C语言电子琴设计.doc

C语言简易电子琴程序设计 王永平 2011-3-22简介：这是一个用C语言写的简易电子琴程序。里面写了五首曲子，分别是东方红、挥剑问情、 祝你生日快乐、回梦游仙和蝶恋。可自己弹奏。程序可发ABCDEFG调，低中高音共147个音。本程序经TurboC2.0调试通过，确认无任何问题，现将源码公布。对于内置的五首曲子及8255发声频率表，可访问网址复制：/xuanyiaijie/blog/item/82cc95121787aae9c3ce7991.html其他部分不可复制,不可修改,所以不要幻想直接copy这些程序。思维是最重要的，事实上，当你自己一字一字敲下这些代码进行调试时，你会体会更深，比如“；”的重要性，什么时候用1，什么时候用0，等等。一、简易电子琴先来看看要做的简易电子琴是个什么样子1、右下角，生成的电子琴EXE文件2、双击打开，出现主界面3、按数字键1-5可以播放预置的音乐4、播放音乐时可以按数字键0随时退出播放，按0后出现：5、按数字键6，自己弹奏下首先提示选择什么音调（按数字键0可以取消选择，回到主界面）6、然后提示选择节拍（按数字键0可以取消选择，回到主界面）7、选好节拍开始弹奏8、按数字键8退出程序，先显示“Thanks for using！”，延时2s后退出程序9、若是不能正确发音，可以按7调节二、设计分析1、要做出这个简易电子琴，首先要解决发音问题。1）用什么发声。调用系统主板8255发声。2)发音程序。C语言里有sound()函数，sound(Frequency)可发频率为Frequency的音。发出一个音后，它不能一直存在，为此需要控制发音持续多长时间。这就需要延时程序。C语言里带的延时程序有sleep(s);delay(ms);显然不能用sleep(s);函数，因为这个程序最少都会延时1秒，至少每秒才发一个音的歌也太难听了。执行延时程序后，还需调用一个函数nosound();否则它还是会一直发原来那个音停不下来。这样要发一个音，需要的程序为：sound(Frequency);delay(ms);nosound();3）延时程序。大家都知道delay();这个函数很不精确，不精确到什么程度呢，delay(10000)原理上说它应该延时10秒，事实上，在绝大多数电脑上，这个延时程序不用1秒就运行完了。因而不可能用系统自带的delay()函数来延时。C语言里有实现精确延时的方法，但总觉得有点麻烦。怎么办？只好自己写个延时程序了。电脑运行速度很快，要让它实现延时，比较简单的就是让电脑做加减法。下面是我写的一个延时子程序，针对这个电子琴编的。它是一个三重循环，a,b,c都是变量。num为要实现的延时时间，单位是ms,比如200ms。对不同电脑，执行这个程序的时间是不同的，需要调节一下b,c的上限值来实现精确定时。在这个电子琴程序里，按键7退出时设置是延时2秒再退出，可以通过对照标准时间来改变b,c上限值，让这个延时程序变精确。void Delay(int num)int a,b,c;for(a=0;anum;a+)for(b=0;b1000;b+)for(c=0;c 1;2- 2;3- 5;4- 10;5- 100;6- 1000n);printf( Fine: q- 1;w- 2;e- 5;r- 10;t- 100;n);这样延时程序需要写成：void Delay(int num)int a,b,c;for(a=0;anum;a+)for(b=0;bbmax;b+)for(c=0;ccmax;c+);至此，发音程序就完成了。2、如何完整弹奏一首歌曲。一首歌，有音调，有节拍用两个数组，一个存音调，一个存节拍，然后再循环播放即可实现那么，如何判断一首歌播完？用一个特殊的频率即可，本程序用了频率1for(i=0;freq1i!=1;i+)sound(freq1i);Delay(dely1i);nosound();c=bioskey(1);if(c=0)break;mainmenu();break;这里考虑到歌太长，别人不想听的情况，设置了按0可退出。另外，Delay(dely1i);要是觉得一首歌整体节拍要改，可以直接改这里而不影响其他歌曲。如改为：Delay(2dely1i)则整首歌播放时间延长了一倍。3、如何实现键盘弹奏。很简单，按一个键发一个音。我们需要这样一张表，8255发声频率表：一共有7x7x3=147个音。可以写出按键发音的基本程序是：sound(Frequency);Delay(Time);nosound();break;但是重复147句这样的语句显然很罗嗦。很自然的，想到用数组。用一个二维数组把它存起来，然后再调用即可。本程序中，排列顺序是A低音，A中音，A高音，B低音，B中音，B高音G低音，G中音，G高音4、几个细节。1、子函数可以调用子函数，但是被调用的子函数要先于子函数本身声明。2、注意数组的定义。声明要在程序，下标要正确，结尾不要忘记分号。3、界面符合习惯。三、程序源代码/* Simple Electronic Organ */* By xpxxpbmy 2011/3/22 */* Contact Me QQ:721159175 */* All Rights Reserved */#includeint bmax=1000;int cmax=440;/* delay subroutine */void Delay(int num)int a,b,c;for(a=0;anum;a+)for(b=0;bbmax;b+)for(c=0;c 1;2- 2;3- 5;4- 10;5- 100;6- 1000n);printf( Fine: q- 1;w- 2;e- 5;r- 10;t- 100;n);c=bioskey(0);if(c=a)printf( Accelerate time!n);c=bioskey(0);switch(c)case 1:bmax=bmax+1;goto Test;case 2:bmax=bmax+2;goto Test;case 3:bmax=bmax+5;goto Test;case 4:bmax=bmax+10;goto Test;case 5:bmax=bmax+100;goto Test;case 6:bmax=bmax+1000;goto Test;case q:cmax=cmax+1;goto Test;case w:cmax=cmax+2;goto Test;case e:cmax=cmax+5;goto Test;case r:cmax=cmax+10;goto Test;case t:cmax=cmax+100;goto Test;default:break;else if(c=d)printf( Slow down time!n);c=bioskey(0);switch(c)case 1:bmax=bmax-1;goto Test;case 2:bmax=bmax-2;goto Test;case 3:bmax=bmax-5;goto Test;case 4:bmax=bmax-10;goto Test;case 5:bmax=bmax-100;goto Test;case 6:bmax=bmax-1000;goto Test;case q:cmax=cmax-1;goto Test;case w:cmax=cmax-2;goto Test;case e:cmax=cmax-5;goto Test;case r:cmax=cmax-10;goto Test;case t:cmax=cmax-100;goto Test;default:break;else if(c=0)goto Test;elseprintf( Error Input!n);goto A;Test:sound(262);Delay(200);nosound();sound(294);Delay(200);nosound();sound(330);Delay(200);nosound();sound(350);Delay(200);nosound();sound(393);Delay(200);nosound();sound(441);Delay(200);nosound();sound(495);Delay(200);nosound();sound(525);Delay(200);nosound();printf( Is this OK? n);printf( Press n to reset.Or any other key to mainmenu!n);c=bioskey(0);if (c=n) goto A;elsemainmenu();/* keyboard play */void scaleplay()char c;int i,h,m,l,time;/* Tone Matrix */* order:A-low pitch,A-middle pitch,A-hight pitch,B-low pitch,B-middle pitch,B-hight pitch.*/int tone217=221,248,278,294,330,371,416,441,495,556,589,661,742,833,882,990,1112,1178,1322,1484,1665,248,278,312,330,371,416,467,495,556,624,661,742,833,935,990,1112,1248,1322,1484,1665,1869,131,147,165,175,196,221,248,262,294,330,350,393,441,495,525,589,661,700,786,882,990,147,165,185,196,221,248,278,294,330,371,393,441,495,556,589,661,742,786,882,990,1112,165,185,208,221,248,278,312,330,371,416,441,495,556,624,661,742,833,882,990,1112,1248,175,196,221,234,262,294,330,350,393,441,467,525,589,661,700,786,882,935,1049,1178,1322,196,221,248,262,294,330,371,393,441,495,525,589,661,742,786,882,990,1049,1178,1322,1484;mainmenu();/* Select Tone */printf( please select tone:n);seltone:printf( 1-A;2-B;3-C;4-D;5-E;6-F;7-G;n);printf( or press 0 to cancle.n);c=bioskey(0);switch(c)case 1:l=0;m=1;h=2;break;case 2:l=3;m=4;h=5;break;case 3:l=6;m=7;h=8;break;case 4:l=9;m=10;h=11;break;case 5:l=12;m=13;h=14;break;case 6:l=15;m=16;h=17;break;case 7:l=18;m=19;h=20;break;case 0:mainmenu();printf( What do you want to do?n);printf( Please select.n);goto exit;default:printf( Error Input!n);printf( Please select again!n);goto seltone;/* Select Time */printf( Please select time.n);seltime:printf( 1-slow,2-middle,3-fastn);printf( or press 0 to cancle.n);c=bioskey(0);if(c=1)time=350;else if(c=2)time=250;else if(c=3)time=150;else if(c=0)mainmenu();printf( What do you want to do?n);goto exit;elseprintf( Error Input.Please select again!n);goto seltime;/* Play */printf( Start to play!(Prees 0 to exit)n);c=bioskey(0);while(1)c=bioskey(0);switch(c)case 1:sound(tonem0);Delay(time);nosound();break;case 2:sound(tonem1);Delay(time);nosound();break;case 3:sound(tonem2);Delay(time);nosound();break;case 4:sound(tonem3);Delay(time);nosound();break;case 5:sound(tonem4);Delay(time);nosound();break;case 6:sound(tonem5);Delay(time);nosound();break;case 7:sound(tonem6);Delay(time);nosound();break;case q:sound(toneh0);Delay(time);nosound();break;case w:sound(toneh1);Delay(time);nosound();break;case e:sound(toneh2);Delay(time);nosound();break;case r:sound(toneh3);Delay(time);nosound();break;case t:sound(toneh4);Delay(time);nosound();break;case y:sound(toneh5);Delay(time);nosound();break;case u:sound(toneh6);Delay(time);nosound();break;case a:sound(tonel0);Delay(time);nosound();break;case s:sound(tonel1);Delay(time);nosound();break;case d:sound(tonel2);Delay(time);nosound();break;case f:sound(tonel3);Delay(time);nosound();break;case g:sound(tonel4);Delay(time);nosound();break;case h:sound(tonel5);Delay(time);nosound();break;case j:sound(tonel6);Delay(time);nosound();break;case 0:mainmenu();printf( What do you want to do?n);printf( Please select.n);goto exit;default:sound(0);break;exit:return;/* main */main()int i;char c;/* Music Begin */* music1:The East is Red */int freq1=393,393,441,294,262,262,221,294,393,393,441,525,441,393,262,262,221,294,393,294,262,248,221,196,393,294,330,294,262,262,221,294,330,294,262,294,262,248,221,196,1;int dely1=200,100,100,400,200,100,100,400,200,200,150,50,100,100,200,100,100,400,200,200,200,100,100,200,200,200,100,100,200,100,100,15,50,100,100,100,100,100,100,200,100,50,50,75,25,50,50,50,50,50,50,200;/* music2:an episode of Chinese Pladin */int freq2=330,294,330,330,294,330,330,294,330,441,393,330,294,262,294,330,330,294,330,330,294,330,525,441,393,330,330,393,441,441,525,441,393,330,294,262,294,330,330,393,330,330,262,294,330,294,330,330,294,330,330,294,330,441,393,330,294,330,393,441,525,441,525,393,441,525,390,441,393,330,393,441,330,393,441,330,393,441,525,441,441,393,330,393,441,525,393,330,294,393,294,330,441,393,294,330,294,330,294,262,294,262,221,262,294,330,393,441,330,262,294,330,393,441,525,393,330,294,393,294,330,441,393,330,393,441,525,589,441,393,441,525,661,589,525,393,441,1;int dely2=200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,200,200,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,200,200,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,800,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,800,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,200,200,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,300,100,200,200,200,200,200,200,200,200,800,200,200,800,200,200,200,200,200,800,800,400,400,600,200,400,400,800,400,400,600,200,400,400,800,400,200,200,800,200,200,400,400,400,400,400,400,600,200,800,400,400,600,200,400,400,800,400,400,600,200,400,400,800,400,400,400,400,400,400,800,400,400,1200,1200,1200,400,400,400,400,400,400,2400;/* music3:Happy Birthday to you */int freq3=262,262,294,262,394,330,262,262,294,262,392,349,262,262,523,440,349,262,262,466,466,440,262,392,349,1;int dely3=100,100,200,200,200,200,200,100,100,200,200,200,200,200,100,100,200,200,200,200,200,200,100,100,200,200,200,200,200;/* music4:an episode of Chinese Pladin */int freq4=990,882,990,990,661,882,786,742,661,742,661,589,495,495,589,786,495,589,742,661,589,661,990,882,990,882,990,990,661,882,786,742,661,742,661,589,495,495,589,786,495,489,882,990,882,589,661,742,661,786,882,990,990,1178,990,786,882,661,786,990,882,786,661,589,589,661,786,882,990,1178,1322,1178,990,786,882,661,786,990,882,786,661,661,990,882,786,661,589,661,661,589,661,786,882,661,786,882,990,0,990,882,990,990,661,882,786,742,661,742,661,589,495,495,589,786,495,589,742,661,589,661,990,882,990,882,990,990,661,882,786,742,661,742,661,589,495,495,589,786,495,589,882,990,882,589,661,742,589,495,661,661,1;int dely4=200,200,400,200,200,600,100,100,300,100,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,600,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,600,100,100,300,100,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,200,200,800,1600,400,200,200,800,200,200,200,200,800,400,200,200,400,400,600,200,800,400,200,200,600,200,200,200,200,200,800,400,200,200,400,400,800,200,200,200,200,200,200,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,600,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,200,200,800,800,200,200,800,800;/* music5:an episode of Chinese Pladin */int freq5=416,416,416,371,416,371,416,371,371,278,278,312,330,371,330,312,248,278,416,416,416,371,416,556,495,556,495,495,371,371,416,441,495,441,416,371,416,416,556,624,556,495,416,495,416,495,371,556,495,416,371,416,371,495,556,330,556,556,556,556,624,661,624,556,624,495,416,416,556,624,556,495,416,495,441,495,556,624,556,624,495,556,416,371,495,556,330,556,556,556,556,624,661,624,556,624,495,1112,1;int dely5=200,200,200,200,400,200,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,800,200,200,200,200,300,100,200,200,200,200,400,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,800,200,400,200,200,300,100,800,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,800,400,200,600,400,200,200,200,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,800,200,400,200,200,300,100,800,200,200,400,200,200,400,150,50,800,400,200,600,400,200,200,200,200,200,400,200,200,300,100,800;/* Music End */* Main */mainmenu();while