直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习(附答案).doc

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习一 讲解：在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点：1 引导词（连词） 如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that, that没有实际意义，口语或非正式文体中常省略 e.g He said, “My mother is a doctor.” He said (that) his mother was a doctor. 如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。不能省略e.g “Are you English?” He asked meHe asked me if I was English. 如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：what when where which who how等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg “How old are you ?” He asked meHe asked me how old I was.二 间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即 “引导词+主语+谓语），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does) e.g.She asked, “What does he want?”She asked what he wanted.He asked me ,“Do you like English?” He asked me if I liked English.三 时态的变化：1. 如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg: He asked me, “Do you have a dictionary?”He asked me if I had a dictionary. She asked, “What is Tom doing? She asked what Tom was doing. She said ,“I will leave a message on his desk.”She said that she would leave a message on his desk.2. 如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾语从句一律使用现在时。eg: The teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun He said, “ Light travels faster than sound. ”He said that light travels faster than sound.四人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本第99页的表格。五练习：选择填空。( )1.He said that he _speak a little English when he was five. A is able toB able C could D can( )2.Please tell me where _have our picnic tomorrow。 A we will B will we C you are D will you( )3.Did you hear_ clearly? A what he said B what he says C what did he say D how did he said( )4.He wanted to know why _up late. A did she get B she got C does she get D she gets( )5.Could you tell me _from your house to the factory? A how far it is B it is how far C how far it was D how far is it( )6.Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow? A rain B will rain C raining D rains( )7.Tom asked me _ English. A if I likes B if I liked C that I like D that I liked( )8.Our teacher told us the earth _around the sun. A goes B go C went D going( )9.Do you remember what_ when I came in?A Tom is doing B Tom was doing C is Tom doing D was Tom doing( )10.He asked how many pictures_。 A did they draw B do they draw C they will draw D they would draw( )11.They asked if the teacher _them some songs the next week. A would teach B had taught C will teach D taught( )12.He asked me if I _in Shanghai.A live B lived C is living D will live句型转换。 1. I dont know what to say. I dont know _ _ _ _.2. “Whats your favorite color” she asked me. She asked me what _ favorite color _.3. “What are you doing?” Jim asked me. Jim asked me _ _ _ _.4 Tom said to me, “You are a good student.”Tom told me _ _ _ a good student.5 He said , “I will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.”He said that he _ _ to the Great Wall _ _ _.6 “Do you like playing football.” She asked me.She asked me _ _ _ playing football.7 “I cant work out this math problem.” Tom said.Tom said that _ _ work out _ math problem.8 He asked Jim, “ Where does your pen pal come from?” He asked Jim _ _ pen pal _ from.9. Mary asked Gina, “ Are you ill?” Mary asked Gina _ _ _ ill.10. Tom said to me , “Pass the ball to me.” Tom _me _ _ the ball to _. 四、专项练习1. The new comer asked the librarian _ he could take the book out of the library.A. if B. when C. what D. which2. Did you ask me who _ next day?A. will come B. came C. comes D. would come3. Mike didnt tell us _ he was leaving that day. I know. By air.A. when B. how C. why D. whether4. Hurry to the safety! What? You ordered us _ to the safety.A. hurry B. hurrying C. hurried D. to hurry5. What does it say? It says that it _ from 8 to 10. A. is open B. opened C. is close D. closed(一) 用所给词的正确形式填空。1. Tom looks _. (sleep) Why? He worked too late yesterday.2. Lets check up whether our _ is ok. (record) 3. The travel agency has made an _ plan for us. ( excite)4. His little girl hasnt come back yet so he is _ about her. (worry)5. They didnt give any _ until we asked lawyers for some help. (explain)6. Nobody trusts him. We know he hasnt told the _. (true)7. She feels _ if someone misunderstands her.( happy)8. Do you think Pirates of Caribbean is an _ movie? (enjoy)9. It is _ for young children to talk with strangers. (danger)(二) 填入适当的词组完成句子。1. ask 1) Stop! Dont _ troubles. 2) His parents are always _ his study. 2. agree 1) I am afraid I cant _ her. 2) Do you think he will_ take part in our volunteer activity? 3) After a serious discussion, they _a new price for cars. 3. arrive 1) I will call you back as soon as I _ Tokyo.2) After many hours talk, the committee _ a decision.4. allow All the students are not _ bring MP4 here.5. add 1) Id like to _ something important _ your plan. 2) How much is the cost? Including meals it will _ to $120 per day. (三) 根据中文提示，完成句子。1. 我不明白为什么他从未谈到过他的家人。 I wonder why he has never _ _ _ _.2. 我过去怕蛇。 I used to _ _ _ _ .3. 他告诉我他祖父经常一个人去旅游。 He told me his grandpa often went _ _.4. 我认为他不会记得曾经给过我微笑。 I dont think he could _ _ _ _.5. Tom什么也没说，就离开了房间。 Tom left away from the room, _ _ _.6. 当我经过她房间时，听见她在弹钢琴。 As I passed her room, I _ _ _ _ _.7. 在我13岁时，我妈妈送给我一个重要的礼物。 When I was 13 years old, my mother _ _ _ _ _.8. 她甜美的微笑能让我感到快乐，温暖和自信。 Her sweet smile can _ _ _ , _ and confident.9. 你知道那边发生什么事了？ 这么吵! Do you know _ _ _ _. It is too noisy.10. 他要求每个人都要带雨衣。He asked everyone _ _ _ _.（答案：.1-6 CAABAB 7-12 BABDAB .1 what I should say 2. my was 3. what I was doing 4. that I was 5. would go the next/following day6. if I liked 7. he couldnt that 8. where his came 9. if she was 10. told to pass him答案： 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A(一)1. sleepy 2. recording 3. exciting 4. worried 5. explanation 6. truth7. unhappy8. enjoyable9. dangerous(二)1. 1) ask for 2) asking about 2. 1) agree to 2) agree to 3) agreed on 3. 1) arrive 2) arrived at 4. allowed to 5. 1) add to 2) add up(三)1. 我不明白为什么他从未谈到过他的家人。 I wonder why he has never talk