不定代词和不定副词.doc

不定代词和不定副词的用法总结 A. 不定代词的用法总结 英语中，不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。一般有以下几组： 1) some, any, no 2) somebody, anybody, nobody someone, anyone, no one (注意不要连写) something, anything, nothing 3) one, none 4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both 5) everybody, everyone, everything 6) many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of 1) some, any, no的用法 a. some和any通常用于表示不定数或不定量，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。some表示“几个；一些；部分”，多用于肯定句里表示肯定的意思；而any表示“一些；什么；任何；”，对用于否定句或疑问句中表示否定或疑问的意思。如： * He asked me some questions. (他问了我几个问题。) * Some of us dont like the music in this movie. (我们当中的一些人不喜欢这部电影里的音乐。) * Some of the bread has been eaten. (面包已吃了一些。) * Are there any stamps in this post office? (这个邮局里有邮票吗？) * I didnt have any cigarettes, so I went out to buy some. (我没有香烟了，所以出去买了一些。)b. 刚才我们说some一般用于肯定句而any一般用于否定句和疑问句。但有时也有例外。这要根据句子意思来看。如： * I could not answer some of his questions. (我不能回答他的某些问题。) (some用在否定句中表示“一些；部分”。如果说成：I could not answer any of his questions.意思就变了，它表示“我不能回答他的任何问题。”) * Will you get me some apples on your way back? (在你回来的路上可以给我带一些苹果吗？) (some用在疑问句中大多表示“请求” 或“建议”)* Let me know if you hear any news. (如果你有任何消息请告诉我。) (any用在条件从句中表示“任何”) * “What would you like to drink?” “Any will do.” (“你想喝什么？”“哪种都行。”) (any在这里表示“任何”) c. no在句子中作定语，表示否定，意思是“没有；不是”，它可以修饰可数名词的单数和复数形式或不可数名词。如： * There are no letters for you today. (今天没有你的信。) * I have no money at the moment. Could you lend me some? (我现在没有钱。你能借我一些吗？)2) 复合不定代词的用法 a. 不定代词some, any, no与-one, -body, -thing可以组成九个复合代词。它们是： someoneanyoneno one somebodyanybodynobody somethinganythingnothing 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。b. 因为some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句，no表示完全否定，因此由some, any, no与-one, -body组成的复合代词的用法也一样。 * Did you meet anyone on your way home? (在回家的路上你遇见什么人吗？) * I am sure someone will come to help us. (我坚信会有人来帮助我们的。) * I am a stranger. I know nobody here. (我是一个陌生人，我不认识这里的任何人。) c. 第二部分为-one和-body的复合代词只能用于表示人，它们的形式是单数形式，但有时可以用they或them指代。如： * There is someone in your office. Can you hear them talking? (你办公室里有人。你听见他们说话了吗？) (them指代someone) * No one was kinder to me at that time than Rose. (那时，没有一个人比Rose对我更好。)d. 第二部分为-thing的复合代词只能用于指物。如： * There was something wrong with the car so he had to stopped it. * Why dont you say something to me? * He looked at me and didnt say anything. * Nothing can be done to save her life. e. 这些复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。如： * Somebody important has arrived, Im sure. (important修饰somebody) * Is there anything interesting on TV tonight? (interesting修饰anything) 3) one和none的用法 none的用法我们已经在前面几讲中提过，这里就不详细说了。 不定代词one指代可数名词的单数，即可以指人，也可以指物。它的复数形式是ones。在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。如：* He is not the one who is easily cheated. (one指人) * Ive made some cakes. Would you like one of them? (one指物) * I prefer red roses to white ones. (ones指物) * Are they the ones who moved here a few days ago? (ones指人) 4) all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both a. every只有形容词的性质，在句子中作定语。常用于修饰单数的可数名词。表示“每个；各个”，还可以表示“一切”。如： * After the strong wind every flower in the garden was gone. * Every time I ring you up, your mother answers it. * I shall do my best to help you in every way. (我将尽用一切办法帮助你。) every还可以和-one, -thing, -body构成复合不定代词，即：everyone, everything, everybody。其中，everyone和everybody用于指人，意思一样，都是“每人；大家”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。everything用于指物，意思是“每件事；一切”，形式上表示单数意思上可以表示单数也可以表示复数。如： * One cant have everything. * Everything goes well with me.* The town is so small that everybody knows everybody else. 注意：在使用everyone时要注意和every one相区别。everyone是一个不定代词而every one是一个词组，前者只能指人而后者既可以指人也可以指物。请注意下列例句： * Everyone will be here except Patrick. (everyone 指人) * Every one of the children will get a gift. (every one也指人) *We played several matches against the visitors, but unluckily lost every one. (every one指物)b. each的意思是“每个；各自的”，可以指人，也可以指物。如： * I leave home at 7 a.m. each day. * On each floor there are about twenty classrooms. * Each of them has received a letter. 由于each和every的意思相近，都表示“每一个”，因此要特别注意它们的区别。each所描述的对象至少是两个数目中的每一个，而every所描述的对象至少是三个数目中的每一个；every着重强调整体的含义而each着重强调个别；every只能作形容词放于名词前而each可以作形容词、代词和副词。如： (在操场的每一边都有许多学生。) (在这两个句子中用every和each都可以) (每一个人都知道应该做什么/他的工作。) (在这两个句子中用every和each都可以) *You can see a lot of new shops on each side of the street. (因为街道只有两边因此不能用every) *Each has too coats. (each是代词不能换用every)c. other可以指人也可以指物，表示“另外的人或事物”，其后可以接单数或复数的名词；此外，other也有复数形式，是others。如： * He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor. *Some children like milk chocolate, other children prefer plain chocolate. *We should not think only of ourselves, we should think of others first. d. another的意思是“另一个；再一个；又一个”，通常只能修饰单数的名词或代词，泛指“不定数目中的另一个”。如： * They went into another room but still didnt see anyone. * Would you like to try another kind of drink? * I dont like this hat; please show me another. 注意：other和another都有“另外的”意思，要注意它们的区别。首先一般来说，两者中的“另一个”是the other，不定数目中的“另一个”是another。如： * She has a book in one hand and a pen in the other. (这里表示两只手中的另一个因此用the other) * This cup is broken. Get me another, please. 其次，other的后面可以接单数或复数的名词而another的后面只能接单数名词。如： * He has other brothers. * Where is the other shoe? * I am not very well today. Tell them I will go and see them another day. 第三，other有复数形式，泛指别人时通常不加冠词；而在表示其他的人时常常要加定冠词；而another没有复数形式。如： * Some went to the Peoples Park, others visited the zoo. * Could you tell the others that Ill be late? 5) many, much, few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of 这些词都可以用来表示数量，但它们的用法也应当注意。 a. many和much 这两个词都表示“许多；大量”，它们的比较级和最高级是more和most。它们的不同在于：many只能指代或修饰可数名词的复数，much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词。如： * I am not sure whether many people will come to the party. * “Do you any books on English grammar?” “Yes, but not many.” (这里的many指代上文的books) * Much time will be saved if you plan your work very well. (time是不可数名词，因此用much) * He didnt have much for dinner because he felt sick. (所吃的东西是不可数的因此用much指代)b. (a) few和 (a) little a few和a little是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组，它们具有名词和形容词的性质，它们的意思是“少数；少量”，都表示肯定的意思。它们的不同点是：a few指代或修饰可数名词的复数，a little指代或修饰不可数名词。如： * Only a few of the children in this village can read. (因为children是可数名词的复数因此用a few) * “How many pieces do you want?” “Just a few please.” (这里的a few指代上文的pieces。)* There was a little rain just now and the air is fresh now. (rain是不可数名词因此要用a little) * I have done only a little for you. (这里的a little指代所做的事情是不可数名词) few和little表示否定，意思是“几乎一点没有”，相当于not many或not much。和a few和a little一样，few指代或修饰可数名词的复数而little指代或修饰不可数名词指代或修饰不可数名词。如： * Few visitors enjoyed the trip to London. (few修饰的是可数名词visitors) * A lot of guests were invited but few came. (few指代上文的guests) * He did little homework that afternoon. (few修饰不可数名词homework) * There is little to be done about it. (关于这件事没有什么可做的了。) (little指代索要做的事情) few的比较级和最高级是：fewer，fewest；little的比较级和最高级是：less，least。 c. a lot of和lots of 这两个词组的意思都是“大量的；许多的”，后面既修饰能可数名词复数也能修饰不可数名词，可以代替many和much使用。如： (许多人站在那里观看篮球比赛。) a lot可以于动词之后作状语。如： * Thanks a lot. (非常感谢。) * “Do you have any English books?” “Sorry, I dont, but there are a lot