选修六 Grammer.ppt

1 Unit5Thepowerofnature 2 现在分词作状语 3 1 Thisisaninterestingbook zxxk 定语 4 2 Thewomansittingbythewindowisourmathsteacher 定语 3 Seeingthebird thebearsuddenlystoodup 状语 5 4 Isawthemanwalkingonthestreetyesterday 宾补 5 Playingfootballishisfavoritesport 主语 6 6 Ididn tstopworkinglastnight 7 MyworkisteachingEnglish 宾语 表语 7 动词 ing是动词非谓语形式中的一种 单独使用时 能在句中做除 之外的任何其他句子成分 如 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补等 谓语 8 9 Lookingcarefullyattheground Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready Ididn ttakemuchnotice 10 Lookingcarefullyattheground I HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready I The ingformisusedasanadverbial Theconstructionhaving p p isusedtorefertoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimethatexpressedbythemainverb 11 Lookingcarefullyattheground Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready Ididn ttakemuchnotice The ingformusedasanadverbial Having pastparticiple theperfect ingform referringtoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbymainverb 12 ing分词的构成 ing分词是由动词原形加词尾 ing构成 表示与主语主动关系 ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化 通常有下表几种形式 以do为例 13 ing分词的一般式和完成式 ing分词的一般式的动作表示和后面句子的动作是同时进行的动作 完成式的动作是先于后面句子的动作发生 如 Beingastudent hewasinterestedinbooks 作为一个学生 他对书本很感兴趣 Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard hefailedtheexaminations 因为没有努力学习功课 他考试不及格 14 The ingformastheAdverbial V ing作状语时表示动作是主语动作的一部分 与谓语表示的动作或状态同时或几乎同时发生的 或是先于谓语动词发生 它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致 V ing作状语常表示时间 条件 原因 方式 伴随 让步 结果 多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开 Iwasfeelingtired Iwenttobedearly Iworkedhardallday Iwenttobedearly Feelingtired Iwenttobedearly Havingworkedhardallday Iwenttobedearly 15 作时间状语Walkingalongthestreet ImetMary WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet Hearingthenews theyalljumpedwithjoy 作原因状语Beingtired Istoppedtotakearest BecauseIwastired Notknowingheraddress wecouldn tgetintouchwithher 由于不知道她的地址 我们无法和她联系 听到这个消息时 他们都高兴地跳了起来 16 作条件状语Turningtotheleft youwillfindtheschool Ifyouturntheleft Ifyouworkhard you llsucceed Workinghard you llsucceed 作让步状语1 Workinghardashedid hewasstillunabletosupportthewholefamily 2 KnowingwhereIlive henevercomestoseeme ThoughheknowswhereIlive henevercomestoseeme 17 表条件 Usingyourhead youwillfindaway Ifyouuseyourhead youwillfindaway 一直往前走 你就会看到一座白色地房子 youwillseeawhitehouse Walkingahead 18 表原因状语 相当于一个原因状语从句 Beingill hedidn tgotoschool 1 ashewasill hedidn tgotoschool Beingastudent youshouldstudyhard Sinceyouareastudent youshouldstudyhard 2 既然你是一个学生 你就应该努力学习 3 由于想到他或许在家 所以我就给他打了电话 Thinkinghemightbeathome Icalledhim AsIthoughthemightbeathome Icalledhim 19 20 3 表方式 伴随情况的状语 作伴随状语地分词表示的动作 必须是主语的一个动作 或是与谓语所表示的动作 或状态 同时发生 或是对谓语表示的动作 或状态 作进一步地补充说明 Eg Hesatonthesofa watchingTV HesatonthesofaandwatchedTV 他们笑着谈着走进了教室 theywentintotheclassroom 他斜靠 lean 着墙站着 He thewall Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall Laughingandtalking stoodleaningagainst 21 表结果Eg Hermotherdiedin1990 leavingherwithheryoungerbrother Hermotherdiedin1990 andleftherwithheryoungerbrother 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲 使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲 Thesongissungalloverthecountry makingitthemostpopularsong 22 注意 现在分词作结果状语 多用于句尾 Herhusbanddiedin1942 leavingherwithfivechildren Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm thuscausingthedelay Hewascaughtintherain thusmakinghimselfcatchcold Ihurriedtoschool onlytofindthatitwasSunday Note 现在分词表示必然结果 前可加thus 不定式表意外的结果 前可加only 23 2 ing形式的完成式 24 1 Havingwrittentheletter Johnwenttothepostoffice 2 Seeingthebeautifulsight thechildrenfeltexcited V ing doing havingdone 表动作有先有后 表动作同时发生 25 1 himtheanswerseveraltimes Ididn tknowifhecouldunderstand 2 theanswerseveraltimes hestillcouldn tsolvethequestion Havingtold Havingbeentold havingdone 主句主语为动作的发出者 主句主语为动作的承受者 havingbeendone 26 3 咬 bythesnakeonce shefeelsfrightenedwhen 看到蛇 2 听到这个消息 wegotexcited 1 刷完牙 Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast Havingbrushedhisteeth Hearingthenews Havingbeenbitten seeing 分词短语做状语时 前面可以加上连词 如if unless when while once though etc asnake 27 arrive give spend takeandbuy 1 thewrongbus Martinfoundhimselfinanunfamiliardistrict Havingtaken 28 2 heropinionaboutprotectingtheenvironment sheleftthemeeting Havinggiven 29 3 thepreciousnecklace shehadnomoneyleft Havingbought 30 4 alldayathomewriting thenovelistwentoutforawalkintheevening Havingspent 31 5 earlyforhisdate Markspenttimereadingthenewspaper Havingarrived 32 ing分词的被动式 ing分词的被动式表示与后面句子的主语是被动关系 完成被动式 havingbeendone 如 Havingbeencriticized bytheteacher hegaveupsmoking 被老师批评以后 他把烟戒了 33 1 Whenshewokeupinthemiddleofthenightshesawherroomwasaslightasday inthemiddleofthenight shesawherroomwasaslightasday Wakingup 34 2 Afterwehadstoppedthecar wefoundourselvestrappedinthickfogandcouldn tseeclearlyahead thecar wefoundourselvestrappedinthickfogandcouldn tseeclearlyahead Havingstopped 35 3 BecauseIhadspentallnightreadingthedocuments Iwasverytiredthenextday allnightreadingthedocuments Iwasverytiredthenextday Havingspent 36 4 Asthechildhadneverseenarainbowbefore hewasveryexcited arainbowbefore hewasveryexcited Havingneverseen Sometimesadverbialclausesintroducedbywhen after as becauseandsooncanbereplacedbythe ingform 37 如果V ing表示的动作发生在句子谓语之前 则要用V ing的完成式 即是 Having P P 过去分词 主语 谓语1 Aftershehadfinishedherwork shewenthome 2 Aswehaveinvitedhimheretospeak we dbettergotohislecture V ing形式的完成式 Havingfinishedherwork shewenthome Havinginvitedhimheretospeak we dbettergotohislecture 38 3 使用 ing形式需注意的几个问题 39 使用 ing形式需注意的几个问题 1 ing作状语时 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致 如果不一致 必须用独立主格结构来表示 也就是在V ing前面加上它的逻辑主语 MywifehadatalkwithSally explainingwhyshedidn twantthechildrentoplaytogether Thetrainhavinggone wehadtowaitanotherday 2 ing的一般式和完成式都可以表示先后接连发生的动作 在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式表示先发生的动作 Havingbrushedhisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast Brushinghisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast 40 3 ing形式的否定式 41 分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not never等否定词构成 例如 Notfearingthefire thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt 小孩儿不知道怕火 用手去摸 把手指烫了 Notknowinghowtofindthesubway Iaskedapolicemanforhelp 我不知道怎样找到地铁 就去找警察帮忙 42 Note 在用分词短语作状语时 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致 如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上的主语 这种结构称为 独立主格结构 I 名词普通格 代词主格 现在分词 1 TheNightcomingon theystartedforhome 2 Thelastbushavinggone hehadtowalkhome 3 Timepermitting wearegoingtoclimbthemountaintomorrow 4 Theyaretalkingwiththeteacher theirchildrenplayingoutside 5 Itraining Iwenttoworkwithanumbrella 43 II 名词普通格 代词主格 过去分词 1 Histeafinished hewentonwithhiswork 时间 2 Hishomeworkdone hewenttowatchthegame 3 Hislegbadlyhurt hehadtobesenttohospital 原因 4 Thereportread discussionbegan 44 III 名词普通格 代词主格 being adj adv prep phrase n todo 1 Everything being ready theystartedout 2 Themeeting being over weallleftthehall 3 WuSongbeatthetigertodeath twofists being hisonlyweapon 4 Guninhand thesoldiersranupthehill 5 Herearethefirsttwovolumes thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth 45 独立成分 有些分词短语可以做独立成分 用来解释整个句子 不受句子主语的限制 常见的分词短语有 generally frankly honestly speaking supposing 假设 judgingfrom 从 判断 talkingof 谈到 speakingof 谈到 等 Generallyspeaking girlsaremorecarefulthanboys Supposingyoulose whatwillyoudo Judgingfromhisaccent hemustbefromthenorth Talkingoftravel haveyoueverbeentoBeijing 46 1 Whentheyheardaboutthevolcanotheyrandowntothevillage Rewritethesentencesusingthepresentortheperfect ingformoftheunderlinedverbs Hearingaboutthevolcano theyrandowntothevillage 2 BecauseIhadexperiencedearthquakesbefore Iwasn tfrightened Havingexperiencedearthquakesbefore Iwasn tfrightened 47 3 Afterthescientistshadstudiedtheinformation theypredictedthelavawouldflowthroughthevillage Havingstudiedtheinformation thescientistspredictedthelavawouldflowthroughthevillage 4 Whenshewokeupinthemiddleofthenightshesawherroomwasasbrightasday Wakingupinthemiddleofthenight shesawherroomwasasbrightasday 5 Assoonaswehadstoppedthecar weputonourprotectiveclothing Havingstoppedthecar weimmediatelyputonourprotectiveclothing 48 6 AsIcameoutofmyhouse Isawthevolcanoerupting Comingoutofmyhouse Isawthevolcanoerupting 7 AsIhadneverseenavolcanoeruptingbefore Iwasveryexcited Havingneverseenavolcanoeruptingbefore Iwasveryexcited 49 Consolidation Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident A toprepareB preparingC preparedD waspreparing 2 Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries itthemostpopularsportintheworld A makingB makesC madeD tomake 50 3 Can tyouread Marysaid tothenotice A angrilypointingB andpointangrilyC angrilypointedD andangrilypointing 4 areply hedecidedtowriteagain NotreceivingB ReceivingnotNothavingreceivedD Havingnotreceived 51 5 Themissingsingerwaslastseen thevoiceclosetothebridge A exercisingB tobeexercisingC exerciseD toexercise6 Thedirectorsdiscussedtheprojectthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear A carryoutB carryingoutC carriedoutD tocarryout 52 7 theclassroom thestudentswenttotheplaygroundtowatchthefootballmatch A TocleanB HavingcleanedC CleanedD Cleaning8 WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor Sorrytomissyou willcalllater A readB readsC toreadD reading9 fromwhathesaid hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar A JudgingB JudgedC TojudgeD Judge 53 10 fortheterribleaccident asthepublicthought themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo A HavingbeenblamedB ToblameC BeingtobeblameD Beingtoblame11 Wesleptwiththelight allnightlonglastnight A burntB toburnC beingburntD burning12 hermotherhadcome herfacelitup A HearingB HavingheardC WhenhearingD Whensheheard 54 Practise Theysetout forthe boy searching losingB searching lostC tosearch lostD searched losing 2 Thestudentsatthere whattodo doesn tknowingB didn tknowingC notknowD notknowing C D 55 3 Hesatthere withhisheadonhishand andthinkB thinkingC thoughtD beingthought 4 The PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere visiting addB visited addingC visiting addingD visited added B C 56 1 Thestrangersaidsomethingina voiceandthelittlegirlwasverymuch A frightening frightenedB frightened frighteningC frightening frighteningD frightened frightened Choosethebestanswer 57 2 thepiano someonesuddenlyknockedatthedoor A PlayingB WhenIwasplayingC RepairingD Examining 58 3 Mothercaughttheboy inthecorner A smokeB tosmokeC beingsmokedD smoking 59 4 theprogramme theyhavetostaythereforanother2weeks A NotcompletingB NotcompletedC NothavingcompletedD Havingnotcompleted 60 5 Wec