过去时态讲义.doc

龙文教育您值得信赖的专业化、个性化辅导学校初中英语时态- 过去进行时，完成时，将来时 1、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语：at this time yesterday，at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构：waswere doing否定形式：waswere notdoing一般疑问句：把was或were放在句首过去进行时的用法：（1） 表示过去某时或是简单时间内进行的动作 例如 she was doing her lessons when I came in.我进去时她正在做功课 把上面的句子改成否定形式和一般疑问句 I (ride)the TV when mom cook the dinner 妈妈做饭时我在看电视 把上面的句子改成一般疑问句（2）可用来的后面一系列动作的发生提供背景或用来描写故事发生的情景 例如 I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike 我在骑车时把腿摔伤啦 It was a dark night.the wind was blowing hard and the rain (fall)heavily那是一个漆黑的夜晚，风刮的很厉害，雨下得很大 （3）过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，这是be动词was/were 要重读。 例如 I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it 我本该今天早上给他写信的，后来全忘啦 I (play) football with you but you had some housework to do 我本来打算和你打篮球，但你有家务活要干 （4）过去进行时表示婉转语气（只限于want,hope,wonder等动词），用以提出请求。 I was wondering if you could help me. 我想知道你是否会帮助我。 （5）go,come,leave,start,arrive 等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。 She was coming later 她随后就到 过去进行时的时间状语1.when 和while引导的状语从句中，强调某个动作正在进行的过程中时要用进行时态，while表示一段时间，因此它所引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用进行时态When/While we were having supper, the light went out.我们正在吃饭时灯熄灭啦2.when用作并列连词时，主句常用进行时态，从句则用一般过去时，表示主句动作发生的过程中，另一个意想不到的动作发生了。如：I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。2、过去完成时：概念：以过去某一时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before，by the end of last year（term，month），etc基本结构：had done（过去分词）否定形式：had notdone一般疑问句：had放于句首过去完成时的用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻之前发生的动作。 例如 by 10 I had already written six letters.到十点钟时，我已经写了六封信。 By six hours I had (do)all my homework. 过了六个小时我完成了我的家庭作业（2）叙述过去发生的事情，在已经叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过了追述或补充一起发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如 Mr Smith died yesterday .he had been a good friend of mine.(3) 用在表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中。 例如 I wish I had told him about it .我希望我已经告诉他这件事啦。 If she (work)harder ,she would have succeeded. 如果她工作更努力的话，他可能已经成功啦。（4）用在“it was the first time that sb.had done”句型中，在此句型中，主句若用一般过去时，that 引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。 例如 it was the first time that we had spoken together. 这是我们第一次交谈 This was the first time they (meet)in thirty years .这是三十年里他们第一次相见(5)过去完成时常用在“no soonerthan” 和 “hardly/scarcelywhen”(意为一。就。)等句型的主句中，从句中常用一般过去式。No sooner, hardly/scarcely移至句首表示强调，要用倒装语序。 例如 we no sooner reached home than it began to rain.我们一到家就开始下雨啦. Hardly he the office when the phone rang.他一进办公室电话就响啦。（6）在包含有when,until 等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。 例如 when I woke up ,it already (stop) raining. 我们一到家就开始下雨啦。 She didnt go to bed until she (finish) the work.她直到把工作做完之后才去睡觉。 必备 如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before 和after 复合句，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如： After he in English ,max worked hard to improve his English . 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。（7）在复合句中，两个动作一先一后，发生在前的动作时发生在后的动作的前提和基础，发生在前的动作就必须用过去完成时。 例如 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已经等了20分钟。 She said that she not (hear)from him since may 她说自五月份一来就没有收到过他的来信。 I returned the book that I (borrow)我已经归还了我的书。 不规则动词过去式和过去分词A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut put-put-putlet-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hitshut-shut-shut hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read 读音 /e/lie-lied-lied 说谎 lay-laid-laid 放置，下蛋lay- lain 躺下，位于，平放B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是 :tbright-brought-brought think-thought-thought buy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caught teach - taught -taught2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。get-got-got sell-sold-sold tell-told-told3. 动词原形中i为a, sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat4. 动词原形中i为o, win-won-won shine-shone/ shined-shone / shined5. 动词原形中an为oo, stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood6. 动词原形中的ay为ai, say-said-said pay-paid-paid7. a）动词原形中的d为t, send-sent-sent lend-lent-lentspend-spent-spent build-built-builtb ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , smell-smelt-smelt lose-lost-lostc ) 动词原形后加一个字母t, learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant 读音/e/d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/feel-felt-felt sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-sweptkeep- kept- kept其它meet-met-met have-had-had hold-held-heldmake-made-made dig-dug-dug hear-heard-heardfind-found-found hang-hung-hungC.原型与过去分词相同come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-becomeD. 原形，过去式， 和 过去分词完全不同1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词begin - began -begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rungswim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung 2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-knownthrow - threw - thrown fly -flew /flu:/ -flown ( 和以上相似)3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen write-wrote-written (双写t )ride-rode-ridden (双写d )b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen break-broke-brokenc ) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgotten （双写t，加en ）d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词eat-ate-eaten beat- beat - beaten fall-fell-fallengive-gave-given see-saw-seen take-took-takenmistake- mistook- mistaken hide-hid-hidden （双写d ）E. 没有过去分词的动词can - could may- might shall- should will - would 其它am, is - was- been are-were- been do-did- donedraw-drew- drawn :go-went- gone show-showed-shownwear- wore - worn 3、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。时间状语：the next day（morning，year），the following month（week），etc基本结构：wasweregoing to do； wouldshould do否定形式：waswerenotgoing to do；wouldshould notdo一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；wouldshould提到句首 过去将来时的用法（1） 表示对过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或状态。例如 she heard the gardener (cut) that tree down yesterday. 她昨天听说花匠要把那棵树砍到。（2） 表示将来的其他各种结构，改成过去式后，都相当于过去将来时。例如 they were about to go when they heard someone coming. 他们正要走时，听到有人来啦 过去时态综合练习第一部分1- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasnt arrived yet.- Well, he said he _here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying3 Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A as; come B was; would come C would be; came D will be; come4Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend 二、填空1 She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning.2 I wasnt sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning.3 He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight.4 Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work. 选择题1I lost the dictionary I _Ahave bought Bbought Chad bought Dhad been bought2The train had gone when my brother _ at the stationAhave arrived Barrived Chad arrived Dam arriving3. Mary _ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weather made her change her mind.Ahas thought Bthought Chad thought Dhad been thought4-Did you meet Tom at the airport？ -No，he _ by the time I_ thereAhas left；got Bhad left；arrived Cleft；arrived Dleft；had got5-Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday？ -He _ BeijingAhas gone to Bhad gone to Cwent to Dhad been to6-I _ to come to help you -But you didnt comeAhave meant Bhad meant Cmeant Dwill mean8-I have bought you the books you want -Oh，good，I _ afraid you had forgottenAwas Bam Chad been Dhave been9We _ four thousand new words by the end of last yearAhad learned Bhave learned Clearned Dwill have learned10Helen _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _homeAhas left；comes Bleft；had come Chad left；came Dhad left；would come11. My father _ to the hospital when I hurried home.A. had gone B. went C. had been taken D. had been sent12. - Jim, _ you _ your homework?- Yes, of course, but I _ it late bed time.A. do do; finished B. did do; had finished C. have done; hadfinished D. have done; finished13. You _ football after school. Why not go home and do your homework first?A. always played B. are always playing C. have always played D.have always been playing14. Ever since Picassos painting went on exhibit, there _ large crowds at the museum every day. A. is B. has been C. have been D. had been 15. -What do you think of my suggestion? - Sorry. Whats that?I _ about something else.A. was thinking B. thought C. am thinking D. had thought. Fill in the blanks according to the meanings of the sentences by using tenses of the verbs. 1. How many English songs _ she _ (learn) by the end of last month?、2. Hardly _ I _ (get) on the bus when it started to move3. He _(read) the book before he was ten year sold.4. She said she _ (see) the film before.5. Our English teacher _ (teach) English in Guangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School.6. By the end of last month, they _(complete)thebridge .7. No sooner _ I _ (go) out than he came to see me.89. The classroom _ (clean) before we _(get) there yesterday.10. _ the boy _ (finish) his homework before you saw him?11. When we got to the station, the train _ already_. (leave)12. The book _ by the end of last month. (finish)13. When I got back to the shop , my bag _ (take)away by someone else.14. When I arrived at the cinema, the film _ (be)on for ten minutes.15. -Whats that terrible noise?-The neighbors _ (prepare) for a party.16. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ ( complete) by2006.17. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.18. -Mr. Johnson didnt turn up at the meeting yesterday morning, did he?- No. We _ (wait) till twelve oclock. A whole morning was wasted.19. -Why havent you asked her to come here?-She _ (do) an important experiment when I found her and she _ (not, finish) it.第三部分1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2）As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read; was fallingB. was reading; fellC. was reading; was fallingD. read; fell1. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt him. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was riding2. Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked C. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked3.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking4.I dont think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked6.-Hey, look where you are going! -Oh, Im terribly sorry._. A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C