2018广州二模英语卷.docx

2018年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试（二）英 语 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AZoo MannersThe zoo is a smoke free area No balloons, balls, bikes, or roller skates allowed. Pets are not allowed- excepting guide dogs for blindStay on the pathways and do not place children on railing. Do not throw anything into the animal exhibits. Please help our conservation efforts by depositing trash and recyclables properly.Lost PersonsIf separated from your group ask any zoo employee or security guard for immediate assistance, or go directly to the Administration Building reception deskFacilities and ServicesEnjoy a delicious meal at one of our two animal-themed caf restaurants. Our Visitor Centre offers cards, books and toys so you can always remember you day at the zoo. There is also an hourly animal presentation near the Main Entrance where you can learn more about the animals, pet them and even take a picture with themZoo Exhibit GameEach animal exhibit will haven formation about the animal located there. You will get to learn about each animals habitat, their conservation status and some other quick facts. As you explore the zoo check off all the endangered animals you discover from the list below. Find them all and win a free T-shirto Mountain Gorillao Chinese Alligatoro Snow Leopardo white-winged Wood Ducko Red Pandao Giant Turtleo Koalao Tree Kangarooo Red wolfo Tiger Snakeo African Wild Dogo Giant AnteaterRoger Williams Park ZooVisitor Guide and Map1000 Elmwood A 21. How can a person get a free t-shirt at the zoo?A Follow all the zoo rules B. Visit all the zoos exhibitsC. Bring along another guest D Identify all the animals in danger.22. Where should a lost person go for help?A. Main Entrance B. Visitor CentreC. Administration Building.D Nursing Centre.23. Which of the following is allowed at the zoo?A Riding your bike B Taking your cameraC. Feeding the animals D Smoking cigarettesBI saw it first, Amy said, as she ripped the old leather wallet out of Charlies hands. Without saying a word, as if they both understood that this was a secret they didnt want to share with anyone, they slipped into the alley, where no one could see them look inside Theres got to be a million dollars here! Charlie blurted out, when they saw the pile of hundred- dollar bills. Amy, the more realistic of the two, did a quick estimate, thumbing through the wad of cash. More like thousands” she said, her voice shaking in disbelief.Theyd found the wallet in a flowerbed by the sidewalk, when Charlie dropped his cell phone while he was trying to talk and eat a slice of pepperoni pizza at the same time. Amy stuffed the wallet into her backpack and pulled Charlie along by his elbow toward her house. As they rushed toward Viceroy Avenue, they talked excitedly about what they could do with the money-buy gifts for parents and friends, get new clothes, travel to the rainforest in Costa Rica, and adopt a whale. It looked like all of their dreams would come true. For the last block, however, they didnt talk. Each began to suspect that the other one was silently adding to the list of things they could buy. They finally reached Amy s house, but instead of going inside, they walked around the house to the back porch. They opened the wallet and counted the money into piles of ten. The total wasS2400- more money than either of them had ever seen. Then they both started talking at once. I wonder who lost it Their moods shifted, sinking from the high of being rich for fifteen minutes to resigning themselves to what they must do next. For in the wallets clear plastic compartment, there was a drivers license. They knew what they had to do. Although they would lose their newly-found treasure, in a way, they felt relieved.24. Where did Amy and Charlie find the wallet?A. In an alley B In a backpackC. Among some flowers D On the sidewalk25. In paragraph 2, why was Amys voice shaking?A. She was afraid that they would be seen by othersB. She was disappointed there wasnt a million dollarsC. She was fearful that Charlie would tell someone elseD. She felt nervous because shed never seen so much money26. On their way to Amys house, the childrens mood changed fromA excited to suspicious B. happy to angryC relieved to worried D. nervous to disappointed27. What did the children decide to do at the end of the story?A. To keep the money a secret from othersB. To return the wallet to its rightful ownerC. To put the wallet back where they found it.D. To buy many different things with the money.CAn article published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature sheds new light on an important, but up-to-now little appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article Professors Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that being able to run was the necessary condition for the development of our species which enabled us to come down from the trees. This challenges traditional scientific thinking, which claims that the distinctive, upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking. Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or deer. However, this is only true if we consider running at high speed, especially over short distances. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well. They can keep a steady pace for many kilometres, and their overall speed is at least the same as that of horses or dogsBramble and Lieberman examined 26 physical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament(项韧带). When we run, this ligament prevents our head from moving back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. The nuchal ligament is not found in any other surviving primates, such as apes and monkeys. Then there are our Achilles tendons (跟腱) at the backs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bones and which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these tendons behave like springs, helping to push us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders virtually disconnected from our skulls(颅骨), a physical development which allows us to run more efficiently.But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? Perhaps it permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. What these features and facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other meat-eating animals for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today, says Lieberman. Some scientists put forward the theory that early humans chased animals for great distances in order to exhaust them before killing them.Research on the history of humans ability to move has traditionally been controversial, says Lieberman. At the very least, I believe this theory will motivate many researchers to reevaluate and further investigate how humans learned to run and walk and why we are built the way we are. 28. In paragraph 1, what do the two professors suggest about humans ability to run?A. It is an evolutionary by-product of walking.B. It helps to form peoples ability to climb trees.C. It has played an important role in human evolution.D. It has not been adequately studied by scientists before.29. What is true about the physical characteristics examined by the professors?A. Achilles tendons assist people to walk long distances.B. The human skull helps people to run more efficiently.C. peoples shoulders allow them to look from side to side.D. The nuchal ligament enables people to hold their head steady.30. According to paragraph 3, scientists believe that early humans_.A. always came across dangerous situations in lifeB. ran after animals for long distances when huntingC often failed to find food because they couldnt run fastD developed their hunting skills by running long distances31. Professor Lieberman thinks the new theory will _.A completely explain how running developedB revolutionize the theory of human evolutionC. encourage more in-depth studies on the topicD. be widely supported within the scientific communityDScientists have solved the mystery of why the overwhelming majority of mammoth fossils(化石)are male.Much like wild elephants today, young male Ice Age mammoths probably travelled around alone and more often got themselves into risky situations where they were swept into rivers, or fell through ice or into mud, lakes or sinkholes that preserved their bones for thousands of years, scientists say.Females, on the other hand, travelled in groups led by an older matriarch who knew the landscape and directed her group away from danger.Without the benefit of living in a herd led by an experienced female, male mammoths had a much higher risk of dying in natural traps such as mud holes, rock cracks and lakes, said co-author Love Dalen of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in a report published on Thursday in the journal Current Biology.The study used genetic data to determine the sex of 98 woolly mammoth fossils in Siberia Researchers found that 69% of the samples were male, a heavily unbalanced sex ratio, assuming that the sexes were fairly even at birthWe were very surprised because there was no reason to expect a sex bias in the fossil record, said first author Patricia Pecnerova, also of the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Therefore, researchers believe that something about the way they lived influenced the way they died.Most bones, tusks, and teeth from mammoths and other Ice Age animals havent survived, explained DalenIt is highly likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved because they have been buried, and thus protected from weathering.These giant, tusked plant eaters disappeared about 4,000 years ago. While there is no scientific agreement about the causes of their disappearance from the planet, most believe that climate change, excessive hunting by humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors.32. The underlined word matriarch in paragraph 3 means _.A. figure headB. female leaderC experienced animalD. mature mammoth33. Why do the majority of mammoth fossils come from male animals?A. Scientists find it easier to study male fossilised bones.B. There were more male mammoths in comparison to femalesC Male mammoths were better able to adapt to the changing circumstances.D. Male mammoths more frequently died in places where fossils could form.34. Which of the following is suggested as a reason for mammoths dying out?A. The increasing competition for food.B. The cooling of the earths temperature.C. The disappearance of male mammoths.D The risky behaviour of younger mammoths.35. What is the text type of the passage?A. A newspaper article.B. An academic essay.C. A historical description.D. A science fiction story.第二节 （共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Mary went through a personal experience 40 years ago that changed her life path and established her connection with Chinese herbal medicine.Still childless after 13 years of marriage, Mary longed to become a mother. For years she travelled from country to country and visited top experts in the field, but without success. _36_. However, her Chinese herbalist grandmother gave her hope through a herbal treatment.After three and a half years she became pregnant. _37_ The expectant mothers delight was shared by the rest of her family too. This was the point when she made up her mind to carry on her grandmothers work and devote her life to herbal medicine research, development and promotion. To this end, she invested in a large herbal garden in the suburbs of Jakarta, where more than 30,000 plants are grown. _38_.Through the application of great effort and resources over many, many years, Marys career has developed vigorously, as has her garden. _39_ When she was asked whether is was worthwhile to have devoted so much of her life to this research, she firmly responded, “What I have done is to fulfill a promise I once made. More importantly, I want to bring Chinese herbal medicine to all those in need. _40_”A. More than 7,000 of these can be used as medicines.B. The moment the news was confirmed, she burst into tears of happiness.C. I believe it can help relieve pain and enable the sick to regain their hope of life.D. Mary decided to make great contributions to the development of Chinese medicine.E. The heartbreak and disappointment was so great that she came close to giving up.F. Im so happy that the local people like to use Chinese medicine for treatment.G. Although she is now 80 years old, she is still committed to the study of Chinese herbal medicine第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑The way in which children learn is an ever-growing area of study. It is 41 that children differ from adult learners in many ways, but what is interesting is that there are also quite a number of unexpected 42 across learners of all agesFor much of the 20th century, most psychologists 43 the traditional theory that a newborns mind is a/an 44 sheet of paper upon which the record of experience is gradually impressed. During that time, scientists believed that oral 45 was necessary for abstract thought. In its 46 , scientists assumed that a baby could not have 47 of abstract concepts. As babies are born with a/an 48 range of behaviors and spend most of their early months sleeping, they certainly appear passive and 49 . Therefore, it was commonly thought that babies 50 the ability to form complex ideas. Until recently, there was no obvious way for babies to prove anything to the _51_ to the researcher In time, however, challenges to this 52 arose. It became clear that with 53 designed scientific procedures, psychologists could find ways to 54 rather complex question about how much infants and young children know and what 55 they have. Psychologists began to employ new methods to 56 a large amount of data about the remarkable abilities that young children 57 . Their research findings stood in great contrast to the earlier 58 in the field that focused almost 59 on what children lacked. The 60 of young children came to life through this research. It became clear that very young children are both competent and active when it comes to their mental development.41. A doubtful B. necessary C obvious D. surprising42. A. examples B. personalities C possibilities D. commontabilities43. A accepted B. resisted C. studied D replaced44. A. accessible B blank C. concrete D. dark45.A. agreement B. communication C. suggestion D. treatment46. A absence B. disappearance C. return D. sense47. A adaption B. burden C. comprehension D. satisfaction 48. A. averaged B. unexpected C. limited D reasonable49. A. confident B unbelievable C. lovely D. unaware50. A. learn B. require C. lack D. remember51. A contrary B good C. equal D. truth52. A. action B. proof C. problem D. view53. A automatically B carefully C. naturally D. similarly54. A. take away B. show off C. turn down D put forward55. A advantages B. abilities C feelings D. reasons56. A. collect B. mark C. restrict D support57. A. find B. process C recognize D. lose58. A. scientists B questions C. studies D. traditions59. A. entirely B highly C relatively D. slightly60. A. difference B. focus C. idea D. mind第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Throughout history, people have thought of the ocean as a diverse and limitless source of food. Yet today there is clear evidence that the oceans have a limit. Most of the big fish in our oceans are now 61 (go). One major cause is overfishing. People are taking so many fish from the sea that many species cannot replace 62 (they)For centuries, local fishermen caught only enough fish for their own and their communitys needs. However, from the early 20th century, people around the world became interested 63 consuming protein-rich foods, People began 64 (catch) large quantities of fish for profit and selling them to worldwide markets. In a very short period of time, commercial fishing 65 (great) reduced the number of large predatory fish, such as cod and tuna.Today, there are still plenty of fish in the sea, 66 theyre mostly just the little ones. Small fish, 67 include sardines and anchovies, have more than doubled in number- largely because there are not enough big fish 68 (eat) them.Such large fish 69 (be) necessary, because they hunt and kill the sick and weak smaller fish. Without this weeding out, or survival of the fittest, ecosystems become less stable. As a result, fish are less able to survive 70 (difficult) such as pollution, environmental change, or changes in the food supply.第四部分 写作（共两节 满分35