the heavy bag. A. for; tell; to take B. of; thank; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry17. Have you decided _? A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C. whom go with D. with whom to go18. Her hope _ a gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games. A. to win B. is to win C. winning D. will win19. The meeting room is big enough _ one hundred people. A. holding B. hold C. to hold D. holds20. Would you please pass me the knife _? A. to cut the watermelon with B. to cut the watermelon C. cutting the watermelon D. cutting the watermelon with21. It is better to teach a man to fish than _ him fish. A. giving B. to give C. gives D. gave22. The policeman warned the young man_ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive23. What do you think is the best way _the wild animals? A. protecting B. to protect C. protected D. protect24. Id rather _ on the land _ in a factory. A. work; than work B. work; work C. to work; than to work D. to work; to work25. My grandfather is used _ a hat in winter. A. to wear B. for wearing C. wearing D. to wearing26. Im sorry _ you enough help. A. have given B. of not giving C. not to have given D. to have given27. Some students from Grade 9 _ do some _ for the old. A. volunteered to; clean B. volunteered; cleaning C. volunteered to; cleaning D. volunteered; clean28. The young