推理判断阅读题.doc

阅读理解专项训练四判断推理题做判断推理题要牢记三点：理解事实；分析事实；作出决定。一、常用的关键提问词有infer, imply, suggest，conclude，show，support，assume, know，learn，draw a conclusion from等。比如： 1. The passage is intended to _. 2. The passage implies that _. 3. It can be inferred from the passage/text that _. 4. It can be concluded from the passage that _. 5. The author suggests that _. 6. From the last paragraph we know that _. 7. In the paragraph following this one, we may expect the author to discuss _. 8. The passage is most likely to be taken from_. 9. The passage is most likely a part of_.二、推理判断题一般分为三类： 1) 局部推理题：即考查对于文章细节内容的判断能力，如上文所说，其对应的内容可以是文章的一句话或几句话、抑或是一两个段落，是相对比较容易快速定位的推理题，题干中经常包含了以下一些词汇，如the author believes that, the author implies that等。 2) 全文推理题：这种题型一般不是考查对于全文中心思想的推理，同样也是考查对细节的推理，只不过是这些细节散布在文章的各个角落，需要考生进行全面的归纳，同时题干中也经常包含了以下词汇， 如we can learn from the passage that, we can imply from the text that等。 3) 推测文章来源：问何种题材，体裁；文章可能选自何种专著等。这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处： A.报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。 B.广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。 C.产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。 三、推理判断题正确答案选项的特点1、当四个选项全能凭常识判断或者都符合题目意思的时候，意义最丰富的那个选项往往是正确答案；或四个选项中惟一一个不是常识项的是答案。2、正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，不会用绝对词汇，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, relatively, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably, be likely to等。四、推理判断题干扰答案选项的特点1、选项中意思虽然与原文相符，但是只是涉及一些细枝末节，不符合题干。2、选项中出现表示绝对意义的词汇，如all, never, none, absolutely, everything, anything, nothing等一般不是答案。3、选项内容符合常识判断，但是却无法通过文章的内容推导出来。4、选项内容与原文无关。5、选项对文章内容作了张冠李戴的处理。6、选项对文章内容作了偷换概念的处理，使用了与文章一样的词汇但是却改变了其含义。7、选项将原文的逻辑关系因果颠倒：原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，或反之；8、选项是对原文内容的简单重复，不是推理得出的结论。9、选项的内容纯属主观臆断得出的结论，文章根本没有提及。五、巩固练习(A)One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.”“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”1. The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects (B)When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldnt understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying. So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying.Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or suffering -can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problem and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its natural- and healthy- emotional response. 2. It can be inferred from the text that _.A. there are two ways to keep healthy B. crying does more good to health than laughingC. crying and laughing play the same rolesD. emotional health has a close relationship to physical health(C)Daylight saving time (DST) has been introduced this summer This year DST began on May 4. But next year, “Summer Time” will begin on the first Sunday in April. Clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, May 4 so that 2:00 AM became 3:00 AM. They should turn back one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, September 14. The new time is expected to save one and a half billion kilowatt hours（千瓦小时 ）of electricity per year across the country. The new system could also help people form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early, thus raising their work and study efficiency (效率). During the DST period, the actual departure (发车) time of trains remains unchanged, but their schedules have been set one hour late.3. According to the passage, we know that _ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year. A. in 132 days B. in 133 days C. in 134 days D. in 4 months (D)The male and female mosquitoes make an odd couple. The female is a vampire(吸血鬼) and lives on blood. The male is a vegetarian(素食者) that sips nectar and plant juices. Females of different species choose different hosts on which to dine. Some feed exclusively on cattle, horses, birds and other warm-blooded creatures. Some favor cold-blooded animals. Still others prefer man. While the females menu varies, her bite remains the same. She drives her sharp, tubular snout through the skin, injects a fluid to deep the blood from clothing, and drinks her fill, which takes a minute or less. It is the fluid she injects that carries disease. After her blood meal, she rests while her eggs develop. She then looks for a moist (潮湿的)or flooded place to lay them. 4. It can be concluded from the paragraph that the male mosquito is _. A. dangerous B. relatively harmlessC. irritating(气人的) D. openly aggressive 5. Female mosquitoes _. A. are a threat to most forms of living creatures B. cannot be controlled effectively C. offer important services to mankind D. are a necessary element in the balance of the nature 6. Which of the following are natural breeding(繁殖) places for mosquitoes? _ A. high, dry terrain (地带) B. rivers and oceans C. damp, swampy(沼泽多的) area D. mountain forests (E)What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane(行车道) system, in which certain lane is reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications(修改) to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity. 7. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways_. A. are being planned B. are being modified C. are now in wide use D. are under construction(F)Mrs. Harris, an elderly patient in a nursing home, sat all day in a chair. She did nothing else. She required complete physical care, even feeding. No one seemed to realize that she was partially deaf and blind. One day, a young doctor observed cataracts (白内障) in both her eyes. He discovered that if he spoke in her ear, she seemed to respond. One eye was operated on, and when it was first uncovered, the old woman cried with joy. Her recovery was quick, and she soon became quite independent. She started feeding herself and took to smiling and talking with others. The change in her attitude was amazing. Not only did she require less nursing care, but she was also able to help other patients. She was again able to see and with this, seemed to experience some hearing recovery. 8. The regular attendants of the nursing home were most probably _. A. overworked to the point of exhaustion B. indifferent(漠不关心的) to the needs of the patients C. unaware of Mrs. Harris real problem D. highly trained medical experts 9. It can be reasonably inferred from this paragraph that _. A. a persons state of health affects his outlook on life B. nursing homes are staffed with unqualified attendants C. an elderly person should be cared for by his family D. state governments should supervise nursing homes closely 10. Evidence suggests that the young doctor was _. A. unusual B. alert C. independent D. casual (G)Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. “To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.” For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.” 11. It can be inferred from the directions that this medicine_. A. helps you to fall asleep quickly B. may be dangerous to small children C. cannot be taken if one feels sleepy D. shouldnt be taken by children under six 12. This text is most probably taken from a_. A. textbook B. newsreel(新闻影片) C. doctoers notebook D. bottle of medicine (H)(2008天津卷)Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishierthe shark(鲨鱼).Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms. Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on sharks ability to sense pressure. If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather. It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system. At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfishnone of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts. She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. 13. The passage is most probably taken from _. A. a short-story collection B. a popular science magazine C. a research paper D. a personal diary判断推理题答案1.解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋