中考英语一轮复习——仁爱版八年级英语教材梳理(2013最新版).doc

仁爱版八年级英语第一部分 教材梳理篇Unit 1&考点词汇against , cheer, team , win , join , club , volleyball ,dream , grow , future , record ,gold , hour , baseball ,heart , relax , leave , ill , mind , practice , throw , myself,care1ess , chance , nothing , invent, score , side , follow ,become , however , tired , mile , instead , habit , feel ,foreign , maybe , shall , pick , hit , winner , finish ,encourage , visitor , environment , modem , ring , symbol&目标短语cheer. on 为加油quite a bit/ a lot 许多，大量play for为效力grow up 长大成人 ，成长in the future 今后give up 放弃take part in 参加，加入both.and. 两个都，既又spend. (in) doing sth. 花费(时间)做pretty well 相当好all over the world 全世界be good for 对有益keep fit 保持健康arrive in/ at 到达某地leave for 动身去某地fall ill 患病be glad to 乐意于right away 立刻，马上make ones bed 整理床铺do sb. a favor 帮助某人shout at sb. 朝某人大叫be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气do ones best 尽(某人)最大努力keep doing sth. 继续做某事tum down 关小，调低in a minute 马上，立即take a seat 坐下，就座as well 也，还有more and more 越来越(多的)instead of 代替，而不是build up 使更强壮be ready for 为准备好be able to 能够have fun 玩得高兴stand for 象征at least 至少，不少于&重点句型1. We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three on Sunday.2. I hope our team will win.3. Which sport do you prefer , cycling or rowing?I prefer rowing.4. Are you going to join the school rowing club?Yes , I am. / No , Im not.5. What are you going to be when you grow up?Im going to be a dancer.6. She spends half an hour doing exercise in the gym every day.7. They are sure that she will win.8. Michael , could you please do me a favor?Sure. What is it?9. Would you mind if I try it again?Certainly not. Please do.10. Im sorry Im late for class.Thats OK. Please take a seat.11. Thats very kind of you , but I can manage it myself.12. What do you mean by saying that?13. We are sure to win next time.14. Ill take part in the school meet.15. There will be another exciting relay race this afternoon.16. Ill be able to take part in the Olympic Games.&功能意念1. 请求允许May I come in?Yes , please.Would you mind teaching me?Not at all. /Of course not.Would you mind not putting your bike here?Sorry. Ill put it somewhere else.Would/ Do you mind if l open the window?Youd better not. /Im sorry, its not allowed.Could you please do me a favor?Sure/Certainly. Whats it?Can/Could l use your telephone?Of course , you can.2. 道歉Sorry. /Im sorry. /Excuse me , please. /I beg your pardon.Im sorry. Im late for class.Thats OK. Please take a seat.Im sorry for what I said.Its nothing.Im sorry to trouble you.Never mind.Im sorry for losing your book.Oh, it doesnt matter.3. 约会When shall we meet?Lets make it half past six.Where shall we meet?At the school gate.Will you be free this Sunday? Yeah, I think I will.Lets make it 4: 30.All right. See you then.Do you have time this afternoon?Im afraid I have no time then. /Sorry , I wont be free then. But Ill be free tomorrow.Could we meet at 4:30? Yes , Ill be free then.How about tomorrow morning?All right. See you then.&语法精粹1.掌握一般将来时be going to/will +动词原形的用法。2. 学会使用Would /Do you mind.? 的用法。&考点剖析1. I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays. 在暑假我看你几乎每天打篮球。see是感官动词，后可接不带to 的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语。即:see sb. do sth. 或see sb. doing sth. ，但两者是有区别的:不定式表示整个动作过程，而现在分词表示正在进行的动作(不管是不是全过程)。如:I saw him cross the road. 我看见他穿过了马路。(指我看到他离开这边人行道到另一边的人行道，穿过马路的整个过程。)I saw him crossing the road. 我看见他正在穿越马路。(强调看到的动作正在进行。)【链接】感官动词还有: feel , hear, listen to , look at , find , notice , watch 等。如:We often hear him sing in his garden. 我们经常听到他在花园里唱歌。Can you feel the train slowing down? 你能感觉到火车在慢下来吗?2. Which sport do you prefer , cycling or rowing? 骑车和划船，你更喜欢哪种运动?I prefer rowing. 我更喜欢划船。prefer是指两者中偏爱或更喜欢一者。其用法为prefer +动名词/名词/动词不定式。如:Which do you prefer, an apple or an orange? 苹果和橘子，你更喜欢哪种?I prefer an orange. 我更喜欢橘子。【链接】(1) prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事。如:A lot of people prefer to live in the countryside. 有更多人更喜欢住在乡下。(2) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做某事更喜欢做某事。如:I prefer reading to writing. 比起写字，我更喜欢读书。3. Are you going to join the school rowing club? 你要加入学校划船俱乐部吗?当join作及物动词时，意为连接，接合，加入。作加入解时，指的是成为某个团体、组织的一员; join sb. 表示加人某人的行列，和某人一起。如:When did he join the army? 他什么时候入伍的?Will you join us? 你愿意加入我们吗?【链接】(1)当join作不及物动词时，意为参加(某项活动) ，通常结构为join in +活动名称。如:Would you like to join in the match? 你要参加比赛吗?( 2 ) take part in 指参与某项活动，相当于Join in+活动名称。如:I took part /joined in her birthday party last night. 昨晚我参加了她的生日晚会。4. They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 他们将于后天动身前往日本。are leaving for并不表示动作现在正在进行，而是表示动作将要发生。某些动词的现在进行时可用来表示一个最近按计划或已安排好要进行的动作。如:come , go , do , arrive , start , leave , return , have , stay , spend , sail , meet , fly 等。如:Are you staying here till tomorrow? 你要在这儿一直待到明天吗?5. Would you mind teaching me? 请你教我，好吗?Would you mind(sb.) doing sth. ?是一个常用固定句型，表示请你做某事好吗?倘若(某人)做某事你介意吗?如:Would you mind giving me a hand? 介意帮我个忙吗?【链接】(1)否定句为Would you mind not doing sth. ?请不要做某事好吗?如:Would you mind not smoking here? 请不要在这吸烟好吗?(2) Would you mind if. 此句型用于请求允许或客气地请人做某事。如:Would you mind if I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?(3) Would you mind sb. doing sth. ?如:Would you mind me sitting here? 也可以说成Would you mind my sitting here?肯定回答: Of course not. /Certainly not. /Never mind. /No , not at all.否定回答: Yes , youd better not. /Sorry Im afraid not.6. I didnt want to miss the goal , either. 我也不想丢掉那个球。either 也，用于否定句后或否定词组后。如:Peter cant go and I cant , either. 彼得不能去，我也不能。I dont like it. Me either. 我不喜欢它。 我也不喜欢。此外，either还可指两者中的任一个。如:You can park on either side of the street.你可以将车停在这条街的任何一边。You can keep either of the two photos. 你可以保留两张照片中的任何一张。7. Were sure to win next time. 下次我们一定会赢。be sure to do sth. 肯定要做某事(表将来)。如:Its sure to rain. 肯定要下雨。【链接】be sure+(that)从句确信如:Im sure (that) he is right. 我确信他是对的。8. Healthy eating habits and running help to build me up. 健康的饮食习惯和跑步帮助我强健身体。build up 使健康，增强.，.体质。build up 是一个动词+副词的短语。这类短语的宾语是代词时，代词必须放在动词和副词中间;如果宾语是名词，则可放中间，也可放在副词后面。此类短语有 give up , put up , cheer up , look up , turn up , ring up , take off, wake up , pick up , put off, turn off, see off, put on , cheer on , turn on , try on , put away , throw away , work out , carry out, check over, think over, turn down 等。9. I have great fun running. 我从跑步中得到很大乐趣。have fun doing sth. 从做某事中获得乐趣。如:This term we will have great fun learning English.这个学期我们将从学习英语中获得很大乐趣。类似的结构还有:have difficulty (in) doing sth.have problem (s) (in) doing sth.have trouble (in) doing sth.&细比细看1. play with /play against /play for(1) Our team will _ Class Three next Saturday.(2) A group of kids were _ a ball in the street.(3) Does Yi Jianlian _ the Dallas Mavericks in the NBA?【分析比较】 play with 玩耍，游戏，玩乐，与玩耍。(2) 题意为孩子们在玩球, 故填playing with。play against 同比赛。(1)题意为两个队比赛，故填play against。play for 为效力。(3) 题意为易建联在NBA为达拉斯小牛队打球吗?,故填play for 。2. arrive in /arrive at/ reach/ get to(1) What time did he arrive _ the village?(2) At last we _ the base camp (大本营) .(3) You can easily get _ the city center from here.(4) They will arrive _ Tokyo in two days.【分析比较】arrive是不及物动词，后常接介词at或in。arrive at +小地点，到达某个具体的地点，如城镇、车站、乡村、建筑物等。(1)题意为他什么时候到达那个小村庄的?, 故填at.arrive in +大地点，到达某国家或大城市。(4)题意为他们两天后到达东京。, 故填in。reach 到达，抵达，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，无须介词。(2) 题意为我们终于到达了大本营。, 故填reached.get 是不及物动词，其后接介词to. (3) 题意为从这里你可以不费力地到达市中心。,故填to.3. maybe/ may be(1) _he is at home now.(2) He _ wrong , but were not sure.【分析比较】maybe 和may be 都是也许，大概的意思， .maybe 是副词，常位于句首作状语，句子中还有谓语动词。(1)题意为也许他在家。, 故填Maybe 。may be 是情态动词+ be 动词结构，句中没有其他谓语。(2) 题意为他可能错了，但我们不能确定。may be 在句中作谓语，故填may be 。4. leave/ leave for/ leave. for(1) He _ his hometown last week.(2) I am _ New York next week to see my good friends there.(3) We will _ Beijing _ Shanghai.【分析比较】leave 常用作动词，表示go away(from) 离开 , leave a place 是指离开某地0 (1)题意为他上周离开了家乡。, 故填leave 的过去式left 。leave for +地点名词，表示动身去前往. (2) 中由不定式所表达的意思可知下周我要去纽约，故填leaving for.leave A for B ，意为离开A地去B地. (3)题意为我们准备离开北京去上海。, 故填leave. for 。5. tum on/ turn off/ tum up/ turn down/ close/ open(1) Paul , could you please _ the TV a little? Its too noisy.Sorry , Ill do it right now.(2) _ the lights when you leave.(3) _ the TV. Lets watch the play together.(4) _ your mouth , and say Ah.(5)The music was _ loud and they danced crazily.(6) I _ my eyes against the bright light.【分析比较】turn on 与turn off 为反义词组，turn on 打开，接通(电流、煤气、水等) ;turn off 关掉，截断(电流、煤气、水等). turn up 与turn down 为反义词组， turn up开大，调高(音量、热量等) ;turn down把调低，关小。close 闭上，关，关闭(门窗、盒子等) ;open 开，打开，开启(门、窗、盒子等)。(1)题由Its too noisy. 和a little 可知应填turn down; (2) 题由离开时要关灯可知应填Turn off; (3) 题由让咱们一起看电视剧吧可知应填Turn on; (4) 题为张开嘴巴应用Open; (5) 题由 loud 以及他们疯狂地跳起舞来可知音乐被开大了, 故填turned up; ( 6 )题由以防强光的照射可知应是闭上眼睛，故填close 。6. shout at/ shout to(1) The children _ the driver , but he did not hear them.(2) If you dont stop _ me, I11 come and hit you.【分析比较】at 和to 与同一动词搭配时，意义有很大的区别。shout to sb. 表示大声叫某人多因距离远，声音小听不见。(1)题意为孩子们对着司机喊叫着，但是他没听见。，故填shouted to。 shout at sb. 则表示生气地或故意地对某人大喊大叫。(2)题意为你要是不停止冲着我叫嚷，我就过去揍你。, 故填shouting at.Unit 2&考点词汇toothache , dentist , cough , fever , flu , headache , lift , pale , terrible , care , serious , sick , cause . health , medicine , meal , litter, energy , necessary , disease , empty , stomach , illness , tidy , sweep , choose , tomato , hurry , question , spread , among , examine , patient , herself , themselves , answer , duty , save&目标短语have a cold 患感冒take a rest 休息plenty of 大量，充足，丰富day and night 日日夜夜feel like doing sth. 想要做某事，感觉要做某事lie down 躺下take care of/ look after 照顾check over 给做健康检查;核对，检查worry about 担心，烦恼get into 进入，到达in public 当众;公开all kinds of 各种各样的hurry up 赶快，快点go ahead (尤指经某人允许)干下去;走剧锢，领先all the time 一直keep away (from) 远离just a moment 稍等一会儿，请稍等ring.up 给打电话on the other hand 另一方面break out( 战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发hand in 上交;交纳get through 拨通(电话) ;通过care for 关心;照顾since then 从那时起by mistake 错误地ask for leave 请假&重点句型1. I have a headache.2. You should see a dentist.3. Youd better go to see a doctor.4. Youd better not work too long.5. Follow the doctors advice , and youll get well soon.6. So Id like to ask for a weeks leave.7. How long have you been like this?8. Staying up late is bad for your health.9. 1 must ask him to give up smoking.10. You must not read in the sun.11. We should eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat.12. Its necessary for us to have healthy eating habits.13. We should eat healthy food and do more exercise to build up our bodies.14. Please tell my father not. to forget the talk tomorrow afternoon.15. Must we keep the windows open all the time?No, we dont have to. /No , we neednt.16. He thinks smoking can help him relax.17. You should say no to smoking and drinking.&功能意念1. 劝告You should see a dentist.You should listen to and read English every day.Please stand in line. Dont rush/hurry/push.Michael shouldnt move his leg too much.Youd better go to see a doctor.Youd better not go to school today.If you have headaches often , you need to see a doctor.2. 打电话Hello! Whos speaking/this?Hello! May I speak to Tom?Hello! Id like to speak to Mr. Green.Is that Liu Ying speaking?This is Kangkang speaking.Hello! Extension six two two six , please.Just a moment , please.Hello! Could/May I speak to Dr. Li Yuping?Sorry , she isnt here right now.OK, Ill ring him up later.Ill call her back again.Can I leave/take a message?Sure , go abead.Hold the line , please.Sorry. I cant hear you.The line is badlbusy.I cant get through.Sorry , Im afraid you have the wrong number.3. 就医Whats the matter with you? /Whats wrong (with you) ?I have a headache/ cough/fever.What seems to be the trouble?I feel terrible.Do you have a fever?How long have you felt like this?Its nothing serious. /Youll be all right/well soon.Something is wrong with your health.Take this medicine/ the pills twice a day.Ive got a pain here.It hurts here.I cant sleep well.&语法精粹1.情态动词should , shouldnt , hadbetter , had , better not , must , mustnt , need和have to.2. 动名词作主语。3. 反身代词的用法。&考点剖析1. You should see a dentist. 你应该去看牙医。这是一种表达劝告的句子。shou1d 作情态动词，意为应该有委婉劝告的含义，后面接动词原形。如:You should go to bed early. 你应当早点睡觉。should 的否定形式为shou1dnto 如:You shouldnt drink coffee in the evening. 你不应当在晚上喝咖啡。【链接】劝告还可以用以下句式来表达:(1)had better do sth. 最好做某事。如:Youd better call him at once. 你最好马上给他打电话。其否定形式是had better not do. 如:You had better not eat hot food. 你最好不要吃辛辣食物。(2) need to do sth. 需要做某事。如:You need to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. 你需要买一本汉英词典。(3) 祈使句表示劝告。如:Please stand in line. 请排队。Dont stay up late. 晚上不要熬夜。2. Your X-rays show its nothing serious. 你的X光片显示(你的腿)没什么严重的。nothing serious 没什么严重的。形容词修饰不定代词要后置。如:I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。Do you have something else to say? 你还有什么别的要说的吗?3. So Id like to ask for two weeks leave. 所以我想请两周假。(1)ask (sb.) for sth.请求，恳求(给予) ;征求。如:Why dont you ask him for some advice? 你为什么不征求他的意见?Jack is asking for a job. 杰克正在求职。(2) leave 在这里是名词，是假期，休假的意思。【链接】leave 作动词时，有离开忘了带，丢下;交托，委托等官义。如:The plane leaves for Tokyo a:t 13: 00. 飞机13:00飞往东京。Ive left my bag on the bus. 我把包丢在公共汽车上了。You can leave the cooking to me. 你可以把做饭事交给我负责。4. Standing up late is bad for your health. 熬夜太晚对你的健康有害。(1)在这里staying up 是动名词短语作主语。有时候动名词也可作主语。如:Dancing is fun. 跳舞是一种乐趣。Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。(2) be good /bad for 对有益/害。如:Walking is good for our health.散步对我们的健康有益。5. I must ask him to give up smoking.我一定得让他戒烟。give up (doing) sth. 意为放弃做某事。如:Jim is not good at Chinese and he wants to give it up. 吉姆语文学不好，他想放弃了。6. You might get a headache when you work too hard or when you dont get enough sleep. 当你工作太累或睡眠不足时，你可能会头痛。enough 作形容词时，修饰名词，置于名词的前后均可。如:Do you have enough money? 你有足够的钱吗?【链接】(1) enough 作副词时，修饰形容词或副词，应置于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。如:She is not old enough to go to school. = She is too young to go to school.她太小了，还不能上学。I didnt get up ear1y enough this morning. 今天早晨我起得不够早。(2)enough 作代词，意为足够的东西。如:I have enough to do. 我要做的事够多了。7. Its my duty to save patients. 挽救病人的生命是我的职责。Its ones duty to do. 做是某人的职责。it 作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语。如:Its my duty to study well. 好好学习是我的责任。【链接】1. Its necessary for us to drink enough water every day. 我们每天喝足够的水是必要的。2. Its kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。第一句中的necessary 描述的是to drink enough water 这一事物， us 前使用for 。第二句中的形容词kind 是描述人( you) 的性格特征的，不定式的逻辑主语( you) 用of 引出。又如: Its important for us to learn English well. Its nice of you to say so.&细比细看1. too much/much too/too many(1) There are _ mistakes in the passage.(2) Eating _ candy is bad for your teeth.(3) The problem. is _ easy for them.【分析比较】too many 太多用于修饰名词复数。(1)题意为这篇文章里有太多错误。mistakes 是名词复数，故填too many。too much 修饰不可数名词。candy 在此作不可数名词。故(2) 填too much。much too 太常用于修饰副词或形容词。(3) 题意为这个问题对于他们来说太简单了 ;easy是形容词，故填much too。2. sick/ill(1) The _ child needs help.(2) His grandma is still _ in bed.【分析比较】sick 生病的，有病的。主要用于美式英语，可以用作定语，也可以用作表语。故(1)和(2) 两题都可以填sick 。ill 与sick 同义， ill 主要用于英式英语，且通常不作定语，只用作表语。故(1)不能填ill ，只有(2) 可填ill 。3. must/have to/mustnt/ dont have to(1) We _ work hard.(2) It rained yesterday and we_ stay at home.(3) Look at the sign. You _ smoke in the sleeping car.(4) You_ clean the room right now. You can do it tomorrow.【分析比较】must 表示必须时，着重于说话人主观上认为有必要，有义务。(1)题意为我们必须努力学习这里是我们主观上认为要努力学习，故填must .have to +动词原形，表示不得不，必须着重于客观的需要。(2) 题意为昨天下雨了，我们不得不待在家。故填had to.mustnt 指告诫某人一定不要做某事。(3) 题意为看看这个标志。你一定不要在卧铺车厢里吸烟。，故填mustntdont have to 指不必;没有必要.(4) 题意为你不必马上打扫房间，可以明天打扫。故填dont have to.4. a lot of/plenty of/a number of(1) There are _ people in the park on Sundays.(2) You should drink _ water, and have a good rest.【分析比较】a lot of = l0ts of 表示大量的，许多。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。plenty of 与a lot of 同义，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。a number of 表示许多，大量的修饰可数名词。故(1)三者都可以用。而(2) 填a lot of 和plenty of 都可以。5. among/between(1) There is a village _ the two rivers.(2) The teacher is sitting _ the children.【分析比较】among 指三者或三者以上之间。(2)题意为老师坐在孩子们中间。孩子们是指三者以上，故填among .between一般指两者之间。(1)题意为两条河之间有个村庄。故填between。6. question/problem(1) Can you answer my _ ?(2) Nobody can work out the math _ .【分析比较】question 指问题, 意思较广，一般指需要回答或解答的问题，通常与answer 搭配。故(1)填question 。problem 也指问题常指存在的需要解决的难题或数学、物理中需要解的难题。通常与solve , workout 搭配。故(2) 填problem.Unit 3&考点词汇spare , hobby, collect , paint, share, e-mail , pop , vacation , nobody , friendship , knowledge , daily , whether , ugly , lazy , stupid , concert , lend , tape , violin , drum , price , pay , everyday , simple , continue , birth , weight , height , everybody , shower , radio , agree , pleasant , handsome , useful , sad , laugh , factory; dish&目标短语in ones spare/free time 在某人的空闲时间be interested in 对感兴趣be fond of 喜欢used to do sth. 过去常常做某事enjoy doing. 喜欢做and so on 等等keep pets 饲养宠物dance to music 随着音乐跳舞take a bath 洗澡such as 例如give a concert 举办音乐会lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人be famous for 因而出名at last 最后，终于set up 建立，创立agree with sb. 同意某人的看法，与某人看法一致make a face 做鬼脸be angry with sb. 生某人的气too. to. 太而不能stop doing sth. 停止做某事&重点句型1. Why not go out and do some outdoor activities?Sounds good.2. Im interested in I am fond of acting.3. Pleased to see/meet you.