动词过去式过去分词的不规则变化.doc

一、过去式和过去分词相同。A-B-B型动词原形过 去 式过 去 分 词意 思1. bring2. build3. burn 4. buy5. catch6. dig7. feel8. fight9. find10. get11. hang12. have 13. hear14. hold15. keep16. learn17. leave18. lend19. lose20. make21. mean22. meet23. pay24. say25. sell26. send27. shine28. sitbroughtbuiltburnt (burned)boughtcaughtdugfeltfoughtfoundgothunghangedhadheardheldkeptlearnt (learned)leftlentlostmademeantmetpaidsaidsoldsentshone (shined) satbroughtbuiltburnt (burned)boughtcaughtdugfeltfoughtfoundgothunghangedhadheardheldkeptlearnt (learned)leftlentlostmademeantmetpaidsaidsoldsentshone (shined)sat带来建燃烧买抓挖感觉打架发现得到挂（衣）绞死（上吊）有听到握保持学习离开借出丢失制造意思是遇到付款说卖送发光坐29. sleep30. smell31. spend32. stand33. sweep34. teach35. tell36. think37. understand38. winsleptsmelt (smelled)spentstoodswepttaughttoldthoughtunderstoodwonsleptsmelt (smelled)spentstoodswepttaughttoldthoughtunderstoodwon睡嗅花费站扫教告诉想理解赢二、动词的过去分词是在动词原形后面加n或en。动词原形过 去 式过 去 分 词意 思39. beat40. blow41. draw42. drive43. eat44. fall45. give46. grow47. know48. mistake49. ride50. rise51. see52. show53. take54. throw55. writebeatblewdrewdroveatefellgavegrewknewmistookroderosesawshowedtookthrewwrotebeatenblowndrawndriveneatenfallengivengrownknownmistakenriddenrisenseenshowntakenthrownwritten打吹画画驾驶吃下落给生长知道弄错乘、骑升看见出示, 表现拿走抛、掷写三、原形、过去式和过去分词相同。A-A-A型动词原形过 去 式过 去 分 词意 思56. cost 57. cut 58. hit 59. hurt60. let61. put62. read63. shutcostcuthithurtletputread shutcostcuthithurtletputread shut值(多少)钱切、割打伤害、伤痛让放读关四、原形中的i，过去式改为a，过去分词改为u。动词原形过 去 式过 去 分 词意 思64. begin65. drink66. ring67. sing68. swimbegandrankrangsangswambegundrunkrungsungswum开始饮响唱游泳五、动词的过去分词是在过去式后加n或en。动词原形过 去 式过 去 分 词意 思69. break70. choose71. forget72. speak73. wakebrokechoseforgotspokewokebrokenchosenforgottenspokenwoken打碎选择忘记讲醒 六、动词原形和过去分词相同。动词原形过 去 式过 去 分 词意 思74. become75. come76. runbecamecameranbecomecomerun成为来跑七、原形、过去式和过去分词都不同。A-B-C 型动词原形过 去 式过 去 分 词意 思77. am，is78. are79. do80. fly81. go82. lie83. wearwasweredidflewwentlayworebeenbeendoneflowngonelainworn是是做飞去躺穿八、没有过去分词的。动词原形过 去 式过 去 分 词意 思84. can85. may86. shall87. willcouldmightshouldwould/能可以将要愿、要、将注意：1. bring-brought-brought; buy-bought-bought; fight-fought-fought; think-thought-thought而：catch-caught-caught; teach-taught-taught (如里本身动词中已含有字母a, 则变过去式和过去分词时，也就带上a )2. hang的两种变法区别：当“挂衣服”讲时变hung-hung:因g像挂衣服的钩；当“上吊”讲时，需要向上扔一个绳，故hanged-hanged：d 像绳一样。一）、不规则动词过去式和过去分词动词的过去式和过去分词是初中英语教学中的重点，而有些动词的不规则变化是这些重点中的难点，但这些不规则变化也不是毫无规律可循的。现将初中英语中一些常用的不规则动词变化介绍如下。 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。如： cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如： come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome 三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如： 1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如： lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如： sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held 3. 以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept。如： keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept 4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如： buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught 5. 有的以ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如： say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid 6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如： have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt 四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i为a，在过去分词中变i为u。如： 五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如： blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known 六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。如： rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten 特殊： write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten（二）、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化情况 例词 读音与说明动词原形 过去式 过去分词一般在动词原形后加-ed lookcallopenneed lookedcalledopenedneeded looked luktcalled kC:ldopened 5EupEndneeded ni:did -ed在清辅音音素后发音为t，在浊辅音后发音为d，在元音后发音也为d-ed在t、d后发音为id但fix的过去式和过去分词x不双写，为fixed.以-e结尾的动词加-d movephonehopeagree movedphonedhopedagreed moved mu:vdphoned fEundhoped hEuptagreed E5ri:d以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed studycarrytry studiedstudiedcarried studied 5stQdidcarried 5kAridtried traid以原音字母加y结尾的词，直接加-ed playenjoystay playedenjoyedstayed played pleidenjoyed in5dVCidstayed steid末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stopplanfit stoppedplannedfitted stopped stCptplanned plAndfitted 5fitid以-r音节结尾的词，双写r字母，再加-ed preferrefer preferredreferred preferred prIf:dreferred ri5fE:2) 不规则变化英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可分为五种情况。1动词原形、过去式和过去分词完全同形。例：原形 过去式 过去分词cut（切）hit（打）cast（扔）hurt（伤害）put（放）let（让）shut（关）cost（花费）set（放）rid（清除） cuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetrid cuthitcasthurtputletshutcostsetrid2过去式与过去分词完全同形。例：原形 过去式 过去分词find（找到）pay（支付）leave（离开）lend（借出）meet（遇见）keep（保持）lose（丢失）teach（教）sit（坐）lead（引导）win（赢）除） foundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon foundpaidleftlentmetkeptlosttaughtsatledwon3动词原形与过去分词同形例：原形 过去式 过去分词come（来）run（跑）become（成为） cameranbecame comerunbecome4动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式完全不同。例：原形 过去式 过去分词give（给）fly（飞）drink（喝）see（看见）go（去）know（知道）wear（穿）speak（说） gaveflewdranksawwentknewworespoke givenflowndrunkseengoneknownwornspoken5过去式和过去分词有两种形式例：原形 过去式 过去分词burn（燃烧） burnedburnt burnedburntlearn（学习） learnedlearnt learnedlearntsmell（闻） smelledsmelt smelledsmeltspell （拼写） spelledspelt spelledspeltshine （照射） shinedshone shinedshoneleap （跳） leapedleapt leapedleapt提示a. beat的过去式与原形同形：比：beat（打击） beat（过去式） beaten（过去分词）b. lie有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：lie lied, lied（说谎）lay, lain（躺，位于）c. hang 有规则变化和不规则变化两种，含义不同比：hang hanged, hanged（处绞刑）hung, hung(挂，吊)d. welcome（欢迎）一词是规则动词，不可误用为不规则动词比：welcome welcomed, welcomed（正）welcome, welcome（误）e.不要将不规则动词误用为规则动词比：hit（打） hit, hit（正）hitted, hitted（误）6 现在分词的变化规则规则 动词原形 现在分词及发音一般在动词原形词尾加-ing，-ing发音为 iN gopushplaycarry going 5EuiNpushing 5puFiNplaying pleiiNcarrying 5kAriiN以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加-ing takewriteleave taking 5teikiNwriting 5raitiNleaving 5li:viN重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果词尾只有一个辅音字母，要将该末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed stopstopfitbeginforget cutting 5kQtiNstopping 5stCpiNfitting 5fitiNbeginning bi5iniNforgetting fE5etiN以ie结尾的动词，要把ie改为y，再加-ing liedietie lying 5laiiNdying 5daiiNtying 5taiiN（三）、不规则动词过去式和过去分词归纳A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut put-put-putlet-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hitshut-shut-shut hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read 读音 /e/lie-lied-lied 说谎 lay-laid-laid 放置，下蛋lay- lain 躺下，位于，平放eg. The hens dont _eggs during such cold weather.She _ her books on the table. _B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是 :tbright-brought-brought think-thought-thought buy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caught teach - taught -taught2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。get-got-got sell-sold-sold tell-told-told3. 动词原形中i为a, sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat4. 动词原形中i为o, win-won-won shine-shone/ shined-shone / shined5. 动词原形中an为oo, stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood6. 动词原形中的ay为ai, say-said-said pay-paid-paid7. a）动词原形中的d为t, send-sent-sent lend-lent-lentspend-spent-spent build-built-builtb ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , smell-smelt-smelt lose-lost-lostc ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant 读音/e/d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/feel-felt-felt sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-sweptkeep- kept- kept其它meet-met-met have-had-had hold-held-heldmake-made-made dig-dug-dug hear-heard-heardfind-found-found hang-hung -hungC.原型与过去分词相同come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-becomeD. 原形，过去式， 和 过去分词完全不同1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词begin - began -begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rungswim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-knownthrow - threw - thrown fly -flew /flu:/ -flown ( 和以上相似)3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen write-wrote-written (双写t )ride-rode-ridden (双写d )b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen break-broke-brokenc ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词 wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgotten （双写t，加en ）d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词eat-ate-eaten beat- beat - beaten fall-fell-fallengive-gave-given see-saw-seen take-took-takenmistake- mistook- mistaken hide-hid-hidden （双写d ）E. 没有过去分词的动词can - could may- might shall- should will - would 其它am, is - was- been are-were- been do-did- donedraw-drew- drawn : go-went- gone show-showed-shownwear- wore - worn不规则动词的过去式不规则动词的过去式是同学们学习的重点，也是一个难点。同学们应通过不规则动词的动词原形和它们的过去式找出其变化规律，总结如下：1. 把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变如：becomebecame, comecame2把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam ，sinksank，3把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，shineshone，winwon，writewrote4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot5动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept6. 动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood7改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed）8动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：breakbroke，speakspoke9动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，telltold10以ought和aught结尾，且读音是 :t的过去式。如：bringbrought，buybought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould12在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearhi heardh :d， sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment， dreamdreamt dremt13动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：cutcut, hithit, hurthurt, letlet，mustmust，putput，readreadred，setset14. 动词的过去式有两种形式。如： dreamdreamed/ dreamt learnlearnt/ learned shineshone/ shinedsmellsmelt/ smelled wakewoke/ waked15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have has had，hidehid，holdheld，laylaid，leaveleft，lielay，loselost，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw， smellsmelt，taketook，wakewoke，wearwore经过这么一指点，相信大家很快就能把它们记下来，并且一定会有事半功倍的效果动词过去式、过去分词不规则变化AB型can could shall shouldwill would may mightAAA型cost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hithurt hurt hurtlet let letmust must mustput put putset set setshut shut shutread read readAAB型beat beat beatenABA型become became becomecome came comerun ran runABB型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtthink thought thoughtcatch caught caughtteach taught taughtbuild built builtlend lent lentsend sent sentspend spent spentdig dug dughang hung hungfeel felt feltkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptsweep swept sweptleave left leftsmell smelt smeltspill spilt spiltlay laid laidpay paid paidsay said saidsell sold soldtell told toldsit sat satspit spat spatstand stood stoodunderstand understood understoodlearn learnt learntmean meant meants