高考英语 定语从句课件.ppt

定语从句 themanoverthereismike themanwhocamefirstismike youmustdoeverythingthatido 什么是定语从句 由一个句子来充当定语 修饰n pron 或整个句子 myfatherdoesmorningexerciseseveryday whichisgoodforhishealth themanwhocamefirstismike 先行词 定语从句 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 连接 指代 在从句中作句子成分 主从句 先行词 关系代词 关系词关系副词 1 关系代词引导的定语从句a关系代词that的用法aplaneisamachinethatcanfly thenoodlesthaticookedweredelicious whoisthemanthatisreadingabookoverthere thegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasjim ssister b关系代词which的用法theyplantedsometreeswhichdidn tneedmuchwater thefishwhichweboughtthismorningwerenotfresh c关系代词who whom 的用法thisistheteacherwhoteachesusenglish thisisthegirlwhomimetattheparty thisisthegirlwithwhomiwentthere that which who whom whose when where why 指物 作主语 作宾语 指人 作主语 作宾语 指物 作主语 作宾语 指人 作主语 作动词宾语 也可用who 作介词宾语 只能用whom 一般情况下 that和which可互换 themoneythat whichisinthewalletismine themoneythat whichmymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen 只能用that的情况 a thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears heisthelastpersonthatiwanttosee itisthefirstamericanmovieofthiskindthatihaveeverseen 当先行词是adj 最高级 序数词或被最高级 序数词修饰时 b youshouldhandinallthatyouhave wehaven tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou imeantheonethatyoutalkedaboutjustnow 当先行词为all much little none noone something anything nothing everything等不定代词时 总结 1 that和which指物 c thisistheverybookthatiwanttobuy thereislittleworkthatyoucando limingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteachersinourclasslimingistheonlyonethatwantstobeateacher 当先行词被theonly thevery oneof any few little no all等词修饰时 d doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout 当先行词既有人又有物时 e whichisthebikethatyoulost whoisthemanthatisreadingoverman 当主句已有疑问词which或who时 f thereisatableovertherethatisfoldedaway 当主句是therebe结构时 只能用which的情况a beijing whichisthecapitalofchina isaverybeautifulcity limingislateforschooleveryday whichmakeshisteacherveryangry 在非限定性定语从句中 b letmeshowyouthenovelthatiborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous 有两个定语从句 其中一个用的是that 另一个就用which c thisisthehouseinwhichheoncelived 当关系代词前有介词时 d theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime 当先行词本身就是that时 a onewhohasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth theoneswhoflattermedon tpleaseme anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized thosewhowanttogotothegreatwallsignuphere 2 that和who指人 一般情况下 that和who可互换 thewomanthat whoisspeakingatthemeetingismymother themanthat who whomhewantstoseeisinshanghai 有些情况只能用who 当先行词是one ones anyone those时 b thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou 在therebe结构中 c theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard 有两个定语从句 其中一个用的是that 另一个就用who d关系代词whose的用法 isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen iwillcallapersonwhosefatherknowsyou whichisthecarwhoseowneryouknow whose是代词的所有格 既可代人也可代物 比较 iwillcallapersonwhoknowsyou theownerofthecar whichisthecartheownerofwhichyouknow 当whose代物时 相当于 ofwhich pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred pleaseshowmethebookthecoverofwhichisred iwenttoseemyfriendsthesmiths whosechildreniusedtolookafterwhentheyweresmall whose既可引导限定性定从 也可引导非限定性定从 2 关系副词引导的定语从句a关系副词where的用法thisisthehouse iwasborninthehouse there thisisthehousewhereiwasborn where指代先行词thehouse 在从句中作地点状语 thisisthehouseinwhichiwasborn thehotelwherewestayedwasn tclean thehouseatwhichwestayedwasn tclean where 介词 which b关系副词when的用法hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp 在从句中代替atatime 作时间状语 hecameatatimeatwhichweneededhelp iwillneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm duringwhich doyouremembertheafternoonwhenwefirstmetthreeyearsago onwhich when 介词 which c关系副词why的用法ididn tgetapayrise butthiswasn tthereasonwhyileft forwhich thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedtheclass forwhich thereasonwhy thati mcallingyouistoinviteyoutoaparty thereasonisthatiwanttoinviteyoutoaparty why 介词 which 在从句中作原因状语 3 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的区别 只要在定语从句中担任状语的 就是关系副词 thisisthehousewhereiworked2yearsago thisisthehousethat whichivisited 句 用where 因为它在从句中作状语 表示there inthehouse iwillneverforgetthedaywhenijoinedthearmy iwillneverforgetthedaythat whichwespenttogether 句 用that which 因为它在句中作宾语 1 chan srestaurantonbakerstreet usedtobepoorlyrun isnowasuccessfulbusiness a thatb whichc whod where2 byservingothers apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself canbeveryeye openingandrewarding a whob whichc whatd that3 hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival wasbeyondhiswildestdream a whichb thatc whered it4 weshouldn tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople mostof arehealthy a thatb whichc whatd whom5 lastweek onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse wantedtobuyit a noneofthemb bothofthemc noneofwhomd neitherofwhom b b a d d 6 theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood wasmorethanwecouldexpect a itb whatc whichd that7 thesciencemuseum wevisitedduringarecenttriptobritain isoneoflondon stouristattractions a whichb whatc thatd where8 amoderncityhasbeensetupin wasawastelandtenyearsago a whatb whichc thatd where9 georgeorwell wasericarthur wrotemanypolitynovelsandessays a therealnameb whathisrealnamec hisrealnamed whoserealname10 astorygoes elizabethiofenglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt a whenb wherec whatd that c a a d d 8in是介词 因此空白处引导宾从 而该词在句中作主语 的地方 that引导宾从时是连词 无意义 10that引导的是story的同位语从句 从句去掉that后意义 成分都完整 that只起连接作用 11 luckily we dboughtaroadmapwithout wewouldhavelostourway a itb thatc thisd which12 doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself yes there sonepoint wemustinsiston a whyb wherec howd 13 women drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose don t a who b whoc who whod 14 helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers ofcourse madetheothersenvyhim a whob thatc whatd which15 thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers shehadwipedherhands a whereb whichc whend that d d c d a 4 as引导的定语从句as作为关系代词和关系副词都可以引导定语从句asuch as 像 那样的thesame as 和 一样的 wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory suchpeopleasyoudescribeareshortnowadays as在从句中作主语 as在从句中作宾语 thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof as在从句中作宾语 b suchas 先行词 这样的人或物 thisbookisnotsuchasiexpect as在从句中作宾语 hetoldmeofhisexperiencesuchasihadneverhadbefore 3 as引导的非限制性定从 theteacherisfrombeijing as whichtheyknowfromhisaccent aseverybodycansee greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchina as引导的非限定性定从可放在句首 句尾 而which引导的只能放在主句之后 5 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句theboywaspaid100dollarsforcleaningthewindows mostofwhichhadnotbeencleanedforyears wereceivedalargenumberofvisitors someofwhomareveryoldpeople thecompanynowhasmorethan100employees halfofwhomarewomen theyhavefourchildren theyoungestofwhomisaboy wegotthepartyatseven bywhichtimetheyhadenjoyedthemselvesfortwohours heisthemanfromwhosehousethepicturewasstolen a 代词 数量词 adj 最高级 of 关系代词 b prep 关系代词 n andbythattime andhishouse therewasnopeopleinthestreettowhomshecouldturnforhelp 这就是你要的那本书 thisisthebookyouasked atthestationwemetakind heartedman withthehelpofwhomweeasilyfoundthehotel c prep 关系代词 根据定从的谓语选择适合的prep forwhich 动词短语不能拆开 如 lookfor lookforwardto takecareof等 therearefiftypatientsnow whomwemusttakecareof d 介词短语 关系代词 withwhosehelp 介词的选用原则1 根据定从中谓语动词的习惯搭配来选介词thisisthebookwhichispent8yuan thisisthebookwhichipaid8yuan 2 根据先行词的搭配习惯来选介词irememberthedaywhichijoinedtheparty irememberthedayswhichilivedhere irememberthemonthwhichistayedthere 3 介词可后移 关系代词可省略thepersontowhomyouwillwriteismr white thepersonwhomyouwillwritetoismr white 4 介词后若有关系代词 不用that或who 只能用which或whomtheplaceinwhichiwillarriveisparis doyouknowthegirltowhomiintroducedmary 5 定语从句中的谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时 thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter on for on during in that who 不填 1 occasionsarerareihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids awhobwhichcwhydwhen2 alltheneighborsadmirethisfamilytheparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend awhybwherecwhichdwhat3 iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance ahowbwhichcwheredthat4 thebookwaswrittenin1946 theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges awhenbduringwhichcsincethendsincewhen5 aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo athatbwhatcwhichdwhere6 hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool hewenttobeijinguniversity aafterwhichbafterthatcinwhichdinthat d b c d d a 7 today wewilldiscussanumberofcasesbeginners