人教版必修1一unit4知识梳理解析及随堂练习(含答案).doc

Book1 unit4一、fast reading Structure of the news report :1.Clue ( 线索 ) of the story: Time order: Beforeduringafter the earthquake找出每段的中心Para.1 Some strange things happened before the earthquake.Para.2 The world was at an end. The earthquake hit the city.Para.3 The damage of the city in the earthquakePara.4 The rescue to the city2.分段并概括Para.1 Strange things were happening before the earthquake, but no one took any notice of them. Part2-3. The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan and shocked the people very much. part 4. The army came to help the survivors（生还者）,bringing hope for a new life. 二、Careful reading 1.What happened before the earthquake?Walls of the wells_had deep cracChickens and pigs_were too nervous to eatMice ran out of the fields looking for places to hideFish jumped out of bowls and ponds Sound and lights_ were heard and seen Water pipes cracked and burst2.Fill in the blanksMain IdeaDetailssigns beforeEarthquake Para.11._ things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei.2.The water in the wells _ and _. 3.A _ gas came out of the cracks.4.The chickens and pigs were too _to _.5.Fish _out of the bowls and ponds.6.Mice _ out of the fields.7.At _ am on July 28, 1976, people saw _ _ in the sky.Damage caused byearthquakePara. 2-31.At _ am, the _ earthquake of the 20th century began .2._ burst from holes in the ground.3.Hard hills of the rock became rivers of _.4._ covered the ground like red autumn leaves.5. Two _ and most of the bridges fell.6. The railway tracks were now _pieces of _.7._ now filled the wells instead of water.8.Water,food,and _ were hard to get.3.Para. 2-3 Data(数据)1. of the nation felt the earthquake .2.A huge crack that was kilometres long and metres wide cut across houses.3.In terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 4. of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.5.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than .6.All of the citys hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone.4.Fill in the blank with proper words There was a big _ in Tangshan in 1976. Before the earthquake, the water in the village wells _ and fell. The animals were too _ to eat. But the people didnt know about it. At 3:42 am, everything began to shake. In fifteen terrible seconds, the large city lay in_. More than _ people were killed or injured. Then later that afternoon, _big earthquake shook Tangshan . But all hope was not _,because soldiers came to help those_. 1.答案：Strange; rose; fell; smelly; nervous; eat; jumped; ran; 3:00; bright; lights2.答案：3:42； greatest；Steam；dirt；Bricks；dams；useless；steel；Sand；electricity3.答案：1/3；8；30；15；2/3；400,000；75%；90%4.答案：earthquake；rose；nervous；ruins；400,000；another；lost；survivors5.True ( T )or false( F ) statement :1. Two-thirds of the nation felt the earthquake. ( )2. All the people in Tangshan were dead or injured during the earthquake. ( )3.All of the citys hospitals, factories, buildings and homes were damaged in the earthquake.( )4.After the second earthquake, everyone including the rescue workers and doctors were died ( )5. Later that afternoon, a terrible earthquake shook Tangshan again. ( )6. People slept outdoors after the earthquake.( )6.Choose the best answer.(1)What is the mood of this passage?A.Sad. B.Serious. C.Serious and a bit sad. D.Calm (2)What can be inferred form the passage?A.If mice run out of the fields looking for places to hide,there must be an earthquake.B.If some natural signs had not been ignored,all the people in Tangshan city might have had a chance to survive.C.There wouldnt have been such a great earthquake,if people had paid enough atten-tion to some natural signs.D.If some natural signs had not been ignored,more people might have had a chance to survive.(3)Which of the following statements can not be part of the main reasons for the heavy loss of life in Tangshan earthquake?A.The earthquake happened in the deep night and people were sleeping in bed at the very movement.B.There werent enough rescue workers.C.The buildings were poorly constructed and most of them were destroyed in the earth-quake.D.People were not careful enough to notice some natural signs before the earthquake.三.课文全解全析Language points 1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.假设你的家开始晃动,你必须立刻离开 imagine:想象 imagine doing sth. ; E.g.He often imagines flying in the sky.shake :摇动 shake hands E.g. I felt the earth is shaking.right away=at once=in no time 立刻，马上 E.g.You must live right away.你应该马上离开2. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.三天来,村子的水井中的水位升升落落不停.rise (rose,risen) vi.升起, 起身, 高耸, 增长, 上升 n.上升, 增加, 上涨, 发生, 出现rise against反抗 They all rose against the king*rise和raise的区别：rise vi. 指继续上升，常用于日，月，云，雾，烟， 物价，温度，河水，潮水及人的职位等。raise vt. 表示举起，提出，提升，提高（例如水平等级，程度等）种植，饲养，用作“举起” 时，往往有使物体达到应有的高度的含义可用于具体或抽象的事物。e.g. 1）Everyone knows the sun _in the east.2) The peoples living standard has greatly been_.3) They can _ rice here.4) Her temperature is still_.5) He _a family in that village.6) The builders _the ceiling by six inches. 建筑工人把天花板升高了六英寸7) The price of bread has 1.rises; 2.raised ; 3. Raise 4. Rising 5.raises 6 raised . 7. risen 3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide句中looking for.是现在分词短语作状语。现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作。练习：David 变坐在沙发上边听音乐（David sat on the sofa listening to the music）4.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农民们注意到水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝。一股臭气从裂缝里冒出。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。典例体验 Too nervous toreply,he stared at the floor. 他眼睛盯着地面，紧张得答不上来。It is never too late to give up our prejudice 抛弃偏见永远也不会太晚。 归纳总结too nervous to eat意思为“ 太紧张而不能吃东西 ”。其中的too.to.结构，表示“太以致于不”。关于too.to.句式的用法：（1）too.to.太以致于不（2）too.to.与not或never连用时，不定式为肯定意义。not/never too.to.,意为“并不太所以能”。It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，未为晚也。（3）too.to.前面有only,but,all时，only too,but too和all too相当于very,后面的不定式也表示肯定。 E.g. Im only too pleased to help you.很荣幸能帮助你。We shall be only/but too delighted to have you with us.能和你们在一起我们将感到非常高兴。（4）当too.to.用来修饰表示态度，情绪，倾向等的形容词（如anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing)时，不定式为肯定意义。e.g. He was too eager to know the result of his examination.他迫切想知道考试的结果。即学即用 (1)The box was (太重了，我搬不动). (2)Im (太累了，什么也想不起来) now.(3)I am (想作一次环球旅行).too heavy for me to lift ; too tired to think of anything;too eager to travel around the world5. Burst & Crack crack v. （使）裂开； n. 裂缝 burst（burst burst）爆裂; 爆发 burst into + n. 闯进E.g.Some robbers burst into that house.burst out + doing 突然做E.g.They burst out laughing/crying.=They burst into laughter/laughing.6.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual.think of 想起，考虑; think little of 不注意、不重视 ; think highly of 重视 7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins在可怕的十五秒钟内,一座大城市变为废墟.ruin n.废墟(c.n),毁灭(u.n) Vt. 使毁灭; in ruins 荒芜的,成为废墟The war brought ruin to the country战争给这个国家带来了毁灭Our plan is in ruins暴风雨摧毁了农作物辨析:hurt,injure,wound hurt受伤的一般用语,常指心灵的伤害,也可指身体的受伤或疼痛. wound指战场上的刀伤或枪伤 damage 指对物体的破坏或损坏 injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤,也可以表示 “损害名誉,伤害感情等”1.His words _her feelings.2.It _the eyes to read in the sun.3.More than 200 people were _in the car accident.4.The soldiers were _-in the battle.1. hurt 2. hurts 3. Injured 4. wounded8. It seemed as if the world was at an end 1) as if 似乎，好像 = as thoughE.g She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。2) as if 在表语从句中相当于that:E.g It seemed as if the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了。 3) seem 似乎 It seems (to sb.) that/as if.意为：（对某人来说）似乎 ，as if后边可用 虚拟 语气。seem to be/like+n.似乎，好像seem to be doing sth./to have done sth.好像正在做/已经做了某事seem (to be)+n./adj.似乎是There seems to be.好像有e.g 1. they know what theyre doing.他们好像知道他们正在做什么。2. The whole house to be empty.整座房子似乎空荡荡的。3.他们一直仿佛是要结婚似的。 they would get married. 4.我大概把书忘在家里了。 my book at home.答案1.It seems that ; 2. seemed; 3.It always seemed as if; 4.I seem to have left 注意：seem（看起来）的否定式有两种：He doesnt seem to be ill. = He seems not to be ill.练习：好像要下雨了。4）.at an end (=finished) 结束; 终结 E.g The war was at an end.at the end of 在尽头，在末 E.g Go straight and youll find the hospital at the end of the road.by the end of 直到末,到结束的时候，主句一般用完成时 E.g He had finished his great works by the end of 1980. 到1980年底, 他已完成了他的巨著。in the end 最后、终于 E.g In the end we found the house9.It was felt in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away. *主句是过去时，表示过去动作，而从句用一般现在时，表示到现在还一直存在的事实。在表示普遍真理时，也是用一般现在时。(1)Youre drinking too much . -Only at home. No one _ me but you. A. is seeing B. had seen C. sees D. saw(2)People in ancient times didnt know that the earth _ around the sun. A. turn B. turned C. is turning D. had turned （cc）*但是，若某一事实只是过去存在，现在不一定存在，则用过去时。如：I didnt know you lived in this city. *away表示空间上的隔开，也可以表示时间上的距离。e.g. (1)再有四天就到她的生日了。Her birthday is four days away (2) His village is five miles _from here. A. far B. away C. far away D. farther b10.Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.分数表达法: 分子（基数词为one）/分母（序数词用单数）eg. 1/3 one-third 分子（基数词不为one）/分母+s （序数词用复数） eg. 2/3 two-thirds; 3/5 three-fifths百分数表达法：数词+percent (%) 表示 “百分之” eg. 75% - 90% ，65% ， 分数词作主语时， 若分数所指的是可数名词，则谓语动词多用复数；eg. 80% of the trees were cut down. 若指不可数名词，谓语动词多用单数：eg. 50% of the water in the bottle has gone.填正确的be动词：More than 61% of the surface of the earth _covered by water.Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _ young请根据提示完成下列句子。1. _ (三分之一) of the students in our class _ (be) girls.2. _ (五分之三) of the soil _ (wash) away by the flood last night.3. _ (一半) of the desks in this school _ (make) in his company.4. _ (大部分的) of the lecture he made yesterday _ (be) interesting.5. _ (数万) people _ (dance) in the big square now.6. There were _ (一万) students taking part in the exam yesterday.7. _ (百分之九十) of the mountain _ (cover) by trees.答案1.One-third，are ；2. Three-fifths ；was washed 3. Half ；are made 4. Most；was5.Tens of thousands of；are dancing ；6.ten thousand ； 7.90% / 90 percent；is covered11.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子失去了父母。此处leave表示“使处于状态”，其后通常接复合宾语，即宾语加形容词、过去分词、现在分词、介词（短语）等作宾语补足语。12. Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.*everywhere 用做连词，等于wherever, no matter where,引导让步状语从句。互译:1）无论他走到哪儿,他都和朋友保持联系。Everywhere he goes,he contacts with his friends*everywhere作副词时,一般情况下都用在句尾。如： 我四处去找，但是找不到。I find everywhere, but I cant find it*everywhere 有时作名词，如：到处都似乎很安静. Everywhere seems quiet13Tens of thousands of cows never give milk again数以万计的奶牛再也不产奶了thousands of 数千计的 ; millions 数百万计的tens of thousands of 数以万计的 hundreds of thousands of 数以十万计的14Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.接着，在下午晚些时候，又一次强度几乎和第一次一样的地震在唐山爆发了。归纳总结：本句的 as strong as the first one属于“as.as”结构，两个as的词性不一样，所以它们后面所跟的结构亦不一样。第一个as是副词，所以后面跟的是形容词或副词的 原级 ，第二个as是连词，所以后面常跟名词、代词或从句。其否定形式为 not as/so.as ,意为“ 不如 ”。注意（1）第一个as是副词，如果后面接单数名词，要用“as+adj.+a/an+n.+as.”结构。John is as kind a student as me.约翰和我一样是个心地善良的学生（2）as.as用来表示倍数的结构为“A is.times as.as B”，意为“A是B的几倍”。This playground is three times as big as that one.这个操场是那个操场的三倍大。典例体验He doesnt speak English you.他的英语说得不如你流利。I got up my father did this morning.今天早上我和父亲起得一样早。as/so fluently as ； as early as即学即用（1）It is reported that the US uses energy as the whole of Europe. A.as twiceB.twice much C.twice much asD.twice as much（2）Exercise is as any other to lose unwanted weight. A.so useful a way B.as a useful wayC.as useful a way D.such a useful way15 Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟中rescue vt. 援救;营救 rescue sb from sb/sth 解放军战士从即将倒塌的房子中救出了那位老太The PLA man rescued the old lady from the falling house.trap (trapped,trapped) n.陷阱，圈套vt. 使受限制(困)于;诱骗The car was trapped in the deep snow16. All hopes was not lost.并没有丧失所有希望。= Not all hope was lost.该句为不完全否定，也可称之为部分否定。*allnot= not all , some but not all 一些,但不是全部；当not与all, every, everyone, everything, both连用时，皆表示不完全的否定。 e.g. 1）Not all the girls left.(=Only some of them left.) 2) Not all the children are noisy.(= Some of the children are not noisy.) 3）闪光的并不都是金子。Not all glitter is gold4）并不是人人都在。Not all people are here*no, none, no one, neither 表示全部的否定。*对两者以上的全部否定应用none of,其后的谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数形式，如：(1)None of us were allowed to go there. 我们二人都不准去那里。 (2)None of these reports is very helpful. 这两份报告都没有用*either表示“（两者中）任何一个”，any表示“（三者或三者以上中的）任何一个”。17. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队组织人员挖出被困者，掩埋死者。the dead意为“死者 ”。“the+形容词”常表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。Tell the meanings of the following phrases and sentences: (1)the old and the sick (2)the blind (3)the impossible (4)The rich are not always happy.18. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破坏的幸存者建了住所。是定语从句。whose homes had been destroyed关系代词whose引导定语从句时， whose在从句中充当定语，whose指人，也可指物19. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.*instead of 代替,而不是,后接名词，动词，动名词 等，但不能接句子） *instead是副词，在句中单独作状语，置于句首时，意为“相反地”(1)Judy didnt answer. _, she looked out of the taxi window. A. But B. However C. Instead D. And(2)Its me that should ask you instead of you _me. A. ask B. asked C. to ask D. asking(3)He studies in the evening instead _the day. A. / B. of C. of during D. of on ( cdb)品味构词1.利用派生法，品句填词(1)The of the island is by the unwise .(govern)(2)Do you know why the May 4th broke out?Sorry,I dont know.Because at that time my family from Beijing to Hong Kong.(move)(3)The news caused great among her friends when she told them .(excite)1.Government；governed；governor；2.Movement；moved；3.exciting；excitement；excitedly(4) useless adj. 无用的，无价值的 “less” 否定后缀， “没有的” ，“无的” 其一般的组词结构：名词+less 形容词 例如：childless 没有儿女的 ;harmless 没有害处的 ; countless 数不清的 特例：priceless 是无价的，贵重的补充词汇Dig v 挖- dig out sth. =dig sth. out 把（从）挖出来 to dig the car out of the snowshelter n. 庇护所 take for shelter In the storm I took a tree for shelter. V. shelter (from)These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.这种植物必须遮蔽，免受日光照射。 survivor n. C 幸存者 survive vt. 幸存 Few people survived the fire. 这次火灾没有几人幸免于难。To the east of 在东边,不接壤In the east of 在东边,在其里面On the east of 在东边,与其接壤1.Japan lies _ the east of China.2. Canada is _ the north of American.3. Qingdao lies _the east of Shangdong province.破坏destroye.g. .Everywhere they looked neary everything _(destroy).表示情感的动词 excite 兴奋 surprise,interest,bore,move, shock,disappoint,satisfy,(惊讶，兴趣， 乏味，感动 失望 满意）变为形容词时可加ing(指物）或加ed (指人）judge 法官 判断，判定judge by 以来判断,以来看 Dont judge a man by his clothes.judge from从看,根据可以看出. Judge from what he said, he must be an honest man.judge of 判断,评价 I am no judging of food.Prepare vt. 准备 Preparation n. prepare +n. 直接做. prepare for doing sth/ sth 为. 做准备 prepare to do sth准备去做. honor an honor personshow honor to sb 对 表示敬意 have the honor to do sth 很荣幸地in honor of /in ones honor 为 纪念，以 名义 on ones honor 以 名誉担保 自主检测 .品句填词1.The fish must go bad,for it is s .2.The two countries were separated by a c . 3.Water can be turned into s when heated.4.After the earthquake,the whole city was in r .5.An accident happened.Luckily,nobody was i . 6.There was no s in the air crash.7.The workers made great efforts to r the people who were trapped underground.8.Because of the global warming,there are more and more natural d .9.The students in our school have o many clubs for themselves.10.The air in the countryside is muc f than that in the city.答案：smelly ；canal; steam ; ruins ; injured; survivor; rescue; disasters; organized ; fresher二、 短语运用。a great number of think little of at an end right away in ruins burst into tears in honor of be trapped in out of ones reach rescuefrom1. Many fire-fighters were sent to _ the touri